Inhibition of Fungal Metabolism of Some Organophosphorus Compounds by Piperonyl Butoxide

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2181-2183
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Uesugi ◽  
Osamu Kodama ◽  
Tadami Akatsuka
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Fungal Metabolism

RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES IN POPULATIONS OF FRANKUNIELLA OCCIDENTALIS (PERGANDE) (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) FROM GREENHOUSES IN THE NIAGARA REGION OF ONTARIO

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Broadbent ◽  
D.J. Pree
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Toxic Materials

AbstractResistance was documented in 1995 to commonly used organophosphorus, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides in populations of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), from six commercial greenhouses in Ontario. Adult female thrips were placed in glass vials treated with technical-grade insecticides and mortality at 18 h was compared with a single discriminating concentration, the computed LC99 of a reference laboratory population. Baseline dose–response regressions for insecticides commonly used in Ontario greenhouses were obtained for the laboratory population of western flower thrips. The organophosphorus compounds chlorpyrifos and malathion and the carbamates methomyl and bendiocarb were the most toxic materials tested; whereas the pyrethroid deltamethrin and a phosphoroamidate acephate were the least toxic. The addition of piperonyl butoxide to solutions of deltamethrin was highly synergistic. The mixture of deltamethrin and endosulfan (1:1) was moderately synergistic. Populations of western flower thrips from commercial greenhouses were resistant to deltamethrin, but deltamethrin mixed with piperonyl butoxide or endosulfan was synergistic in all cases. None of the populations were resistant to all of the insecticides tested. Recommendations are presented for the development of a resistance-management strategy for western flower thrips.

Organophosphorus resistance in the sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae): a genetic study incorporating synergists

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Esterase Inhibitor

AbstractPre-treatment of females of Lucilia cuprina (Wied.) with the synergist piperonyl butoxide increased the resistance factors of an organophosphorus-resistant strain Q to four organophosphates in comparison to the susceptible strain LS. However, pre-treatment with S,S,S-tributylphosphorothrithioate (TBPT) reduced the resistance factors of Q to three organophosphorus insecticides. As TBPT is an esterase inhibitor, it is suggested that esterases contribute to resistance in the Q strain. Resistance to diazinon in the Q strain is due to a single, partially-dominant gene on chromosome 4. By the use of the backcross and discriminating dose technique, resistance to parathion, fenitrothion, chlorfenvinphos and fenitro-oxon (dimethyl 3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphate) (the latter two were synergised by piperonyl butoxide to obtain a genetically discriminating dose) was also shown to be controlled by a single, partially-dominant gene on chromosome 4. It is concluded that this gene confers resistance to organophosphorus compounds in L. cuprina, probably by providing an esterase with enhanced ability to degrade organophosphates.

Effects of piperonyl butoxide on insecticidal potency

1963 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Hadaway ◽  
F. Barlow ◽  
J. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Isobutyl Ketone ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
High Degree

The effects of piperonyl butoxide on the toxicity to adult mosquitos (Anopheles stephensi List, and Aedes aegypti (L.)) and house-flies (Musca domestica L.) of pyrethrins, two synthetic pyrethroids, three organophosphorus compounds and their oxygen analogues, and three carbamates (Sevin, and both 3-isopropylphenyl and 3,5-di-isopropylphenyl N-methylcarbamate) were determined quantitatively. Solutions, in di-isobutyl ketone, containing insecticide alone and insecticide/ piperonyl butoxide mixtures in the proportion of 1:10 were applied topically to individual insects.A high degree of synergism was obtained only with natural pyrethrins and carbamates and house-flies, and the effect on the toxicity of these insecticides to adult mosquitos was much less pronounced. Insecticidal potency of the synthetic pyrethroids allethrin and dimethrin was influenced less than that of natural pyrethrins.Piperonyl butoxide antagonised the action of malathion in M. domestica, and to a slight extent in A. stephensi, but increased the toxicity of malathion and malaoxon to Ae. aegypti. It had little effect on the potency of diazinon and parathion and their oxygen analogues (diazinoxon and paraoxon) with the exception that it increased the toxicity of diazinon and diazinoxon to Ae. aegypti.The results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that piperonyl butoxide inhibits detoxification in insects. From a practical point of view, they suggest that no great advantages would be derived from the addition of piperonyl butoxide to formulations of organophosphorus compounds and carbamates used for residual contact action against adult mosquitos.

The susceptibility of tsetse flies to topical applications of insecticides. II.—Young adults of Glossina morsitans Westw. and organophosphorus compounds, pyrethrins and Sevin

1961 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Topical Applications

SummarySolutions of six organophosphorus compounds, Sevin, and pyrethrins (alone or synergised with piperonyl butoxide) were applied by microburette in drops of constant volume (0·0216 μl.) to the dorsum of the thorax of young adults of Glossina morsitans Westw., 2–5 days old that had taken their first blood-meal the previous day. The solvents used were decalin (decahydronaphthalene), toluene and lighting kerosene, respectively.Malathion, methyl-parathion, DDVP (dichlorvos) and Sevin were eliminated in preliminary tests as insufficiently toxic. Muscatox (coumaphos) was reasonably toxic but not readily soluble and was therefore not considered further. Diazinon and Baytex (fenthion) were fully evaluated; the former was about as lethal as DDT, the latter as γ BHC (LD50 about 0·004 μg.). The LD50 of diazinon for males (0·0115 μg.) was significantly smaller than that for females (0·016 μg.) but the LD95 was much the same for both sexes.Pyrethrins were about equitoxic with dieldrin (LD50, 0·002 μLg.); when synergised with 15 parts of piperonyl butoxide to one of pyrethrins the LD50 for males was reduced to less than half this value, and there was a significant difference in susceptibility of the sexes, the LD50 for females being 1·4 times that for males. However, the slopes of the regression lines were such that at LD95 the difference between synergised and plain pyrethrins was too small to be of any practical use.These results show that, judged by innate toxicity to young flies, none of these insecticides can compete with dieldrin or Telodrin for practical control, although Baytex is a useful reserve should Glossina acquire resistance to chlorinated hydrocarbons.

The Scientific Basis for the Prevention of Zooanthroponoze Vector-Borne Diseases Spread by Parasitic Arthropods of the Center of the East European Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Fedor I. Vasilevich ◽  
Anna M. Nikanorova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region

The purpose of the research is development of preventive measures against zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases spread by parasitic arthropods in the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. The subject of the research was Ixodidae, mosquitoes, and small mammals inhabiting the Kaluga Region. The census of parasitic arthropods was carried out on the territory of all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga. Open natural habitat and human settlements were investigated. Weather conditions from 2013 to 2018 were also taken into account. For the purposes of the study, we used standard methods for capturing and counting arthropods and mouse-like rodents. In order to obtain mathematical models of small mammal populations, a full factorial experiment was conducted using the collected statistical data. In-process testing of the drug based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide were carried out under the conditions of the agricultural collective farm “Niva” of the Kozelsky District, the Kaluga Region, and LLC “Angus Center of Genetics” of the Babyninsky District, the Kaluga Region. Results and discussion. In the Kaluga Region, two species of ixodic ticks are found, namely, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, which have two activity peaks. Mosquito may have 3-4 generations in a year in the Kaluga region. The most common mosquito species in the Kaluga Region are Aedes communis, Ae. (Och.) togoi and Ae. (Och.) diantaeus, Culex pipiens Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae) (Culex pipiens): Cx. pipiens f. pipiens L. (non-autogenic form) and Cx. p. f. molestus Fors. (autogenic form), which interbreed, and reproductively isolated in the Region. The developed mathematical models make it possible to quantify the risks of outbreaks of zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases without the cost of field research, and allow for rational, timely and effective preventive measures. Medications based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide and based on cyfluthrin showed high insecto-acaricidal efficacy and safety.

FEATURES OF ORGANOPHOSPHATES IMMOBILIZATION VIA STREPTAVIDIN-BIOTIN SYSTEM FOR EXPERIMENTS ON SELECTION OF APTAMERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
D. A. Belinskaya ◽  
Yu. V. Chelusnova ◽  
V. V. Abzianidze ◽  
N. V. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Rna Aptamers ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Methods ◽  
Systematic Evolution ◽  
Exponential Enrichment ◽  
Selection Of

Poisoning with organophosphorus compounds occupy one of the leading places in exotoxicosis. At the first stage, the detoxification of organophosphates can be provided with the help of DNA or RNA aptamers that bind the poison in the bloodstream. Currently, the main method of searching for aptamers is the experimental method of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). In the process of aptamer selection, the target molecule must be immobilized via the streptavidin-biotin complex. Since the poison molecule is small in size, to increase its availability for binding to aptamer, it is necessary to use a spacer between organophosphorus compounds and biotin. The aim of this work was to optimize the selection of aptamers for organophosphorus compounds by increasing the availability of a poison molecule immobilized via the streptavidin-biotin complex on the example of paraoxon. For this purpose, three spacers between organophosphorus compounds and biotin were tested using molecular modeling methods: three links of polyethylene glycol (3-PEG), four links of polyethylene glycol (4-PEG) and aminohexyl. The conformation of the biotinylated paraoxon complex with streptavidin and the interaction of paraoxon with the binding fragment of the aptamer were modeled using molecular docking and molecular dynamics methods. The ability of biotinylated paraoxon to bind to the aptamer has been evaluated by analyzing the surface area of the paraoxon available to the solvent, as well as by calculating the free binding energies. It has been shown that only in the case of aminohexyl immobilized paraoxon can contact the aptamer. At the final stage, the synthesis of paraoxon bound to biotin via aminohexyl was carried out.

RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INITIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ATHEROGENIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN PERSONNEL OF CHEMICALLY HAZARDOUS FACILITIES

2017 ◽  
pp. 2-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Gorichny ◽  
D. Yu. Serdukov ◽  
A. V. Yazenok ◽  
A. V. Nosov ◽  
G. G. Zagorodnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
And Control ◽  
Statistical Analysis Methods

An outpatient examination of 530 employees engaged in work with chemical weapons related to organophosphorus compounds at chemically hazardous facilities was carried out. Risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases of atherogenic etiology among personnel of the facilities were studied in relation to the type of work performed using statistical analysis methods. When assessing the lipidogram, a high incidence of atherogenic dyslipidemia in a group of personnel involved in the storage of chemical weapons was found out in comparison with a group of people engaged in the destruction and control of chemical weapons (73.1 vs 61.2 vs 59.6%, p

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