Hypomineralized Primary Teeth in Preterm Low Birth Weight Children and Its Association with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization—A 3-Year-Prospective Study

The present prospective study was conducted to assess the prevalence of enamel hypomineralization (EH) in primary dentition among preterm low birth weight (PT-LBW) children, incidence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the same cohorts, and to determine associations between PT-LBW, hypomineralization in primary second molars, and MIH. A total of 287 PTLBW study subjects and 290 control full-term normal birth weight subjects were followed up for 36 months. Enamel defects were recorded at baseline. The same cohorts were examined after 3 years for MIH using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. Multiple variable logistic regression models were developed. A total of 279 children (48.4%) presented with EH in primary dentition and 207 (35.9%) children presented with MIH. Children with primary second molar hypomineralization had 2.13 (R2 = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.98–4.19, p = 0.005) times higher frequency of MIH. Children with PT-LBW had 3.02 times (R2 = 0.31, 95% CI = 1.01–5.94, p = 0.005) higher frequency of MIH incidence after adjusting for childhood infection, prenatal history, and presence of hypomineralized primary second molars. To conclude, the present study showed significant association between PT-LBW, hypomineralized second primary molars, and incidence of MIH.

Knowledge, perceptions, and clinical experience regarding Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization among a group of general dental practitioners, pediatric dentists, and other dental specialists in Egypt: a cross-sectional study

Background Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a prevalent clinical condition which is associated with a high burden of disease. The present study aimed to assess and compare the knowledge, perceptions, and clinical experience of general dental practitioners (GDPs), pediatric dentists (PDs), and other dental specialists (DSs) in Egypt about MIH. Methods Online and paper-based survey administration methods were used to collect the responses from Egyptian dentists regarding their knowledge, and perceptions about MIH. The survey tool focused on participants’ socio-demographics, clinical experience, perceptions, clinical management, and preferences for further training. The level of knowledge regarding MIH was compared among the three groups. Data analysis utilized Chi-square and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test using SPSS® Statistics Version 26. Results The majority of respondents had observed MIH in their practice (86%). The participants who had a postgraduate degree had a significantly higher knowledge score value (51.01 ± 5.74) than GDPs (43.05 ± 7.04) (p < 0.001). PDs (51.13 ± 4.76) had a significantly higher knowledge score value than other DSs (50.91 ± 6.46) (p < 0.001). Conclusions Dissemination of evidence on MIH to dental practitioners especially to GDPs is highly needed to assure confidence in MIH diagnosis at an early stage when it can be best managed.

The prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative defect of enamel of unknown etiology, affecting one or more permanent molars and may include incisors. This condition is a clinical challenge and its prevalence is still uncertain given the recent increase in research. Thus, we aimed to comprehensively estimate the overall prevalence of MIH and associated characteristics. This systematic review is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). We searched articles using PubMed, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS and TRIP databases, until July 2021. Heterogeneity and publication bias were computed via I2 test statistics and Egger’s significance test, respectively. Random-effects meta-analysis of prevalence were processed. We used the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy [SORT] to grading the strength of evidence. Overall, 116 observational studies were included, with one study with moderate methodological quality and the remaining of high methodological quality. Subgroup analysis confirmed an influence of not using the 2003 MIH case definition (p = 0.0066). The pooled prevalence of MIH was 13.5% (95% CI 12.0–15.1, I2 = 98.0%). Affected incisors were seen in 36.6% (95% CI 30.0–43.7, I2 = 92.5%) of the cases. Lastly, the prevalence of hypomineralization of the second primary molars was observed in 3.6% of the MIH cases (95% CI 1.9–6.8, I2 = 96.3%). America was the continent with highest prevalence (15.3, 95% CI 12.8–18.3, p < 0.001, I2 = 96.3%) and Asia had the lowest prevalence (10.7, 95% CI 8.5–13.5, p < 0.001, I2 = 98.7%), however no continental differences were found. Sample size and year of publication were slight contributing factors to the heterogeneity in the analysis. Overall, these results were classified with a SORT A recommendation.

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization from Inception to Intervention–Evidence Based Review

Background: Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is considered a highly prevalent clinical problem worldwide. The etiology of MIH involves a complex interaction between systemic and environmental insults with possible genetic contribution. Early diagnosis is facilitated by collaboration between clinicians responsible for oral health management of the patient and is the key for enhancing the long-term prognosis and quality of life of affected children. MIH management is a formidable oral health challenge due to the wide spectrum of clinical presentation with the need for tailored treatment for the child affected by MIH condition. Objective: To provide dental practitioners with an updated and evidence-based overview of MIH etiology, diagnosis, and treatments modalities available for its management. Conclusion: In this review, recent clinical evidence on MIH etiology, diagnosis and treatment is presented. Given recent availability of sophisticated technologies there is an increasing number of treatment modalities now at the fingertips of all oral health clinicians alike, ranging from preventive measures, management of hypersensitivity to advanced restorative techniques. The tailored treatment plan should encompass a short and long-term approach requiring more frequent dental check-ups in order to achieve better outcomes and prognosis. Future translational clinical research to best practice that will enhance our understanding of the exact causes of MIH and allow development of standardized diagnostic criteria as well as optimal treatment strategies are warranted.

Molar-incisor hypomineralization and dental caries: A hierarchical approach in a populational-based study

The last couple of decades has seen an increasing interest in molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) studies. Hypomineralized defects can have several consequences such as hypersensitivity, increased dental plaque accumulation, and consequently higher caries risk. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MIH and its association with dental caries in schoolchildren from a city in southern Brazil. A random cluster sample of schoolchildren was selected. Clinical examinations were carried out to collect information on MIH (following the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria), dental caries (using the DMF-T index) and gingivitis. Socioeconomic, demographic and behavior variables were collected using a standardized questionnaire answered by the children’s parents/caregivers. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson regression analysis with robust variance through a hierarchical approach (p<0.05). A total of 513 schoolchildren were included in the study. MIH and caries prevalence was 19.7% and 31.6%, respectively. The mean age was 11.6 (+1.9) years. Dental caries was more prevalent in children with MIH (PR 1.39; 95% CI 1.05 - 1.85). Older children and children whose families were enrolled in conditional cash transference programs (PR 1.97 95% CI 1.47 - 2.64), and children who did not have their mother or father as the head of the family (PR 1.56 95% CI 1.06 - 2.30) presented a higher prevalence of dental caries. Our findings suggest that children with MIH are more likely to have dental caries.