Simultaneous Test Procedures for Multiple Comparisons on Categorical Data

1966 ◽  
Vol 61 (316) ◽  
pp. 1081-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Data ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Simultaneous Test

Prevalence of Hypersensitivity in Teeth Affected by Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH)

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Raposo ◽  
Ana Cristina de Carvalho Rodrigues ◽  
Érica Negrini Lia ◽  
Soraya Coelho Leal
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Data ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
New Criterion

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypersensitivity in molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH)-affected molars through a census carried out in 8-year-old schoolchildren. Methods: Examinations were conducted by a calibrated examiner, using the Nyvad criteria for caries diagnosis and a new criterion for MIH assessment. For hypersensitivity assessment, all MIH-affected molars were included. Nonaffected molars from the same child were used as controls. Air blast reaction was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale (SCASS) scale, while tactile hypersensitivity was scored using VAS only. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test for quantitative data. χ2 was used for the comparison of categorical data. Results: In total, 631 children were assessed, of whom 102 had MIH-affected molars (16.1%). Of these, 51.7 and 8.7% presented enamel and dentin carious lesions, respectively. Regarding the number of teeth, 239 molars were MIH affected (59.8%), with 188 (78.7%) being classified as mild (opacities only), 20 (8.4%) as moderate (posteruptive enamel breakdown), and 31 (13%) as severe (posteruptive breakdown involving dentin/atypical restorations). Hypersensitivity was recorded in only one control molar, while the prevalence of hypersensitivity in MIH-affected molars was 34.7%, being of low intensity and more prevalent in moderate (55%) and severe cases (51.6 %) than in mild cases (29.8%, p = 0.008). An association between hypersensitivity and the presence of mild and moderate cases was observed. Although the same association was observed for severe cases, it was not considered a reliable information as 90% of the MIH-affected molars with posteruptive breakdown involving dentin were affected by carious lesions. It is known that dental caries is a confounding factor for the presence of hypersensitivity. Conclusions: Hypersensitivity was significantly higher in MIH-affected molars than in nonaffected molars, being associated with MIH teeth presenting opacities and posteruptive enamel breakdown.

Structure and Affinities of Freshwater Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Populations

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1708-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Brussard ◽  
Marjorie Collings Hall ◽  
Janet Wright
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Simultaneous Test ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Starch Gel

We have examined genetic differentiation at 23 loci in 12 populations of sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, by means of starch gel electrophoresis. Based on two measures of overall genetic distance and two clustering methods, our analysis shows that there are three genetically distinct groups of lamprey in eastern North America: (1) anadromous populations plus those in Lake Champlain, (2) populations in Lake Erie and the upper Great Lakes, and (3) populations in Lake Ontario and three interior New York Lakes (Cayuga, Seneca, and Oneida). Analysis of population subdivision using contiguity partitions and simultaneous test procedures (STP) confirms the above conclusions and offers additional insight into the genetic structure of lamprey in this area.Key words: sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus; genetic variation, electrophoresis, population structuring

Simultaneous Multiple Comparison Procedures for Categorical Data

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Hall ◽  
Kevin D. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Categorical Data ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Multiple Comparison Procedures

Methods are outlined for performing simultaneous multiple comparisons between groups when the dependent variable is one in which subjects are assigned to one of two or more categories. These methods provide tests which are analogous to Scheffe- and Bonferroni-adjusted tests of contrasts in the analysis of variance. Examples are provided of each of these procedures.

scholarly journals CAN Algorithm: An Individual Level Approach to Identify Consequence and Norm Sensitivities and Overall Action/Inaction Preferences in Moral Decision-Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanjun Liu ◽  
Jiangqun Liao
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Data ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Statistical Conclusion

Recently, a multinomial process tree model was developed to measure an agent’s consequence sensitivity, norm sensitivity, and generalized inaction/action preferences when making moral decisions (CNI model). However, the CNI model presupposed that an agent considers consequences—norms—generalized inaction/action preferences sequentially, which is untenable based on recent evidence. Besides, the CNI model generates parameters at the group level based on binary categorical data. Hence, the C/N/I parameters cannot be used for correlation analyses or other conventional research designs. To solve these limitations, we developed the CAN algorithm to compute norm and consequence sensitivities and overall action/inaction preferences algebraically in a parallel manner. We re-analyzed the raw data of the original CNI model to test the methodological predictions. Our results demonstrate that: (1) the C parameter is approximately equal between the CNI model and CAN algorithm; (2) the N parameter under the CNI model approximately equals N/(1 − C) under the CAN algorithm; (3) the I parameter and A parameter are reversed around 0.5 – the larger the I parameter, the more the generalized inaction versus action preference and the larger the A parameter, the more overall action versus inaction preference; (4) tests of differences in parameters between groups with the CNI model and CAN algorithm led to almost the same statistical conclusion; (5) parameters from the CAN algorithm can be used for correlational analyses and multiple comparisons, and this is an advantage over the parameters from the CNI model. The theoretical and methodological implications of our study were also discussed.

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