Effect of active resisted 30 m sprints upon step and joint kinematics and muscle activity in experienced male and female sprinters

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Roland van den Tillaar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Experienced Male

scholarly journals Muscle activity of cutting manoeuvres and soccer inside passing suggests an increased groin injury risk during these movements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Dupré ◽  
Julian Tryba ◽  
Wolfgang Potthast
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Eccentric Contraction ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Knee Joint Kinematics ◽  
Flexibility Training ◽  
Adductor Longus ◽  
Groin Injury

AbstractCutting manoeuvres and inside passing are thought to increase the risk for sustaining groin injuries. But both movements and cutting manoeuvres in particular have received little research attention in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activity of adductor longus and gracilis as well as hip and knee joint kinematics during 90° -cutting and inside passing. Thirteen male soccer players were investigated with 3D-motion capturing and surface electromyography of adductor longus and gracilis while performing the two movements. Hip and knee joint kinematics were calculated with AnyBody Modelling System. Muscle activity of both muscles was significantly higher during the cutting manoeuvre compared to inside passing. Kinematics showed that the highest activity occurred during phases of fast muscle lengthening and eccentric contraction of the adductors which is known to increase the groin injury risk. Of both movements, cutting showed the higher activity and is therefore more likely to cause groin injuries. However, passing might also increase the risk for groin injuries as it is one of the most performed actions in soccer, and therefore most likely causes groin injuries through overuse. Practitioners need to be aware of these risks and should prepare players accordingly through strength and flexibility training.

Sex-Related Differences in Human Pain and Rat Afferent Discharge Evoked by Injection of Glutamate Into the Masseter Muscle

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 782-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Cairns ◽  
James W. Hu ◽  
Lars Arendt-Nielsen ◽  
Barry J. Sessle ◽  
Peter Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Muscle Afferents ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Jaw Muscle ◽  
Nociceptive Afferents

Animal studies have suggested that tissue injury–related increased levels of glutamate may be involved in peripheral nociceptive mechanisms in deep craniofacial tissues. Indeed, injection of glutamate (0.1–1 M, 10 μl) into the temporomandibular region evokes reflex jaw muscle responses through activation of peripheral excitatory amino acid receptors. It has recently been found that this glutamate-evoked reflex muscle activity is significantly greater in female than male rats. However, it is not known whether peripheral administration of glutamate, in the same concentrations that evoke jaw muscle activity in rats, causes pain in humans or activates deep craniofacial nociceptive afferents. Therefore we examined whether injection of glutamate into the masseter muscle induces pain in male and female volunteers and, since masseter afferent recordings were not feasible in humans, whether glutamate excites putative nociceptive afferents supplying the masseter muscle of male and female rats. Injection of glutamate (0.5 M or 1.0 M, 0.2 ml) into the masseter muscle of both men and women caused significantly higher levels of peak pain, duration of pain, and overall pain than injection of isotonic saline (0.2 ml). In addition, glutamate-evoked peak and overall muscle pain in women was significantly greater than in men. In rats of both sexes, glutamate (10 μl, 0.5 M) evoked activity in a subpopulation of masseter muscle afferents ( n = 36) that projected to the subnucleus caudalis, an important relay of noxious input from the craniofacial region. The largest responses to glutamate were recorded in muscle afferents with the slowest conduction velocities (2.5–5 m/s). Further, glutamate-evoked masseter muscle afferent activity was significantly greater in female than in male rats. These results indicate that glutamate injection into the masseter muscle evokes pain responses that are greater in women than men and that one possible mechanism for this difference may be a greater sensitivity to glutamate of masseter muscle afferents in females. These sex-related differences in acute experimental masseter muscle pain are particularly interesting given the higher prevalence of many chronic muscle pain conditions in women.

The Effects of a Weight Belt on Trunk and Leg Muscle Activity and Joint Kinematics During the Squat Exercise

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATTILA J. ZINK ◽  
WILLIAM C. WHITING ◽  
WILLIAM J. VINCENT ◽  
ALICE J. MCLAINE
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Leg Muscle

Lower Extremity EMG in Male and Female College Soccer Players during Single-Leg Landing

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Craig Garrison ◽  
Joe M. Hart ◽  
Riann M. Palmieri ◽  
D. Casey Kerrigan ◽  
Christopher D. Ingersoll
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Peak Knee

Context:Gender differences in muscle activity during landing have been studied as a possible contributing factor to the greater incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in women.Objective:To compare root-mean-square (RMS) electromyography (EMG) of selected lower extremity muscles at initial contact (IC) and at peak knee internal-rotation (IR) moment in men and women during landing.Design:Preexperimental design static-group comparison.Setting:Motion-analysis laboratory.Participants:16 varsity college soccer players (8 men, 8 women).Main Outcome Measures:EMG activity of the gluteus medius, lateral hamstrings, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris during landing.Results:When RMS EMG of all muscles was considered simultaneously, no significant differences were detected between genders at IC or at peak knee IR moment.Conclusion:Male and female college soccer players display similar relative muscle activities of the lower extremity during landing. Gender landing-control parameters might vary depending on the technique used to analyze muscle activity.

scholarly journals Altered joint kinematics and increased electromyographic muscle activity during walking in patients with intermittent claudication

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindy N.M. Gommans ◽  
Annemieke T. Smid ◽  
Marc R.M. Scheltinga ◽  
Frans A.M. Brooijmans ◽  
Emiel M.J. van Disseldorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Joint Kinematics

scholarly journals Comparison of development of step-kinematics of assisted 60 m sprints with different pulling forces between experienced male and female sprinters

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255302
Author(s):  
Roland van den Tillaar
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Step Velocity ◽  
Experienced Male ◽  
Pulling Forces ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
Training Impulse

The purpose of this study was to compare step-by-step kinematics of normal and assisted 60 m sprints with different loads in experienced sprinters. Step-by-step kinematics were measured using inertial measuring units (IMU) integrated with a 3-axis gyroscope and a laser gun in 24 national level male and female sprinters during a normal 60 m sprint and sprints with a 3, 4, and 5 kg pulling force. The main findings were that using increasing assisted loads resulted in faster 60 m times, as a result of higher step velocity mainly caused by longer step lengths in both genders and by shorter contact times in women. Men had longer step lengths, longer contact times, and shorter flight times than women. However, the assisted loads had a greater effect on women than on men, as shown by their larger decrease in sprint times. These time differences in gender were the result of more and longer duration increases in maximal step velocity with increasing assisted loads for women (70–80% of distance) than men (65–70% of distance). This was mainly caused by shorter contact times, and by more increased step lengths in women compared to men. In terms of practical application, it is notable that employing this approach, when using assisted loads can help athletes to reach higher step velocities and hold this for longer, which may be a training impulse to move the speed barrier upwards.

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