Before the Industrial Revolution: European Society and Economy, 1000–1700

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 198-199
Author(s):  
Frank Frankfort
2020 ◽  
pp. 225-244
Author(s):  
Irwan Supriadin J

The Andalusian Umayyad dynasty was a continuation of the Damascus Umayyad which was destroyed on the Iberian peninsula, the entry of Islam in Andalusia was first brought by the commander Tharif bin Malik at the suggestion of Musa bin Nushair to the Caliph al-Walid. After conquering Christian kingdoms in almost all regions of Andalusia, the rulers of the Umayyad dynasty focused their attention on the development of science and science which made big names like Ibn Rushd, Ibn Firnas and Ibn Hazm. The Andalusian rulers opened the palace doors as wide as possible for discussion activities, provided laboratories and made the palace a gathering place for art experts and writers from all over to pour works and artistic creations. The government's attention to scientists made Andalusia a beacon of civilization at a time when European society lived in darkness and ignorance. The progress that was made during the Umayyad Andalusian era which would later inspire the birth of the Renaissance era which was marked by the industrial revolution in Europe.


1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
John J. Contreni ◽  
Carlo M. Cipolla ◽  
Daniel Waley

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Henry Kamen ◽  
Carlo M. Cipolla ◽  
Hermann Kellenbenz

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Tainter ◽  
Temis G. Taylor

Abstract We question Baumard's underlying assumption that humans have a propensity to innovate. Affordable transportation and energy underpinned the Industrial Revolution, making mass production/consumption possible. Although we cannot accept Baumard's thesis on the Industrial Revolution, it may help explain why complexity and innovation increase rapidly in the context of abundant energy.


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