TYPHLINA BRAMINA(Daudin)—A COSMOPOLITAN ALL-FEMALE PARTHENOGENETIC SPECIES OF BLIND SNAKE

SummaryPhenology and parasitism of the scale insect, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), infesting Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae), were studied in Papagou area, in northeastern Athens, from June 2015 to June 2017. Coccus pseudomagnoliarum is a univoltine, viviparous, parthenogenetic species. It overwintered as settled 1st instar nymph on the shoots of the trees. The 2nd instar nymphs appeared between the beginning of April and the end of May, and the mature females were recorded from the beginning of May until the middle of June. The crawlers appeared between the middle of May and the middle of June and the 1st instar nymphs settled on the shoots at the end of May, where they remained during the whole summer period, winter, until the beginning of April next year. Parasitism of the scale was recorded between the beginning of May and the middle of May and reached a maximum rate of 35%. The recorded parasitoid species were Coccophagus shillongensis Hayat and Singh (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Coccophagus spp. and Metaphycus dispar (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae).

Download Full-text

Developmental deformities in the parthenogenetic lizard Cnemidophorus uniparens (Teiidae) and the "anomalous male" phenomenon

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z86-361 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (11) ◽

pp. 2418-2424 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Allen J. Billy

Keyword(s):

Sexual Differentiation ◽

Vertebral Column ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Bisexual Species ◽

Developmental Defects ◽

Unresolved Problem ◽

Parthenogenetic Species ◽

Parthenogenetic Female ◽

Lower Jaw ◽

Cnemidophorus Uniparens

Parthenogenetic species of lizard occasionally produce male progeny characterized by developmental defects and low viability. Production of anomalous males is an unresolved problem in sexual differentiation as parthenogenetic female lizards are expected to produce female offspring. The "anomalous male" phenomenon was examined by sexing nonviable embryos produced by the parthenogenetic whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus uniparens. Twenty-six deformed embryos were obtained; all were female except for three which did not possess gonads. Male embryos were not detected. Developmental deformities found in Cnemidophorus embryos included anophthalmia, micropthalmia, encephalocoele, hypoplasia of the lower jaw, head foreshortening, gastroschisis, and malformations of the vertebral column. Several embryos possessed a combination of defects. Four hypotheses are presented to account for production of anomalous males by reptilian parthenoforms. Three hypotheses involve production of sex-reversed males (genetic females). A fourth hypothesis asserts that anomalous males are derived from hybridization events between a female from a unisexual species and a male from a bisexual species. Of the four hypotheses, the hybridization hypothesis has the greatest utility in explaining production of anomalous males by parthenogenetic lizards.

Download Full-text

Oogenesis (Prophase 1 of Meiosis) and Mitotic Chromosomes of Parthenogenetic Species Darevskia armeniaca (Family Lacertidae)

Biology Bulletin ◽

10.1134/s1062359021030080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 274-280

Author(s):

L. A. Kupriyanova ◽

L. D. Safronova ◽

V. B. Sycheva ◽

F. D. Danielyan ◽

V. G. Petrosyan

Keyword(s):

Mitotic Chromosomes ◽

Parthenogenetic Species

Download Full-text

Cervidellus sonorensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Cephalobidae) from the desert of Anza-Borrego, CA, USA

Nematology ◽

10.1163/138855410x533653 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 607-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erik J. Ragsdale ◽

Manuel Mundo -Ocampo ◽

Daniel J. Bumbarger ◽

James G. Baldwin

Keyword(s):

Larrea Tridentata ◽

Creosote Bush ◽

Distinctive Features ◽

Parthenogenetic Species ◽

Male Individual ◽

Phylogenetic Hypotheses

Abstract Cervidellus sonorensis n. sp. is described from sand near the roots of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) from Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, CA, USA. It is distinguished from others in the genus by the combination of a greatly distended, guitar-shaped corpus and the morphology of the lips and labial probolae. Distinctive features include a large pharyngeal metacorpus with a double swelling, a knob-like ledge at the base of each labial probola and lips with five filamentous tines, the most apical of which are those closest to the primary axil. One male individual was discovered in this parthenogenetic species. Characters used to diagnose C. sonorensis n. sp. are not definitive with respect to other genera and are probably plesiomorphic or convergent in light of DNA-based phylogenetic hypotheses. The position of C. sonorensis n. sp. and morphologically close congeners in relation to species of Nothacrobeles and Paracrobeles is discussed.

Download Full-text

Description of Bursaphelenchus arthuroides sp. n. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), a second parthenogenetic species of Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937

Nematology ◽

10.1163/138855411x578365 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 51-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jianfeng Gu ◽

Jiangling Wang ◽

Jingwu Zheng

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Dorsal Part ◽

Species Status ◽

Lateral Field ◽

Middle Position ◽

Parthenogenetic Species ◽

Female Tail ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

Bursaphelenchus arthuroides sp. n. is described and figured from pine packaging wood originating in Brazil, and inspected in Ningbo harbour, P. R. China. The new species clearly belongs to the fungivorus group. It is characterised by four lines in the lateral field; spicules medium sized (15-17 μm), dorsal part distinctly sclerotised, with a high rounded condylus and a blunted pointed rostrum in the middle position, capitulum with a shallow depression, the posterior third of the dorsal limb ventrally bent, distal end broadly rounded without cucullus; the shape of the female tail conical and slim, posterior third distinctly ventrally bent with a finely pointed terminus; vulval lips slightly protruding but not forming a vulval flap and post-uterine sac extending for about half the vulva-anus distance. Species status is supported by ITS-RFLP patterns and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on partial LSU sequences, ITS1/2 and partial LSU sequences, which revealed that B. arthuroides sp. n. is closest to B. arthuri. Propagation tests also confirmed that the new species is parthenogenetic.

Download Full-text

Genetic homogeneity based on skin histocompatibility and the evolution and systematics of parthenogenetic Cnemidophorus laredoensis (Sauria: Teiidae)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z00-012 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 78 (6) ◽

pp. 895-904

Author(s):

Ramadan M Abuhteba ◽

James M Walker ◽

James E Cordes

Keyword(s):

Parental Species ◽

Skin Grafting ◽

Genetic Homogeneity ◽

Skin Grafts ◽

Clonal Structure ◽

Parthenogenetic Species ◽

High Level

The parthenogenetic whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus laredoensis of Texas and México was derived from one or more hybrids between the gonochoristic species Cnemidophorus gularis and Cnemidophorus sexlineatus. We analyzed clonal structure in C. laredoensis on the basis of histocompatibility reactions to reciprocal skin grafting. Individuals of C. laredoensis rejected skin grafts from both parental species and from a hybrid between C. gularis and an undescribed parthenogenetic species. One lizard initially identified as C. laredoensis was found to be a triploid C. laredoensis × C. gularis hybrid, based on its histocompatibility reactions. The hybrid accepted grafts from individuals of C. laredoensis; however, C. laredoensis rejected grafts from this and a second hybrid. Seventeen individuals of C. laredoensis from six sites located throughout the range of the species in Texas were fully histocompatible, based on a large number of reciprocal skin grafts. Only three individuals of C. laredoensis from three sites donated grafts to other individuals of the species, but they were unable to host all or most of the reciprocal grafts. The skin histo compatibility among 17 individuals of C. laredoensis from six widely separated geographic sites points to a high level of genetic homogeneity in the species due to clonal descent from one parthenogenetic C. gularis × C. sexlineatus hybrid. Unidirectional rejection of skin grafts by three lizards could be a result of postformational mutations within this lineage, though this suggestion is open to question. The name C. laredoensis should be restricted to populations in Texas and México that are diagnostically identical with the parthenogenetic species described from two sites in Laredo, Webb County, Texas, in 1973.

Download Full-text

Triploidy in Parthenogenetic Species of the Teiid Lizard, Genus Cnemidophorus

Science ◽

10.1126/science.149.3683.539 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 149 (3683) ◽

pp. 539-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

L. A. Pennock

Keyword(s):

Parthenogenetic Species

Download Full-text

POLYMORPHISM IN A CYCLIC PARTHENOGENETIC SPECIES: SIMOCEPHALUS SERRULATUS

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/84.3.631 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 631-637

Author(s):

M Yao Smith ◽

Alex Fraser

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Changes ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Genetic Homogeneity ◽

Laboratory Population ◽

Gametic Disequilibrium ◽

Polymorphic Loci ◽

Parthenogenetic Species ◽

Apomictic Parthenogenesis ◽

Isozyme Loci ◽

Electrophoretic Techniques

ABSTRACT A survey of sixteen isozyme loci using electrophoretic techniques was conducted for three isolated natural populations and one laboratory population of the cyclic parthenogenetic species, Simocephalus serrulatus. The proportion of polymorphic loci (33%-60%) and the average number of heterozygous loci per individual (6%-23%) in the three natural populations were found to be comparable to those found in most sexually reproducing organisms. Detailed analyses were made for one of these populations using five polymorphic loci. The results indicated that (1) seasonal changes in genotypic frequencies took place, (2) apomictic parthenogenesis does not lead to genetic homogeneity, and (3) marked gametic disequilibrium at these five loci was present in the population, indicating that selection acted on coadapted groups of genes.

Download Full-text

Description of two new species of the genus Cacopsylla Ossiannilsson, 1970 (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) from northern Fennoscandia recognized by morphology, cytogenetic characters and COI barcode sequence

Comparative Cytogenetics ◽

10.3897/compcytogen.v13i4.47395 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 367-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christina Nokkala ◽

Valentina G. Kuznetsova ◽

Veikko Rinne ◽

Seppo Nokkala

Keyword(s):

Tree Line ◽

Nucleotide Substitutions ◽

Sympatric Populations ◽

Bisexual Species ◽

Vaccinium Uliginosum ◽

Parthenogenetic Species ◽

Ledum Palustre ◽

Northern Fennoscandia ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Female Genital

Based on chromosomal, molecular and morphological analyses, two new Cacopsylla Ossiannilsson, 1970 species are described, C. lapponica S. Nokkala & Ch. Nokkala, sp. nov. and C. borealis S. Nokkala et Ch. Nokkala, sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Psylloidea). C. lapponica is a rare bisexual alpine species living on Vaccinium uliginosum Linnaeus, 1753 above tree line on northern hills, where it forms sympatric populations with C. myrtilli W. Wagner, 1947. So far, the species has been found in northern Finland, Utsjoki and Kilpisjärvi, and in northern Sweden, Abisko. The chromosome number in males is 2n = 12+X(0), characteristic of psyllids. The species is easily distinguished from C. myrtilli by its conspicuously smaller size mainly due to difference in wing size. Additional morphological differences are found in the length of antennae, female genital plates and male parameres. C. borealis, in turn, is a relatively common apomictic parthenogenetic species with 5n = 60 + XXXXX living on the same host plant, Ledum palustre Linnaeus, 1753, as C. ledi (Flor, 1861) and occasionally forming sympatric populations with it. No males have been recorded in C. borealis. Its distribution range reaches at least from northern Fennoscandia to Lake Baikal in the East. C. borealis can be distinguished from C. ledi by differences in the length and width of antennae, dark brown markings on the wing and female terminal structures. For molecular analysis, a 638 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene was sequenced. C. lapponica differs from the cohabitating C. myrtilli by 20 fixed nucleotide substitutions (uncor rected p-distance 3.13 %), while C. borealis differs from C. ledi by 21 fixed nucleotide substitutions (uncorrected p-distance 3.29 %). Molecular phylogeny construction (ML and BI) reveals two highly divergent clades, one comprising two bisexual species, C. lapponica and C. fraudatrix Labina & Kuznetsova, 2012, and the other clade comprising the parthenogenetic species C. borealis, C. myrtilli, and C. ledi. Within this clade, C. borealis is more closely associated with C. myrtilli than with C. ledi.

Download Full-text

A new species of Otiorhynchus from central Asia (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Fragmenta Entomologica ◽

10.4081/fe.2014.77 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 (1-2) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

Luigi Magnano ◽

Enzo Colonnelli

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Central Asia ◽

Surrounding Area ◽

The Caucasus ◽

Parthenogenetic Species ◽

Adjoining Area ◽

A New Species

is described and illustrated the parthenogenetic species Otiorhynchus (Eprahenus) cooteri sp. n. from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, close to the amphigonic O. aksudshabaglinus Bajtenov, 1974 from an adjoining area of Kazakhstan. The new species is allied with other central asiatic O. (Eprahenus), with all of which is shortly compared, whereas other members of the subgenus occurring in the Caucasus and surrounding area appear rather distantly related with the ones here considered. Otiorhynchus kasakhstanicus Arnoldi, 1964 is moved to O. (Zariedus) Reitter, 1912 from O. (Eprahenus) Reitter, 1912.

Download Full-text