Socio-economics of Artemia culture.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Hoa Nguyen ◽  
Thi Hong Van Nguyen ◽  
Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Pond Management ◽  
Solar Salt ◽  
Cyst Production ◽  
Salt Pans ◽  
Shrimp Feed ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Technical Advice ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract Traditional solar salt pans have been the only production activity carried out in Bac Lieu and Vinh Chau (Soc Trang) since the 1960s (Do, 1998). However, low and unsustainable incomes from salt production made this practice unattractive to salt farmers. At the end of the 1980s, Artemia production in the area was conducted under the technical advice of the College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University. Artemia production provides not only cysts for shrimp and fish hatcheries but also improves considerably the income of salt farmers (Vu, 1997). However, over the years cyst production has been unstable and has varied from place to place and from season to season. Production has also depended on investment scale and pond management. Moreover, cyst prices usually fluctuate and are market driven. Prices also depend on the remaining cyst stock held by shrimp feed companies. Thus, it is difficult for farmers to decide if they should invest in Artemia production for the coming season or not. This paper presents the pros and cons for sustainable production of Artemia in the area.

Shrimp-Artemia-salt integrated system, Vietnam.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Tien Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Culture Technique ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
New Production ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Cyst Production ◽  
Salt Pans ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract Traditional solar salt pans appeared in Vinh Chau, Soc Trang province and Bac Lieu province in the 1960s (Do, 1998). Crude salt is mainly used for human consumption and to salt fish and fish sauces and therefore its demand is not considerable. Moreover, a large amount of crude salt was produced yearly at the sites which exceeded local consumption needs. Consequently, all salt produced could not be sold which reduced the income of salt farmers. Towards the end of the 1980s, an Artemia culture technique in salt pans for cyst production was developed by the College of Aquaculture and Fisheries (CAF), Cantho University, which proved to be more profitable than traditional salt production (Vu, 1997). Therefore the technique was immediately transferred to farmers and the production scale increased year by year. This case study describes the system of shrimp, Artemia and salt production which was introduced to salt farmers with the aim of developing a new production system to help to improve their living standards.

scholarly journals Miłosz the Visionary: His American experience in Visions from San Francisco Bay

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Ania Grudzien
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Czeslaw Milosz ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Way

Nobel Prize winner Czesław Miłosz is one of the most influential poets, prosiest, philosophers, and diplomats, his works spanning two centuries and multiple continents. Born in 1911, in what is now modern-day Lithuania, Miłosz spent most of his professional life in Europe including Poland and France. In 1960, fleeing the power of the communist regime, he found political asylum in California, teaching in the Slavic languages department at the University of California Berkley. The following paper examines Czesław Miłosz’s perspective on the radical West culture of the 1960s and ‘70s in his book Visions from San Francisco Bay. This work brings attention to previously unnoticed English mistranslations. I propose a new translation to reflect Miłosz’s original meaning, which changes the way English readers interpret his American experience as well as his book Visions from San Francisco Bay. Specifically, I consider two sets of Miłosz’s pros and cons which he crafted to describe the essence of his American experience, and one set of pros and cons I crafted from his writing to frame his experience. These juxtaposing pros and cons ultimately led him to the conclusion of the importance of richly interpreting one’s reality, especially in a time of change and uncertainty. By way of comparative literary analysis of Miłosz’s Visions and selected poems, we change the way we traditionally think of the ‘60s and ‘70s, realizing that instead of being a time of explosive interpretive energy, this was a time when Americans fell away from rich interpretation of their metaphysical realities.

Sustainable Marketing: Market-Driving, Not Market-Driven

2020 ◽  
pp. 027614672096183
Author(s):  
Jagdish N. Sheth ◽  
Atul Parvatiyar
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Corporate Marketing ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Market Driving ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
The 1960S

Sustainability has emerged as a critical macromarketing perspective over the last five decades. Starting with the early concerns in the 1960s about the world’s finite resources that would limit economic growth, sustainability thinking has expanded to encompass societal issues and ecological and environmental considerations in economic and governance activities. Governments and businesses need to act in tandem to address myriad world problems associated with climate change, pollution, environmental degradation, depleting resources, and the socio-economic disparities that characterize persistent world hunger and poverty. A vital aspect of this challenge is to stop or reverse unsustainable production and consumption that have hitherto been pursued as part of market-driven business activity. Marketing, through its market-driven consumption-oriented practices, may have knowingly or unknowingly promoted these unsustainable production-consumption practices. Therefore, it needs to change its orientation from merely being responsive to consumer and market needs into a more responsible approach that drives markets for sustainable products and services and builds sustainable societies. In this paper, we review how sustainable marketing considerations have grown but not to the extent of becoming the driver of markets and business practices that meet sustainability goals. To this end, we present a framework for driving sustainable consumption through corporate marketing strategy and relevant government interventions. We highlight four strategies of corporate marketing and four types of government intervention for sustainable marketing.

Realising added-value in native British breeds of beef cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. H. Alderson
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Function ◽  
Effective Use

SummaryNative breeds of beef cattle in Britain have been superseded by imported breeds since the 1960s, but a changing market in the 1990s has begun to restore traditional values. The distinctive qualities of native breeds are becoming more relevant, and the White Park is a prime example of their importance. This paper makes a critical evaluation of several studies of White Park cattle that have been carried out, namely productivity in non-intensive systems of management, assessment of type and function by linear measurements, quality of product (meat), and value in crossing programmes. It concludes that breeds such as the White Park derive significant added value as a result of their native adaptability and the high quality of their beef, and that they benefit from a market driven by consumers rather than supermarkets. The use of different linear measurements is proposed, and the effective use of White Park bulls in crossing programmes is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Stormwater Pond Management: What You Need to Know about Aeration

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha T. Howley ◽  
Steven P. Hohman ◽  
Alexander J. Reisinger
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Pond Management ◽  
Water Quality Protection ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Stormwater Pond ◽  
Improve Water Quality ◽  
Community Decision

This new 6-page document is intended to provide Floridians and their communities with information on a specific management practice in stormwater ponds: the use of fountains and other aeration approaches. These practices may provide opportunities both to improve water quality within the pond and protect downstream water quality. Specifically, this document gives basic information on fountains and the pros and cons of fountain installation and use. In addition, we provide information for pond managers or community decision makers on how to best manage ponds for effective pollutant removal in the pond and downstream water quality protection. Written by Samantha T. Howley, Steven P. Hohman, and Alexander J. Reisinger, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss695

scholarly journals THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF STUDY OF THE DISSIDENT MOVEMENT IN THE USSR IN RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY (ON MATERIALS OF DISSERTATION RESEARCH)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-685
Author(s):  
A.V. Merzanova
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
National History ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Sharp Criticism ◽  
The Cold War

The article deals with the historiography of the dissident movement in the USSR, represented by a complex of dissertations for the degree of candidate and doctor of historical Sciences. According to the classification proposed by the author, the dissertations can be divided into 2 areas depending on the researchers' assessment of the place and role of dissidents in Soviet history. Most of the works are characterized by the apologia of dissidence, the consideration of this phenomenon only from the point of view of a positive contribution to the national history, the representation of all dissidents as martyrs and «prisoners of conscience». A smaller part of the work relates to the objective-realistic direction, which considers both the pros and cons in the dissident movement, its role in the years of the «cold war». The author concludes that the studies of the second half of the 1990s - the first decade of the 2000s are more characterized by the mythologization of the dissident movement, which replaced its sharp criticism in the 1960s - the first half of the 1980s.

The Bay Area's Solar Salt Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-57
Author(s):  
Laura A. Watt ◽  
Ellen Joslin Johnck
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Tidal Marshes ◽  
Solar Salt ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
History Of ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Salt Industry ◽  
And Function

Now part of a 15,100-acre restoration project, the salt ponds of the southern San Francisco Bay have a long history of industrial use and management. Early developers of these lands in the late 1800s modified the marshy tidal margin of the bay to be productive and profitable; wetlands were not valued for their own sake or for ecological values, but were considered wastelands until they could be “improved” for human utilization. The land barons behind what became the Leslie Salt Company created an elaborate landscape of dikes and ponds, but producing solar salt was considered an interim use, while the owners aimed for further, more lucrative possibilities: first planning a heavily industrialized manufacturing and distribution center, and later considering filling the marshlands to create residential developments. Ironically the vision of a filled-in Bay helped to trigger a wave of environmentalism in the 1960s and ‘70s, resulting first in the creation of a wildlife refuge and later this ambitious restoration project, circling back toward the tidal marshes’ earlier form and function. Examining their history helps us to see not only the potential conservation value of lands previously used for industrial purposes, but also to help us understand that we can live side by side with conservation lands, that their ecological or wildness values are not necessarily diminished by human presence or past.

scholarly journals Six Collective Challenges for Sustainability of Almería Greenhouse Horticulture

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Castro ◽  
María D. López-Rodríguez ◽  
Cynthia Giagnocavo ◽  
Miguel Gimenez ◽  
Leticia Céspedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Transdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Greenhouse Horticulture ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
The 1960S

Globally, current food consumption and trade are placing unprecedented demand on agricultural systems and increasing pressure on natural resources, requiring tradeoffs between food security and environmental impacts especially given the tension between market-driven agriculture and agro-ecological goals. In order to illustrate the wicked social, economic and environmental challenges and processes to find transformative solutions, we focus on the largest concentration of greenhouses in the world located in the semi-arid coastal plain of South-east Spain. Almería family farming, predominantly cooperative, greenhouse intensive production, commenced after the 1960s and has resulted in very significant social and economic benefits for the region, while also having important negative environmental and biodiversity impacts, as well as creating new social challenges. The system currently finds itself in a crisis of diminishing economic benefits and increasing environmental and social dilemmas. Here, we present the outcomes of multi-actor, transdisciplinary research to review and provide collective insights for solutions-oriented research on the sustainability of Almeria’s agricultural sector. The multi-actor, transdisciplinary process implemented collectively, and supported by scientific literature, identified six fundamental challenges to transitioning to an agricultural model that aims to ameliorate risks and avoid a systemic collapse, whilst balancing a concern for profitability with sustainability: (1) Governance based on a culture of shared responsibility for sustainability, (2) Sustainable and efficient use of water, (3) Biodiversity conservation, (4) Implementing a circular economy plan, (5) Technology and knowledge transfer, and (6) Image and identity. We conclude that the multi-actor transdisciplinary approach successfully facilitated the creation of a culture of shared responsibility among public, private, academic, and civil society actors. Notwithstanding plural values, challenges and solutions identified by consensus point to a nascent acknowledgement of the strategic necessity to locate agricultural economic activity within social and environmental spheres.This paper demonstrates the need to establish transdisciplinary multi-actor work-schemes to continue collaboration and research for the transition to an agro-ecological model as a means to remain competitive and to create value.

Artemia cyst production in salt pans of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Hong Van Nguyen ◽  
Van Hoa Nguyen ◽  
Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Cyst Production ◽  
Salt Pans ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
Artemia Cyst ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Local Farmers

Abstract The Mekong Delta in south Vietnam has a long coastline with the provinces of Ben Tre, Kien Giang, Long An, Minh Hai, Soc Trang, Tien Giang and Tra Vinh. Traditional salt production is the major source of income for most of the local farmers who live along the coastline, despite the low and unstable price of salt. The introduction of Artemia (brine shrimp) from San Francisco Bay, USA, into the Mekong Delta salt pans, especially in Soc Trang and Bac Lieu provinces, opened a new trend in diversification of aquaculture species to create a better income source for local farmers. In Bac Lieu and Soc Trang provinces, Artemia cyst production is the preferred activity. Normally, they are stocked in salt pans from crystallizer to evaporation areas, even in reservoir areas where the salinity can be maintained at more than 70 ppt. The culture period lasts 5-6 months in the dry season and yields vary from 40 to 150 kg cysts ha-1(in wet weight) per crop, depending on locality, culture technique, and experience of Artemia farmers.

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