Effects of Environmental Context on Recognition Memory in An Unusual Environment

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Emmerson
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Small Boat ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Positive Effect

Environmental context is thought to influence recognition memory in relatively few cases, and it is an empirical matter to determine the conditions under which a positive effect occurs. Amateur divers learnt visually presented word lists in two environments: in air on a small boat and underwater at a depth of 20 m. Recognition memory was examined by a yes-no procedure in either the environment of learning or the alternative environment. Environmental context produced small but statistically reliable effects on recognition memory. Words learnt underwater were best recalled there and vice versa.

scholarly journals Memory for non-painful auditory items is influenced by whether they are experienced in a context involving painful electrical stimulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Vogt ◽  
Caroline M. Norton ◽  
Lauren E. Speer ◽  
Joshua J. Tremel ◽  
James W. Ibinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Response Times ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Context ◽  
Word Lists

AbstractIn this study, we sought to examine the effect of pain on memory. Subjects heard a series of words and made categorization decisions in two different contexts. One context included painful shocks administered just after presentation of some of the words; the other context involved no shocks. For the context that included painful stimulations, every other word was followed by a shock and subjects were informed to expect this pattern. Word lists were repeated three times within each context in randomized order, with different category judgments but consistent pain-word pairings. After a brief delay, recognition memory was assessed. Non-pain words from the pain context were less strongly encoded than non-pain words from the completely pain-free context. An important accompanying finding is that response times to repeated experimental items were slower for non-pain words from the pain context, compared to non-pain words from the completely pain-free context. This demonstrates that the effect of pain on memory may generalize to non-pain items experienced in the same experimental context.

The role of reinstating generation operations in recognition memory and reality monitoring

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Nieznański
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Reality Monitoring ◽  
Word Fragment ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Modelling Approach

Abstract The role of encoding/retrieval conditions compatibility was investigated in a reality-monitoring task. An experiment was conducted which showed a positive effect of reinstating distinctive encoding operations at test. That is, generation of a low-frequency (LF) word from the same word fragment at study and test significantly enhanced item recognition memory. However, reinstating of relatively more automatic operations of reading or generating a highfrequency (HF) word did not influence recognition performance. Moreover, LF words were better recognized than HF words, but memory for source did not depend on the encoding/retrieval match or on the word-frequency. In comparison with reading, generating an item at study significantly enhanced source memory but generating it at test had no effect. The data were analysed using a multinomial modelling approach which allowed ruling out the influence of a response bias on the measurement of memory ability.

Component Problems in Dichotic Listening

1977 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Potential Difficulty ◽  
Auditory Monitoring ◽  
Different Sources

The experiments reported examined monitoring for semantically defined targets whilst concurrently shadowing (Experiment I) or listening silently (Experiment II). The word lists for monitoring were either visual or auditory. Monitoring and shadowing accuracy showed less interference when presentation was bimodal than when it was dichotic. However, monitoring latency and recognition memory for shadowed material did not show this effect. It is argued that these data reveal the existence of a number of different sources of potential difficulty in dichotic listening situations and the nature of these is discussed.

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