Clearance rate in the venerid bivalveCallista chione (L)in response to endemic algal species and bacteria: effects of cell biovolume and body size

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 305-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Metaxatos ◽  
Lydia Ignatiades
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Cell Biovolume

Size Spectrum Theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-37
Author(s):  
Ken H. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predation Mortality ◽  
Size Preference

This chapter follows the size-structure of the entire marine ecosystem. It shows how the Sheldon spectrum emerges from predator–prey interactions and the limitations that physics and physiology place on individual organisms. How predator–prey interactions and physiological limitations scale with body size are the central assumptions in size spectrum theory. To that end, this chapter first defines body size and size spectrum. Next, it shows how central aspects of individual physiology scale with size: metabolism, clearance rate, and prey size preference. On that basis, it is possible to derive a power-law representation of the size spectrum by considering a balance between the needs of an organism (its metabolism) and the encountered prey, which is determined by the spectrum, the clearance rate, and the size preference. Lastly, the chapter uses the solution of the size spectrum to derive the expected size scaling of predation mortality.

Habitat heterogeneity, body size and phenotypic diversity in Idotea granulosa (Isopoda) on the north-east coast of England

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Hull ◽  
L.J. Winter ◽  
G.W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
North East ◽  
Pattern Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Idotea Granulosa

Samples were collected from six pools in order to examine the distribution, body length, base colour and phenotypic diversity (chromatophore pattern) of Idotea granulosa populations on five different species of algae (Ceramium, Corallina, Chondrus, Fucus and Enteromorpha), on each of two shores. Holbeck (HOL) pools had significantly higher habitat heterogeneity in terms of algal species diversity than did those on the more exposed Filey Brigg (FB). Idotea densities were significantly higher and mean body size significantly smaller on Corallina than the other algal species. Isopods were significantly larger on Fucus. There was no significant difference in base colour frequencies between shores but there was a positive association between the brown base colour and Corallina and the green colour and Fucus.  The commonest chromatophore pattern morph was the granulosa-maculata that occurred in 44% of the isopods sampled and five out of ten chromatophore patterns accounted for <10% of the population. The uniformis morph was rare on both shores. There was no significant difference in chromatophore pattern frequency between the sexes. The lineata-maculata morph and maculata morphs showed a positive association with Corallina and Fucus respectively. There was a significant difference in chromatophore pattern frequency between adults and juveniles. The uniformis and maculata patterns occurred in higher frequencies than expected in the adult population whereas the reverse was true of the granulosa-maculata and lineata-maculata morphs.  A total of 85 different phenotypes were recorded from both shores, with 51 of these being exclusively found in HOL pools. Holbeck pools had a significantly higher isopod phenotypic diversity than did those from FB. There was no significant difference in phenotypic diversity between adult and juvenile Idotea at HOL, however juveniles had a significantly higher phenotypic diversity than did adults at FB. Overall, there was a significant positive correlation between rockpool algal diversity and isopod phenotypic diversity.

Decoration behaviour in a spider crab, Acanthonyx scutiformis (Dana, 1851) in relation to life stage, sex and algal species

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 775-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. P. de Carvalho ◽  
R. de O. Rodrigues ◽  
R. E. Barreto ◽  
Tânia Marcia Costa
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equal Probability ◽  
Spider Crab ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Increased Risk

In this study we evaluated the types of algae chosen for decorating by the spider crabAcanthonyx scutiformis(Dana, 1851) and determined whether decorating is more common in juvenile or adult crabs and in females or males (adult). In field observations we found that spider crabs in each age group or sex have an equal probability of being decorated. There were no differences in this behaviour between sexes in the laboratory. However, juvenile spider crabs engaged more in decoration behaviour than adult crabs in laboratory observations and decorated with the same algae that they used for decorating in nature. Thus, in conditions that represent an increased risk of predation, juvenile crabs have an increased need to attach algal fragments onto their carapaces, whereas the body size of adult spider crabs renders them less vulnerable to predators, thus reducing their need for decoration.

Adolescent Gender Differences in Weight, Activity, and Body-Size Perception

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith R. Mccalla ◽  
Katie E. Chipungu ◽  
Patrice G. Saab ◽  
Amanda J. Countryman ◽  
Erin N. Etzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Body Size Perception

Catabolism of Human Fibrinogen Fragment D in Normal Subjects and Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Ardaillou ◽  
Jeannine Yvart ◽  
Philippe Le Bras ◽  
Marie-José Larrieu
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Fractional Catabolic Rate ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Plasma Pool ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
Chloramine T

SummaryThe catabolism of human fragment D, (FgD), obtained by plasmin digestion of fibrinogen has been investigated in normal subjects and patients with liver cirrhosis and the results compared with those obtained for fibrinogen (Fg). Fg was labelled with I-125 and Fg D with I-131 using the chloramine T method. The plasma disappearance curves of both labelled proteins fitted a two exponential curve. In controls the plasma clearance rate of Fg D was greater than that of Fg as shown by the marked difference between the half-lives of these two tracers: 8,9 and 83,5 hours for Fg D and Fg respectively. The fractional catabolic rate of Fg D was 3.38 times the plasma pool per day. In nine patients with liver cirrhosis, catabolism of Fg was not modified. In contrast, catabolism of Fg D was significantly reduced with a half life of 13.0 hours and a low fractional catabolic rate. These results suggest the role of the liver in the catabolism of Fg D in man.

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MAKRO ALGA DI PESISIR PULAU KECAMATAN BULANG

SIMBIOSA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Notowinarto Notowinarto ◽  
Ramses Ramses ◽  
Mulhairi Mulhairi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
Important Value Index

Bulang districts Batam Islands of  Riau province (Riau Islands), its consists of many islands with as well as having the potential diversity of coastal marine life in particular kinds of macro algae or seaweed. Conducted research aimed to determine the structure of macro- algal communities in the intertidal zone islands. The results of the identification of algal species found 16 species are: the Order of Chlorophyceae as 6 spesies; Order Phaeophyceae as 2 spesies; and Order Rhodophyceae as 8 spesies. The community structure at the five stations showed the highest values were found in the island of dominance Cicir (D ' = 0.79) , uniformity index values on Tengah Island (E ' = 0.99) , while the island Balak had the highest diversity index (H ' = 0.88) , with the abundance patterns of population structure on the island is pretty good Central . Results of correlation analysis of regression between IVI types of algae with the conditions of environmental quality suggests that there is a significance (Fhit ˃ F table and the value of r = > 90 %) between IVI algae Halimeda sp and Cryptarachne polyglandulosa at each station with a temperature parameter surface (⁰C) , depth temperature (⁰C) and pH values. Keywords : Algae, Community Structure, Important Value Index.

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