Response of carbon isotope discrimination and oxygen isotope composition to mild drought in slow- and fast-wilting soybean genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Bai ◽  
Larry C Purcell
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Composition ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Mild Drought

Genetic variation in carbon isotope discrimination and its relationship to growth under field conditions in full-sib families of Piceamariana

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence B. Flanagan ◽  
Kurt H. Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Sib Families

Measurements of the stable carbon isotope composition of leaf tissue were made on Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P trees from four full-sib families grown on three different field sites at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute, Ontario, Canada. The four families chosen exhibited genetic variation for growth characteristics. Genetic variation was also observed for carbon isotopic discrimination (Δ) among the families of P. mariana. In addition, a strong correlation occurred between Δ values measured on trees in 1991 and 1992, two years that had very different precipitation and temperature conditions during the growing season, indicating that the ranking of individual trees remained almost constant between years. A strong, negative correlation was observed between average carbon isotope discrimination and average tree height for the four families on the driest, least productive site, as was expected based on leaf photosynthetic characteristics. There was no significant correlation, however, between Δ values and growth on the other two study sites, where productivity was higher.

Short-Term Measurements of Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Several C4 Species

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Henderson ◽  
SV Caemmerer ◽  
GD Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
C4 Species ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Wide Range

Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and leaf gas-exchange were measured simultaneously for a number of C4 species. Linear relationships were found between A and the ratio of intercellular to ambient partial pressures of CO2, pI/pa. These data were used to estimate the fraction of CO2 released by C4-acid decarboxylation in the bundle sheath, which subsequently leaks out to the mesophyll. We define this fraction as the leakiness of the system and it is also a measure of the extent to which phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylations exceed ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylations. For Sorghum bicolor and Amaranthus edulis, leakiness was estimated at 0.2 and was constant over a wide range of irradiances (between 480 and 1600 μmol quanta m-2 s-1), intercellular CO2 pressures (between 30 and 350 μbar) and leaf temperatures (from 21�C to 34�C). At irradiances less than 240 μmol quanta m-2 s-1, leakiness appeared to increase. For a number of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous species, of the various C4-decarboxylation types, leakiness was also estimated at 0.2. Contrary to expectation, amongst the 11 species examined, those with suberised lamellae did not show lower values of leakiness than those without suberised lamellae. For one NAD-ME and one PCK monocot, the estimates of leakiness were significantly higher at 0.30 and 0.25, respectively. Long-term discrimination (assessed from carbon isotope composition of leaf dry matter) did not correlate well with these short- term measures of discrimination. We suggest that this may be due to differences between species in fractionations occurring after photosynthesis.

scholarly journals Carbon (δ13C) and Nitrogen (δ15N) Stable Isotope Composition Provide New Insights into Phenotypic Plasticity in Broad Leaf Weed Rumex acetosa under Allelochemical Stress

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hussain ◽  
Manuel Reigosa ◽  
Adele Muscolo
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carbon Isotope Composition ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Broad Leaf

Phenolic compounds, hydroquinone and cinnamic acid derivatives have been identified as major allelochemicals with known phytotoxicity from allelopathic plant Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Several phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid (FA), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) and flavonoid (rutin, quercetin) constituents occur in the phyllodes and flowers of A. melanoxylon and have demonstrated inhibitory effects on germination and physiological characteristics of lettuce and perennial grasses. However, to date, little is known about the mechanisms of action of these secondary metabolites in broad-leaved weeds at ecophysiological level. The objective of this study was to determine the response of Rumex acetosa carbon isotope composition and other physiological parameters to the interaction of plant secondary metabolites (PSM) (FA and pHBA) stress and the usefulness of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) as indicative of the functional performance of intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) at level of plant leaf. R. acetosa plant were grown under greenhouse condition and subjected to PSM stress (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM) for six days. Here, we show that FA and pHBA are potent inhibitors of Δ13C that varied from 21.0‰ to 22.9‰. Higher pHBA and FA supply enhanced/retard the Nleaf and increased the Cleaf while ratio of intercellular CO2 concentration from leaf to air (Ci/Ca) was significantly decreased as compared to control. Leaf water content and leaf osmotic potential were decreased following treatment with both PSM. The Ci/Ca decreased rapidly with higher concentration of FA and pHBA. However, iWUE increased at all allelochemical concentrations. At the whole plant level, both PSM showed pronounced growth-inhibitory effects on PBM and C and N concentration, root fresh/dry weight, leaf fresh/dry weight, and root, shoot length of C3 broad leaf weed R. acetosa. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) was correlated with the dry matter to transpiration ratio (transpiration efficiency) in this C3 species, but its heritability and relationship to R. acetosa growth are less clear. Our FA and pHBA compounds are the potent and selective carbon isotope composition (δ13C) inhibitors known to date. These results confirm the phytotoxicity of FA and pHBA on R. acetosa seedlings, the reduction of relative water content and the induction of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) with lower plant biomass.

scholarly journals Leaf Age, Canopy Position, and Habitat Affect the Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Water-Use Efficiency in Three C3 Leguminous Prosopis Species from a Hyper-Arid Climate

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iftikhar Hussain ◽  
Ali El-Keblawy ◽  
François Mitterand Tsombou
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
The West ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Use Efficiency

The present study involved measurements of the stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) of three C3 leguminous Prosopis spp. (P. juliflora, P. cineraria, and P. pallida) foliage at different canopy positions (east and west) from saline (SLH) and non-saline habitats (NSH). Integrated measurements of the stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of plant tissue were broadly used to study iWUE, taking into consideration the effect of leaf age and canopy position on C isotope discrimination. Mature foliage of P. pallida from an SLH with a west canopy position had significantly higher δ13C (less negative) than that from NSH. On the west side, Δ13C values ranged from 17.8‰ (P. pallida) to 22.31‰ (P. juliflora) for a west canopy position, while they varied from 18.05‰ (P. pallida) to 22.4‰ (P. cineraria) on the east canopy side. Because the patterns are similar for the three Prosopis species, the difference in carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) between the canopy position (west and east) is relatively consistent among species and sites, ranging between 17.8 ± 4.43‰ for the young foliage in the west and 18.05 ± 4.35‰ for the east canopy position. The iWUE of P. pallida was twice that of P. cineraria. The iWUE of P. juliflora was higher from NSH than SLH. Mature leaves possessed a higher iWUE than the young leaves. We concluded that exotic P. juliflora and P. pallida have higher iWUE values than the native P. cineraria, which might be due to the rapid below-ground development of plant roots in the Arabian deserts of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This could enable the alien species access to deeper humid soil layers or water resources.

Tooth Enamel Biogeochemistry and Early Hominin Diets

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Sponheimer ◽  
Julia Lee-Thorp
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Composition ◽  
Dietary Ecology ◽  
Isotope Analyses ◽  
Unambiguous Interpretation

Biogeochemical studies of hominin dietary ecology began decades ago, and, despite refinements, the basic tools being used and questions being asked have changed little since then. Carbon isotope analyses have had the most impact, with numerous studies showing that up to c.4 Ma, early hominins consumed primarily C3 vegetation, as do extant apes, but thereafter consumption of C4 foods became conspicuous if variable. Paranthropus boisei completely abandoned the ancestral C3 diet by at least 2 Ma to become a C4 consumer, a rarity among primates. These shifts were accompanied by changes in the australopith masticatory package. Applications using trace elements, particularly strontium and barium, as trophic level indicators have been less successful, partly because the distributions of trace elements in foodwebs are poorly understood. Similarly, while the oxygen isotope composition of tooth enamel unquestionably reflects ecology, the influences are complex and too poorly understood to allow unambiguous interpretation.

Canopy carbon and oxygen isotope composition of 9-year-old hoop pine families in relation to seedling carbon isotope composition, growth, field growth performance, and canopy nitrogen concentration

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina V Prasolova ◽  
Zhihong Xu ◽  
Graham D Farquhar ◽  
Paul G Saffigna ◽  
Mark J Dieters
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Carbon Isotope Composition ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Composition ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Hoop Pine

Carbon isotope composition (δ13C), oxygen isotope composition (δ18O), and nitrogen concentration (Nmass) of branchlet tissue at two canopy positions were assessed for glasshouse seedlings and 9-year-old hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii Ait. ex D. Don) trees from 22 open-pollinated families grown in 5 blocks of a progeny test at a water-limited and nitrogen-deficient site in southeastern Queensland, Australia. Significant variations in canopy δ13C, δ18O, and Nmass existed among the 9-year-old hoop pine families, with a heritability estimate of 0.72 for branchlet δ13C from the upper inner canopy position. There was significant variation in canopy δ13C of glasshouse seedlings between canopy positions and among the families, with a heritability estimate of 0.66. The canopy δ13C was positively related to canopy Nmass only for the upper outer crown in the field (R = 0.62, p < 0.001). Phenotypic correlations existed between tree height and canopy δ13C (R = 0.37–0.41, p < 0.001). Strong correlations were found between family canopy δ13C at this site and those at a wetter site and between field canopy δ13C and glasshouse seedling δ13C. The mechanisms of the variation in canopy δ13C are discussed in relation to canopy photosynthetic capacity as reflected in the Nmass and stomatal conductance as indexed by canopy δ18O.

Determination of the Average Partial Pressure of CO2 in Chloroplasts From Leaves of Several C3 Plants

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
SV Caemmerer ◽  
JR Evans
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Carbon Isotope Composition ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Co2 ◽  
Transfer Conductance

Measurements of CO2 and water vapour exchange by leaves were combined with measurements of carbon isotope composition (13C/12C) of CO2 in the air passing over the leaf. Carbon isotope discrimination during CO2 uptake was determined from the difference in carbon isotope composition of the air leaving the leaf chamber with or without a leaf enclosed. Leaves of wheat plants grown with different nitrogen nutrition and leaves of several other species were examined. The measurements, made at different irradiances for a given leaf, showed that carbon isotope discrimination was strongly correlated with the rate of CO2 assimilation as well as the ratio of intercellular to ambient partial pressure of CO2, pI/pa. A function relating carbon isotope discrimination to the rate of CO2 assimilation was used to estimate the CO2 transfer conductance, gw, from the substomatal cavities to the sites of carboxylation for individual leaves. The photosynthetic capacity correlated with the CO2 transfer conductance, gw, and the average ratio of chloroplastic to intercellular partial pressure of CO2, pI/pa, was 0.7. This means that in general under high irradiance, the ratio of chloroplastic to ambient partial pressure of CO2 is about 0.5. In wheat, variation in gw was correlated with the chloroplast surface area appressing intercellular airspaces.

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