scholarly journals Metabolic balance of zinc, copper, cadmium, iron, molybdenum and selenium in young New Zealand women

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion F. Robinson ◽  
Joan M. McKenzie ◽  
Christine D. Thompson ◽  
Anita L. Van Rij
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Urinary Output ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Metabolic Balance ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

1. Metabolic balance studies of zinc, copper, cadmium, iron, molybdenum and selenium were made on four young New Zealand women, using brilliant blue and chromic oxide as faecal markers.2. Zn, Cu, Cd and Fe concentrations in foods, faeces and urine were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, whereas Mo was determined spectrophotometrically with dithiol and Se fluorimetrically with diaminonaphthalene.3. The dietary intakes of Zn, Cu and Fe were similar to those reported in the USA and the UK, whereas those of Cd, Mo and Se were less. The subjects ate a diet consisting of foods normally consumed by New Zealand women.4. For each subject there was little variation in the urinary output of each element for three 6 d periods. Day-to-day variation was small for each subject. The individual variation in urinary output of each element among the subjects was smaller when expressed as a ratio of intake, except for Mo.Retentions were small for Zn, Cu and Fe, all elements which are poorly absorbed. Balances of Se, Mo and possibly Cd were in equilibrium.

scholarly journals Impact of Ownership Structure on Bank Profitability in Nigeria

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
Uhomoibhi Aburime Toni
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Finance Theory ◽  
Political Economic

Ownership structure is considered an important factor that affects a firm’s health. If ownership structure affects a firm’s health, it is possible then to use the ownership structure to predict firm profitability. Against this backdrop, this paper analyzes the relationship between ownership structure and bank profitability in Nigeria. There are two motivations for this paper. Firstly, midway into the banks consolidation exercise in Nigeria, the CBN identified the need for a determination of the most appropriate composition of bank capitalization that would enhance the individual and systemic profitability and efficiency of banks in Nigeria post-consolidation. Hence, it decided to minimize state governments’ investment in banks during the exercise and also issued a December 2007 ultimatum to all tiers of governments that have stakes in banks to dilute their investments to a maximum of 10 per cent. Unfortunately, the CBN did not state any econometrically-based rationale giving credence to its directives. Secondly, the effect of ownership structure and concentration on a firm’s performance is an important issue in the literature of finance theory. However, no researcher has studied this important aspect of finance theory in the Nigerian context. It is worth noting that most research on ownership structure and firm performance has been dominated by studies conducted in developed countries. However, there is an increasing awareness that theories originating from developed countries such as the USA and the UK may have limited applicability to emerging markets. Emerging markets have different characteristics such as different political, economic and institutional conditions, which limit the application of developed markets’ empirical models.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation and change trends for quit smoking: evidence from Internet search engine query data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Dingtao Hu ◽  
Xiaoqi Lou ◽  
Nana Meng ◽  
Qiaomei Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background: The outcomes of smoking have generated considerable clinical interest in recent years. Although people from different countries are more interested to the topic of quit smoking during the winter, few studies have tested this hypothesis. The current study aimed to quantify public interest in quit smoking via Google.Methods: We use Google Trends to obtain the Internet search query volume for terms relating to quit smoking for major northern and southern hemisphere countries in this research. Normally search volumes for the term “quit smoking + stop smoking + smoking cessation” were retrieved within the USA, the UK, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia from January 2004 to December 2018. Seasonal effects were investigated using cosinor analysis and seasonal decomposition of time series models.Results: Significant seasonal variation patterns in those search terms were revealed by cosinor analysis and demonstrated by the evidence from Google Trends analysis in the representative countries including the USA (pcos = 2.36×10-7), the UK (pcos < 2.00×10-16), Canada (pcos < 2.00×10-16), Ireland (pcos <2.00×10-16) ,Australia (pcos = 5.13×10-6) and New Zealand (pcos = 4.87×10-7). Time series plots emphasized the consistency of seasonal trends with peaks in winter / late autumn by repeating in nearly all years. The overall trend of search volumes, observed by dynamic series analysis, declined from 2004 to 2018.Conclusions: The preliminary evidence from Google Trends search tool showed a significant seasonal variation and decreasing trend for the RSV of quit smoking. Our novel findings in smoking cessation epidemiology need to be verified with further studies, and the mechanisms underlying these findings must be clarified.

Strategie Management in Eleven National Libraries: A Report on a Research Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
National Libraries

In 1996 the national libraries of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Malaysia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, the UK and the USA took part in a study of their experiences with strategic management. A literature review had identified 15 key aspects of strategic management. Respondents were asked their views of the importance of each aspect, and how satisfied they were with the library's achievement of it. In every case the importance attached to the aspect was greater than the library's satisfaction with achievement. Each library was also asked to nominate from a checklist the reason or reasons why it had produced its first strategic document. The centrality of the digital information environment to the core functions of national libraries has been highlighted by the study.

Conscientious Objection and the Politics of Cake-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-349
Author(s):  
Richard Moon
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Religiously Based

Abstract In two recent cases, one in the USA and the other in the UK, courts have considered conscientious objection claims made by cake bakers who objected to providing a cake for the celebration/advocacy of same-sex marriage. I will argue that the issue in these cases is not the reasonable balance between the individual’s religious interests and the interests or rights of others in the community but is instead whether the individual’s religiously based objection should be viewed as an expression of personal religious conscience or as a (religiously grounded) civic position or action that falls outside the scope of religious freedom protection. In determining whether a conscientious objection should be viewed as a personal/spiritual matter or instead as a civic/political position, two factors are relevant. The first is whether the individual is being required to perform the particular act (to which she/he objects) because she/he holds a special position not held by others. The other factor is the relative remoteness/proximity of the act that the objector is required to perform from the act that she/he considers to be inherently immoral. The more remote the legally required action, the more likely we are to regard the objection as a political position.

The Impact of the Australian Bibliographic Network on Australian Libraries

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Ralli
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
Director General ◽  
National Library ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Bibliographic Network ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relational Database Management

From its small beginnings in 1981 of six pilot users and the National Library of Australia (NLA), the Australian Bibliographic Network (ABN) has grown to be a truly national system, with 1,315 users at May 1995. The National Bibliographic Database has expanded to over 11 million records and 22 million holdings statements. It includes records from the USA, the UK, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore and Vietnam. It has come to be the single union list of holdings of Australian libraries, and the first point of reference for the majority of interlibrary loan transactions. The ABN is seen as both an NLA business and a cooperative undertaking of Australian libraries. Management consists of a Network Committee, which advises the Director General of NLA on all aspects of operation, and a Standards Committee, whose role is to make recommendations to NLA on cataloguing standards for the network. Annual Users' Meetings are held. Since 1987 NLA has been developing a database host for Australian libraries called OZLINE, in parallel with ABN. In 1990 it was decided to go for complete redevelopment using a text retrieval product and an industry standard Relational Database Management System. Following discussions with the National Library of New Zealand, which had indicated broadly similar requirements, it was agreed that the two libraries would jointly seek a system. The Australian service is to be known in future as WORLD 1.

scholarly journals Metabolic balance of manganese in young women

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara E. McLeod ◽  
Marion F. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Balance ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Wet Digestion ◽  
Dry Ashing ◽  
Mn Concentrations

1. Metabolic balance studies of manganese were made on four young women, using brilliant blue and chromic oxide as faecal markers.2. Mn concentrations in food, faeces and urine were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.3. No difference in Mn concentrations was obtained between dry-ashing and wet-digestion for removal of organic matter from food or from faeces.4. Retentions of 0.05–0.46 mg Mn/d were obtained. Dermal and menstrual losses were not measured or allowed for.5. Unlike most other Mn balance studies reported, the retentions obtained were consistent with the accepted size and stability of the body pool of Mn in healthy adult subjects.

Seasonal variations and public search interests in Toxoplasma: a 16-year retrospective analysis of big data on Google Trends

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Su-Qin Jiang ◽  
Zi-Rong Zhong ◽  
Ting-Zheng Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Internet Search ◽  
Search Volume ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Search Data ◽  
Relative Search Volume ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background This study aims to understand whether there is a seasonal change in the internet search interest for Toxoplasma by using the data derived from Google Trends (GT). Methods The present study searched for the relative search volume (RSV) for the search term ‘Toxoplasma’ in GT within six major English-speaking countries (Australia, New Zealand [Southern Hemisphere] and Canada, Ireland, the UK and the USA [Northern Hemisphere] from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2019, utilizing the category of ‘health’. Data regarding the RSV of Toxoplasma was obtained and further statistical analysis was performed in R software using the ‘season’ package. Results There were significantly seasonal patterns for the RSV of the search term ‘Toxoplasma’ in five countries (all p&lt;0.05), except for the UK. A peak in December–March and a trough in July–September (Canada, Ireland, the UK and the USA) were observed, while a peak in June/August and a trough in December/February (Australia, New Zealand) were also found. Moreover, the presence of seasonal patterns regarding RSV for ‘Toxoplasma’ between the Southern and Northern Hemispheres was also found (both p&lt;0.05), with a reversed meteorological month. Conclusions Overall, our study revealed the seasonal variation for Toxoplasma in using internet search data from GT, providing additional evidence on seasonal patterns in Toxoplasma.

scholarly journals Voice and resistance: Coalminers’ struggles to represent their health and safety interests in Australia and New Zealand 1871–1925

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Walters ◽  
Michael Quinlan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Regulatory Oversight ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

The activism of coalmining unions in Australia, the UK, the USA and elsewhere securing improvements in safety including better legislation in the 19th and 20th centuries, has been widely researched and acknowledged. However, a relatively neglected aspect of this history was a campaign to secure worker inspectors (check-inspectors). These began in coalmining a century before similar measures were introduced for workers more generally as part of overhauling occupational health and safety laws in the 1970s/1980s. We document this struggle for mine safety in Australia and New Zealand, and the activities of check-inspectors in the period to 1925. Notwithstanding strong opposition from coal-owners and conservative governments, check-inspectors played an important role in safeguarding coalminers and improving the regulatory oversight of coalmines. Check-inspectors not only gave coalminers a ‘voice’ in OHS, but they also provided an exemplar of the value and legitimacy of worker’s ‘knowledge activism’. This system remains. Furthermore, the struggle is relevant to understanding contemporary debates about collective worker involvement in occupational health and safety. JEL Codes: J28, J51, J81

scholarly journals Seasonal variation and change trends for quit smoking: evidence from Internet search engine query data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingtao Hu ◽  
Xiaoqi Lou ◽  
Nana Meng ◽  
Qiaomei Xie ◽  
Man Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background: The outcomes of smoking have generated considerable clinical interest in recent years. Although people from different countries are more interested in the topic of quit smoking during the winter, few studies have tested this hypothesis. The current study aimed to quantify public interest in quitting smoking via Google.Methods: We use Google Trends to obtain the Internet search query volume for terms relating to quit smoking in major northern and southern hemisphere countries in this research. Normally search volumes for the term “quit smoking + stop smoking + smoking-cessation” were retrieved within the USA, the UK, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia from January 2004 to December 2018. Seasonal effects were investigated using cosinor analysis and seasonal decomposition of time series models.Results: Significant seasonal variation patterns in those search terms were revealed by cosinor analysis and demonstrated by the evidence from Google Trends analysis in the representative countries including the USA (pcos = 2.36×10-7), the UK (pcos < 2.00×10-16), Canada (pcos < 2.00×10-16), Ireland (pcos <2.00×10-16) ,Australia (pcos = 5.13×10-6) and New Zealand (pcos = 4.87×10-7). Time series plots emphasized the consistency of seasonal trends with peaks in winter / late autumn by repeating in nearly all years. The overall trend of search volumes for quitting smoking, observed by dynamic series analysis, has declined from 2004 to 2018.Conclusions: The preliminary evidence from Google Trends search tool showed a significant seasonal variation and a decreasing trend for the RSV of quit smoking. Our novel findings in smoking-cessation epidemiology need to be verified with further studies, and the mechanisms underlying these findings must be clarified.

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