Component Problems in Dichotic Listening

1977 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Potential Difficulty ◽  
Auditory Monitoring ◽  
Different Sources

The experiments reported examined monitoring for semantically defined targets whilst concurrently shadowing (Experiment I) or listening silently (Experiment II). The word lists for monitoring were either visual or auditory. Monitoring and shadowing accuracy showed less interference when presentation was bimodal than when it was dichotic. However, monitoring latency and recognition memory for shadowed material did not show this effect. It is argued that these data reveal the existence of a number of different sources of potential difficulty in dichotic listening situations and the nature of these is discussed.

scholarly journals Memory for non-painful auditory items is influenced by whether they are experienced in a context involving painful electrical stimulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Vogt ◽  
Caroline M. Norton ◽  
Lauren E. Speer ◽  
Joshua J. Tremel ◽  
James W. Ibinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Response Times ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Context ◽  
Word Lists

AbstractIn this study, we sought to examine the effect of pain on memory. Subjects heard a series of words and made categorization decisions in two different contexts. One context included painful shocks administered just after presentation of some of the words; the other context involved no shocks. For the context that included painful stimulations, every other word was followed by a shock and subjects were informed to expect this pattern. Word lists were repeated three times within each context in randomized order, with different category judgments but consistent pain-word pairings. After a brief delay, recognition memory was assessed. Non-pain words from the pain context were less strongly encoded than non-pain words from the completely pain-free context. An important accompanying finding is that response times to repeated experimental items were slower for non-pain words from the pain context, compared to non-pain words from the completely pain-free context. This demonstrates that the effect of pain on memory may generalize to non-pain items experienced in the same experimental context.

Developmental changes in dichotic listening with categorized word lists.

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Anooshian ◽  
Ronnie A. McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Word Lists

Effects of Environmental Context on Recognition Memory in An Unusual Environment

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Emmerson
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Small Boat ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Positive Effect

Environmental context is thought to influence recognition memory in relatively few cases, and it is an empirical matter to determine the conditions under which a positive effect occurs. Amateur divers learnt visually presented word lists in two environments: in air on a small boat and underwater at a depth of 20 m. Recognition memory was examined by a yes-no procedure in either the environment of learning or the alternative environment. Environmental context produced small but statistically reliable effects on recognition memory. Words learnt underwater were best recalled there and vice versa.

The Disruptive Effect of an Irrelevant Message in Dichotic Listening to Word-Lists

1972 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-484
Author(s):  
C. M. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Performance Decrement ◽  
Prose Passage ◽  
Word Lists

The results of previous experiments suggest that when listeners are asked to repeat back prose arriving at one ear, their performance is unaffected by the presence (in the other ear) of another independent prose passage in the same voice and of equal intensity. In the present study dichotic messages were employed in which the words were presented quasi-simultaneously and were not connected in meaning. Considerable performance decrement was found from a message on the irrelevant ear even if that message was less intense than that on the relevant ear. Different kinds of error occur, but the principle form of error is a response which is incorrect but nevertheless clearly related to the word presented to the relevant ear. The results extend the findings of Treisman (1967, 1970) who found considerable interference in dichotic listening to pairs of words exactly matched for time of onset; and suggest a general difficulty of selective attention when non-prose material is used.

scholarly journals Precise and imprecise memories may fool you: Continuous memory measures uncover different sources of errors in recognition memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Rebekka Richter
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Memory Precision ◽  
Different Sources

Recognition memory can be faulty. Participants sometimes incorrectly judge unseen stimuli as seen before (false alarms, FAs), or seen stimuli as not seen (misses). However, the sources of these memory errors remain poorly understood. This study combines an identical(old)/similar/new recognition memory task with a memory precision task to explore sources of recognition memory errors. The results demonstrate that while FAs to similar but unseen items are associated with surprisingly high memory precision, incorrect classification of identical items as ‘similar’ is associated with a marked decline in memory precision. Lastly, incorrect ‘new’ ratings to both identical and similar items showed most severely decreased memory precision, over and above that seen for other memory misclassifications. These results suggest that misses are due to memory decay processes, while FAs stem from recollection-based interference between stimuli. The findings lay the groundwork to explore specific memory deficits in different populations.

scholarly journals Sources of Interference in Memory across Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyungwook Yim ◽  
Adam F Osth ◽  
Vladimir Sloutsky ◽  
Simon Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Study List ◽  
List Length ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
List Strength ◽  
Different Sources

Episodic memory involves remembering not only what happened but also where and when the event happened. This multi-component nature introduces different sources of interference which stem from previous experience. However, it is unclear how different interferences change across development and what may cause the changes. To address these questions, we tested 4-5-year-olds (N = 103), 7-8-year-olds (N = 82), and adults (N = 70) using item and source recognition memory tasks with various manipulations (i.e., list-length, list-strength, and word-frequency), and decomposed sources of interference using a computational model. We find that interference stemming from other items on the study-list rapidly decreases with development, whereas interference from pre-experimental contexts gradually decreases but remains the major source of interference. The model further quantifies these changes indicating that the ability to discriminate items undergoes relatively rapid development, whereas the ability to discriminate contexts undergo protracted development. These results elucidate fundamental aspects of memory development.

How do memory modules differentially contribute to familiarity and recollection?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olya Hakobyan ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Memory Modules ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Memory Contents

Abstract We fully support dissociating the subjective experience from the memory contents in recognition memory, as Bastin et al. posit in the target article. However, having two generic memory modules with qualitatively different functions is not mandatory and is in fact inconsistent with experimental evidence. We propose that quantitative differences in the properties of the memory modules can account for the apparent dissociation of recollection and familiarity along anatomical lines.

Interhemispheric transfer evaluation in multiple sclerosis 1The authors would like to thank Claude-Alain Hauert and Christoph Michel for their assistance in the evaluation of motor tapping and Michel Habib for his suggestions and comments. This work was supported by a grant from the Swiss Society of Multiple Sclerosis.

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Ortiz ◽  
Michael Reicherts ◽  
Alan J. Pegna ◽  
Encarni Garran ◽  
Michel Chofflon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Interhemispheric Transfer ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Swiss Society ◽  
Listening Test ◽  
Relapsing Remitting

Patients suffering from Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have frequently been found to suffer from damage to callosal fibers. Investigations have shown that this damage is associated with signs of hemisphere disconnections. The aim of our study was to provide evidence for the first signs of interhemispheric dysfunction in a mildly disabled MS population. Therefore, we explored whether the Interhemispheric Transfer (IT) deficit is multi-modal and sought to differentiate two MS evolution forms, on the basis of an interhemispheric disconnection index. Twenty-two patients with relapsing-remitting form of MS (RRMS) and 14 chronic-progressive (CPMS) were compared with matched controls on four tasks: a tachistoscopic verbal and non-verbal decision task, a dichotic listening test, cross tactile finger localization and motor tapping. No overall impairment was seen. The dichotic listening and lexical decision tasks were the most sensitive to MS. In addition, CPMS patients' IT was more impaired and was related to the severity of neurological impairment. The different sizes of the callosal fibers, which determine their vulnerability, may explain the heterogeneity of transfer through the Corpus Callosum. Therefore, evaluation of IT may be of value as an index of evolution in MS.

Speeded Probed Recall Is Affected by Grouping

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-394
Author(s):  
Sergio Morra ◽  
Valentina Epidendio
Keyword(s):  
Serial Order ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Order Representation ◽  
Interstimulus Intervals ◽  
Gradient Models

Abstract. Most of the evidence from previous studies on speeded probed recall supported primacy-gradient models of serial order representation. Two experiments investigated the effect of grouping on speeded probed recall. Six-word lists, followed by a number between 1 and 6, were presented for speeded recall of the word in the position indicated by the number. Grouping was manipulated through interstimulus intervals. In both experiments, a significant Position × Grouping interaction was found in RT. It is concluded that the results are not consistent with models of order representation only based on a primacy gradient. Possible alternative representations of serial order are also discussed; a case is made for a holistic order representation.

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