HORMONAL INDUCED TRANSFORMATION OF THE TUBEROUS PURPLE NUTSEDGE (CYPERUS ROTUNDOS L.) INTO A TUBER-LESS PHENOTYPE

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Menahem Yogev ◽  
Baruch Rubin ◽  
Moshe Negbi
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Noxious Weed

Spraying benzyladenine and gibberellic acid over sprouting shoots of Cyperus rotundus L. did not adversely affect their aboveground development. However, the underground shoots (rhizomes) modified their potentially positive gravitropic growth response into a negative one, to become aboveground shoots. Under such conditions, virtually no tubers, the dominant propagating and perennating units of C. rotundus, were formed. Field experiments, where growth regulator treatments were followed by application of reduced rates of herbicide, open new possibilities to facilitate the control of this noxious weed.

Herbicide-Crop Rotation for Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Dale ◽  
J. M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Sida Spinosa

The feasibility of herbicide and crop rotation for the control of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.] in corn (Zea maysL.) was studied in field experiments. Light infestations of johnsongrass were initially present, but it became the predominant weed after 4 yr of continuous corn treated with atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamine)-s-triazine], cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile}, and linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], alone and in combinations at rates of 2.24, 2.24, and 0.84 kg/ha, respectively. The infestation of johnsongrass was effectively controlled by growing corn in rotation with cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) in a cropping sequence of corn-cotton-cotton-corn, in which trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] and MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) at 0.56, 2.24, and 2.24 kg/ha respectively, were used for weed control in cotton. In the corn-cotton-cotton-corn cropping sequence, the herbicide treatments also prevented increases in the populations of other indigeneous weeds including prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.), prostrate spurge (Euphorbia supinaRaf.), spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculataL.), common purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.), tall morningglory [Ipomoea purpurea(L.) Roth], common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), spurred anoda[Anoda cristata(L.) Schlecht.], hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn.], junglerice [Echinochloa colonum(L.) Link], large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.], and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.).

Managing Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Populations Utilizing Herbicide Strategies and Crop Rotation Sequences

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon S. Warren ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitor Combination

Field experiments were conducted in North Carolina from 1994 through 1998 to evaluate the effects of five weed management strategies and four corn (Zeamays)–peanut (Arachis hypogaea) rotation sequences on purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) population development. Effects of these weed management programs on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and peanut production in following years were also investigated. Herbicide programs included a nontreated control, a carbamothioate preplant incorporated (PPI) combination treatment utilizing vernolate in peanut and butylate in corn, an early postemergence (EPOST) acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor combination treatment utilizing imazapic in peanut and halosulfuron in corn, and EPOST treatments of imazapic and imazethapyr in both peanut and imidazolinone-resistant corn. Crop rotation sequences for the 3 yr included continuous corn (CCC), corn–peanut–corn (CPC), peanut–corn–peanut (PCP), and continuous peanut (PPP). The imazapic and ALS inhibitor combination treatments both provided excellent shoot and tuber control. After 3 yr, imazapic and the ALS inhibitor combination treatment reduced shoot and tuber population densities to less than 10% of the nontreated control. Imazethapyr provided variable but better control than the carbamothioate treatment with tuber densities (measured from 0 to 15 cm soil depth) and shoot densities increasing from 733 to 2,901 tubers/m3of soil and 16 to 43 shoots/m2, respectively, after 3 yr. Tuber densities increased in the nontreated control from 626 to 9,145 tubers/m3of soil and from 962 to 5,466 tubers/m3of soil in the carbamothioate treatment during this same period. Also, shoot densities increased in the nontreated control from 22 to 159 shoots/m2and from 8 to 92 shoots/m2in the carbamothioate treatment. There was a 31% peanut yield reduction from 1994 to 1996 when peanut was continuously planted or rotated to corn for only 1 yr. Herbicide carryover effects were not observed in cotton during 1997.

Survival and dormancy of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) tubers

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Neeser ◽  
Renan Aguero ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Tuber Dormancy ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
First Time ◽  
Effect Of Age

Survival and dormancy of purple nutsedge tubers has not been studied quantitatively. Yet this is fundamental to our understanding of the population dynamics of this highly noxious weed. Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of age on tuber survival and dormancy. A modified exponential decay function accurately described the age-dependent decline in tuber survival. This model is biologically meaningful, has good statistical properties, and can describe a wide range of responses. Tuber population half-life was 16 mo, and the predicted longevity (99% mortality) was 42 mo. Burial depth at 8 and 23 cm had no significant effect on survival or dormancy. Tuber dormancy increased with age. After 18 mo, the proportion of dormant tubers in the surviving population was two-and-one-half times higher than in the 3-mo-old population. We report for the first time that tubers were able to enter a state of secondary dormancy after sprouting. The finding that tubers persist after sprouting has important implications for population dynamics of this species. This is also the first report of tuber predation by the larvae of a billbug.

Bud Sprouting and Growth of Purple Nutsedge Altered by Benzyladenine

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris K. H. Teo ◽  
Leo E. Bendixen ◽  
Roy K. Nishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Bud Sprouting ◽  
Continuous Presence ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Varying concentrations of benzyladenine (BA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) were used to induce sprouting of dormant purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) tubers. BA at 50 to 300 ppm stimulated sprouting. The continuous presence of BA during the sprouting period was necessary to give significant sprout stimulation. Neither IAA at 1, 10, or 100 ppm; GA at 10, 100, or 1000 ppm; nor ethephon at 10, 100, or 1000 ppm had stimulatory effects on sprouting. ABA counteracted the stimulatory effects of BA when tubers were treated with ABA following BA treatment. Sprouting was markedly greater at 33 C day, 25 C night than at 24 C day, 17 C night. Growth of plants originating from tubers pretreated with 100 ppm BA did not differ significantly from the controls. Sustained BA applications at 100 and 200 ppm produced numerous plants with tuft-type growth habit, delayed flowering, and reduced the number of inflorescences. Numerous short, diageotropic rhizomes were produced.

Herbicidal Persistence in Soil and its Effect on Purple Nutsedge

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Waters ◽  
D. S. Burgis
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Soil Persistence ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Excellent Control

Two field experiments were conducted to determine the soil persistence, crop toxicity, and effectiveness of four herbicides in controlling purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). Excellent control of purple nutsedge was obtained with 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil) and good control was obtained with N-hydroxy-methyl-2,6-dichlorothiobenzamide. Both 3-iert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil (terbacil) and 5-bromo-3-teri-butyl-6-methyluracil were effective in controlling purple nutsedge, but maximum control was not obtained until 9 to 12 months after these chemicals were incorporated in the soil. Toxicity of all chemicals to beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, var. humilis L., Blue Lake), corn (Zea mays var. rugosa L., Golden Security), summer squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne, var. Yellow Crookneck), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill., var. Flora-del), and gladiolus (Gladiolus hortulanus Bailey, var. Friendship) increased as the rates were increased and decreased with time after treatment. Infestation of purple nutsedge from escaping tubers increased as the herbicidal persistence decreased.

scholarly journals Clomazone and oxyfluorfen for weed control in transplanted cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.)

1969 ◽  
Vol 81 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Nelson Semidey
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Two field experiments were conducted in 1992-93 and 1994 at Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico, to evaluate clomazone, oxyfluorfen, and prometryn as preplant herbicides in cabbage. After three weeks, clomazone (1.12 and 2.24 kg ai/ha), oxyfluorfen (0.28 and 0.56 kg ai/ha), and prometryn (2.0 and 4.0 kg ai/ha) reduced weed density by more than 67% and 90% in 1992-93 and 1994, respectively. At the lower rate, clomazone and oxyfluorfen caused 15% to 25% injury to cabbage when evaluated after three weeks, and 2% to 10% after six weeks. Prometryn caused more than 65% injury and reduced cabbage yield by more than 84%. Cabbage treated with clomazone at both rates and oxyfluorfen at 0.56 kg ai/ha produced yields similar to that of the handweeded check (39,980 kg/ha) in 1992-93. Interference to cabbage was caused mostly by purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in 1994.

scholarly journals Phenyl Isothiocyanate Performance on Purple Nutsedge under Virtually Impermeable Film Mulch

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Bangarwa ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Edward E. Gbur ◽  
John D. Mattice
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Phenyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Purple Nutsedge

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) is a troublesome weed in vegetable crops in the southern United States. Methyl bromide is widely used for effective purple nutsedge control in polyethylene-mulched vegetable crops. With the impending ban on methyl bromide in the United States, an effective alternative is needed. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of phenyl isothiocyanate (ITC) concentration and exposure period on purple nutsedge tuber viability and to compare the retention of phenyl ITC in soil under low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and virtually impermeable film (VIF) mulches. Additionally, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of phenyl ITC under VIF mulch against purple nutsedge. A phenyl ITC concentration of 676 ppm in soil for 3 days in a sealed environment reduced purple nutsedge tuber viability by 97% compared with a nontreated control. Phenyl ITC retention was higher in soil covered with VIF mulch than with LDPE mulch. The predicted half-life of phenyl ITC under LDPE and VIF mulch was 6.1 and 8.9 days, respectively. In field experiments, phenyl ITC at 1500 kg·ha−1 under VIF mulch suppressed purple nutsedge shoots and reduced viable tuber density ≥72%, but control was not as effective as methyl bromide at 390 kg·ha−1 (67% methyl bromide:33% chloropicrin). Therefore, phenyl ITC up to 1500 kg·ha−1 under a VIF mulch is not a viable alternative to methyl bromide for effective purple nutsedge control.

Gibberellic Acid Plus Cytokinins Induced Basal Bulbs of Purple Nutsedge Above Ground

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritchie S. Chetram ◽  
Leo E. Bendixen
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Surface Control

Benzyladenine (BA), kinetin, and gibberellic acid (GA) at concentrations of 6 × 10−4and 4 × 10−3M, respectively, were used to induce formation of basal bulbs above ground in rhizomes of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.). BA plus GA induced a tropistic response in all of the rhizomes and only above ground bulbs were produced, while kinetin plus GA induced a tropistic response and bulbs formed above and below the soil surface. Control plants as well as those treated with GA, kinetin, or BA produced underground bulbs and rhizomes but no bulbs above ground. Height of above ground secondary bulbs induced by kinetin plus GA was significantly greater than those induced by BA plus GA. Transformation of primary rhizomes to shoots in the control plants did not differ significantly from transformation of those originating from plants of the various treatments. Height of primary plants of all treatments differed significantly from the controls.

Competition Between Upland Rice and Purple Nutsedge for Nitrogen, Moisture, and Light

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Okafor ◽  
S. K. De Datta
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
International Rice Research Institute ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Field experiments were conducted on clay and clay loam soils at the International Rice Research Institute to investigate the effects of competition between upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) and varying populations of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) for nitrogen, moisture, and light on the grain yield of upland rice. ‘IR5’ was used in 1972, while the experimental line ‘IR442-2-58’ was used in 1973. Grain yields of ‘IR5’ and ‘IR442-2-58’ increased with 60 kg/ha of nitrogen, and decreased with increased purple nutsedge population. The application of nitrogen to weedy upland rice fields benefited the purple nutsedge more than the rice. Purple nutsedge and upland rice competed extensively for moisture and the competition was much more serious with increased nitrogen fertilization. Purple nutsedge competition reduced the light transmission ratio (LTR). The reduction was proportional to the increase in purple nutsedge population density. Reductions in the LTR were greater at higher nitrogen levels during the three seasons.

Influence of purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus)density and nitrogen rate on radish(Raphanus sativus)yield

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
Jose P. Morales-Payan ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Thomas A. Bewick
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Radish Root ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) supply and purple nutsedge population densities on the yield of radish. In the greenhouse studies, additive series with purple nutsedge densities of 0, 50, 100, 200 or 350 plants m−2were established. Nitrogen rates of 0, 110, 220, or 330 kg ha−1were provided to the potting medium. A significant density by N interaction was found for radish fresh weight. Within a given nutsedge density, radish yield decreased as N rate increased. In field studies, additive series of 0, 50, 100, 150, or 200 nutsedge plants m−2were established the same day radish was sown. Nitrogen rates were 100 or 200 kg ha−1. Marketable radish yield losses and nutsedge shoot dry weight and height were determined 30 d after seeding the crop. Nutsedge densities and N rates interactively influenced radish root yield. Radish yield loss reached 100% at nutsedge densities of 75 and 125 plants m−2at 200 and 100 kg N ha−1, respectively. Purple nutsedge produced larger shoot biomass as N increased from 100 to 200 kg ha−1. Results of both greenhouse and field studies showed that as N increased, the negative effect of the weed on the crop was enhanced.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document