Potential use and mode of action of the new strainBacillus thuringiensisUM96 for the biological control of the grey mould phytopathogenBotrytis cinerea

The use of Pichia membranifaciens CYC 1106 killer toxin against Botrytis cinerea was investigated. This strain exerted a broad-specificity killing action against other yeasts and fungi. At pH 4, optimal killer activity was observed at temperatures up to 20 °C. At 25 °C the toxic effect was reduced to 70 %. The killer activity was higher in acidic medium. Above about pH 4·5 activity decreased sharply and was barely noticeable at pH 6. The killer toxin protein from P. membranifaciens CYC 1106 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. SDS-PAGE of the purified killer protein indicated an apparent molecular mass of 18 kDa. Killer toxin production was stimulated in the presence of non-ionic detergents. The toxin concentrations present in the supernatant during optimal production conditions exerted a fungicidal effect on a strain of B. cinerea. The symptoms of infection and grey mould observed in Vitis vinifera plants treated with B. cinerea were prevented in the presence of purified P. membranifaciens killer toxin. The results obtained suggest that P. membranifaciens CYC 1106 killer toxin is of potential use in the biocontrol of B. cinerea.

Download Full-text

Classification and infection mechanism of entomopathogenic fungi

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000552015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Margy Alejandra Esparza Mora ◽

Alzimiro Marcelo Conteiro Castilho ◽

Marcelo Elias Fraga

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Insect Cuticle ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Intensive Research ◽

Infection Mechanism ◽

The World ◽

The Subject

ABSTRACT: Entomopathogenic fungi are important biological control agents throughout the world, have been the subject of intensive research for more than 100 years, and can occur at epizootic or enzootic levels in their host populations. Their mode of action against insects involves attaching a spore to the insect cuticle, followed by germination, penetration of the cuticle, and dissemination inside the insect. Strains of entomopathogenic fungi are concentrated in the following orders: Hypocreales (various genera), Onygenales (Ascosphaera genus), Entomophthorales, and Neozygitales (Entomophthoromycota).

Download Full-text

The potential use of Debaryomyces hansenii for the biological control of pathogenic fungi in food

Biological Control ◽

10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.03.002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 216-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Noé Medina-Córdova ◽

Sergio Rosales-Mendoza ◽

Luis Guillermo Hernández-Montiel ◽

Carlos Angulo

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Potential Use

Download Full-text

Is Phasmarhabditis papillosa (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) a possible biological control agent against the Spanish slug, Arion vulgaris (Gastropoda: Arionidae)?

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10063 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Žiga Laznik ◽

Ivana Majić ◽

Stanislav Trdan ◽

Antoinette P. Malan ◽

Annika Pieterse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

First Record ◽

Control Agent ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Arion Vulgaris ◽

Potential Use

Summary In the period from August to October 2018, 140 specimens of the Spanish slug, Arion vulgaris, were collected from Podbrezje, Slovenia. Slugs were dissected and examined for the presence of parasitic nematodes within the cadavers. Identification of the nematodes was conducted using morphological and molecular techniques and confirmed the presence of Phasmarhabditis papillosa. This is the first record of P. papillosa from the mollusc host, A. vulgaris. Laboratory experiments aimed at testing the efficacy of P. papillosa against A. vulgaris were conducted using nematodes grown in vivo. Nematodes were applied at concentration rates of 50, 100 and 200 nematodes slug−1, respectively. Three weeks following treatment, the mortality of slugs was confirmed in all treatments (50 nematodes slug−1, 37.4 ± 2.7%; 100 nematodes slug−1, 48.4 ± 2.7%; 200 nematodes slug−1, 50.6 ± 2.7%). However, the pathogenesis of P. papillosa was observed first in the treatments with the lowest nematode dose at 4 days after treatments, while a decrease in the feeding behaviour of slugs was noted first in the treatments with the highest nematode dose. Future opportunities for the potential use of P. papillosa as a biological control agent against slugs are discussed. This is the first report of P. papillosa from Slovenia, and of its virulence against A. vulgaris.

Download Full-text

Reproductive parasites: symbiotic bacteria for potential use in biological control.

Biological control programmes in Canada 2001-2012 ◽

10.1079/9781780642574.0043 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 43-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. D. Floate ◽

G. K. Kyei-Poku

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Symbiotic Bacteria ◽

Potential Use

Download Full-text

Clonostachys rosea to control plant diseases

10.19103/as.2021.0093.14 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 429-472

Author(s):

Dan Funck Jensen ◽

◽

Mukesh Dubey ◽

Birgit Jensen ◽

Magnus Karlsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Control Plant ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Bumble Bees ◽

Key Factors ◽

Clonostachys Rosea ◽

Protection Strategies ◽

Rhizosphere Competence ◽

Potential Use

The fungus Clonostachys rosea was recognized as an aggressive parasite on other fungi already in the late 1950s. Research into its potential use in biological control of plant diseases soon followed. Today, there are several commercial products based on C. rosea available for biocontrol applications worldwide. Although its mycoparasitic ability has attracted a lot of interest, C. rosea is now viewed as an ecological generalist whose lifestyle also includes plant endophytism, rhizosphere competence and polyphagous ability. Protocols for producing high amounts of C. rosea spores are available for both solid state and liquid fermentation. Low temperature and low moisture content are key factors that influence the shelf life of C. rosea propagules. Products based on C. rosea can be delivered to flowers using bumble bees, applied by spraying or as seed dressing or by incorporation into the soil. Clonostachys rosea is today an established factor in sustainable plant protection strategies.

Download Full-text

The family Bombyliidae in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Diptera: Brachycera: Asiloidea)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4590.1.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4590 (1) ◽

pp. 59 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MAGDI S. EL-HAWAGRY ◽

HATHAL M. AL DHAFER

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Saudi Arabian ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Old World ◽

The Family ◽

Potential Use

Bombyliidae, also known as "Bee flies", is one of the dipteran families that have species of potential use as biological control agents, as their larvae are predators or parasitoids of eggs, larvae, prepupae or pupae of other insects. The hosts of Bombyliidae are found within six orders of insects: Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Neuroptera, in addition to the arachnid order Araneae (Spiders). However, almost half of all host records are from bees and wasps (Hymenoptera). The present work provides a catalogue of bee flies (Family Bombyliidae) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Old World synonymies, type localities, world distributions by biogeographic realm(s) and country, Saudi Arabian localities and dates of collection are provided. A total of 116 species belonging to 40 genera, 12 tribes and 10 subfamilies has been catalogued. Hosts and/or habitat data, where known, are given under the proper genera and/or species. Colored photographs of some species are provided.

Download Full-text