scholarly journals The other side of “getting by”: A case study of interpreting provision decision-making and consequences for patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1483096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Abbato ◽  
Jennifer Ryan ◽  
Chris Skelly ◽  
Phillip Good ◽  
Rahman Shiri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Other

Research methods as bridging devices: path and context mapping in governance

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristof Van Assche ◽  
Raoul Beunen ◽  
Monica Gruezmacher ◽  
Martijn Duineveld ◽  
Leith Deacon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Shifting Balance ◽  
Initial Concept

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential, both analytically and practically, of understanding research methods as bridging devices. Methods can bridge theory and empirics, but it is argued that they can perform several bridging functions: between theory and praxis, between analysis and strategy and between past and future. The focus is on those forms of bridging relevant for understanding and effectuating change in governance, at community level and at the scale of organizations. Design/methodology/approach The paper develops a perspective on methods as bridging devices. It uses the newly minted methods of governance path and context mapping as a case study. These methods conceptually derive from evolutionary governance theory (EGT) and were developed and tested in Canadian empirical research. The case helps to develop insight in features, forms and limitations of methods as bridging devices in governance research and practice. The authors then use the case to further develop the initial concept of bridging more generally, emphasizing the shifting balance between methods as bridging and creating boundaries. Findings Both the case study and the theoretical analysis underline the necessary imperfection of any method as bridging device. The authors affirm the potential of method to perform different bridging functions at the same time, while revealing clear tradeoffs in each role. Tradeoffs occur with adapted versions of the method producing new strengths and weaknesses in new contexts. In each of the forms of bridging involved neither side can be reduced to the other, so a gap always remains. It is demonstrated that the practice of bridging through method in governance is greatly helped when methods are flexibly deployed in ongoing processes of bricolage, nesting and modification. Governance enables the continuous production of new framing devices and other methods. Originality/value The idea of methods as bridging devices is new, and can assist the development of a broader understanding of the various forms and functions of research methods. Moreover, it helps to discern roles of research methods in the functioning of governance. The context of governance helps to recognize the multi-functionality of research methods, and their transformation in a context of pressured decision-making. Moreover, this approach contributes to the understanding of governance as adumbrated by EGT.

Father as the primary guardian: based on a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 603 (8) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Magorzata Sitarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
General Concept ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Parental Alienation ◽  
Guardianship Law

The study deals with the general concept of paternity. It analyses the functioning of men as primary parents from the legal, philosophical, psychological, and social perspective. The paper presents the personal and educational competences of fathers who have been authorised by court decisions to act as the primary parent. Given the diversity of legal, psychological and social circumstances of fathers who seek to act as direct carers for their children, the competences to play the role of a primary parent are analysed based on a case study. Based on an analysis of case studies, it has been demonstrated that not every case of direct care results in alienation of the other parent and, consequently, disruption of the bond with the child. The study emphasizes that parental alienation does not stem from faulty decision-making or enforcement of the guardianship law, but rather from incorrect parental attitudes, lack of good will, emotional and social immaturity, and insufficient parenting competences.

Case Study: Needs-Based Technology Assessment and Essential National Health Research: Experience in the Philippines

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-699
Author(s):  
Tessa L. Tan-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
National Health ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Research ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
The People ◽  
The Difference

AbstractEssential national health research (ENHR) ensures that health research will be undertaken in priority areas defined by the people and will be used in decision making. Needs-based technology assessment (NBTA) is anchored on the ENHR philosophy. Two case studies are presented, one illustrating a successful application of NBTA and the other a failed approach. Reasons for the difference in success are examined.

How Immigrant Parents and Local Parents Were Involved in Children's Education in Macau

2021 ◽  
pp. 105678792110472
Author(s):  
Shun W. Ng ◽  
Ka W. Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
At Home

The objective of this case study is to analyze how two groups of parents, a group who have newly arrived in Macau from Mainland China and the other who have resided in Macau for more than three decades, interact with the class teachers at the levels of “two-way communication,” “supervision of children at home,” and “participating in decision making” in a secondary school. The findings will redound to the benefits of school leaders, teachers, and indirectly the parents in a sense that looking closely at the ethnic and cultural differences between parents can promote effective cooperation between parents and teachers.

scholarly journals The Effects of Social Connections on Evacuation Decision Making during Hurricane Irma

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Collins ◽  
Robin Ersing ◽  
Amy Polen ◽  
Michelle Saunders ◽  
Jason Senkbeil
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Perceived Access ◽  
Hurricane Irma

Abstract This study investigates the influence of individuals’ social connections in their decision to either evacuate or not evacuate in the days preceding the landfall of Hurricane Irma. Using Hurricane Irma in September 2017 as a case study, a survey was conducted on two groups (those who evacuated and those who did not evacuate) to assess people’s social connections specifically examining three dimensions: dependability, density, and diversity. These variables, together with socioeconomic variables (e.g., race/ethnicity, age, education), were considered in order to better explain the influences on evacuation decision-making. To collect accurate ephemeral decision-making data from evacuees, the surveys were completed during the evacuation for those who evacuated and shortly after the passage of Hurricane Irma for those who did not evacuate. Through statistical analyses, it was concluded that density and diversity of people’s social networks played a significant role in the decision to evacuate or not, with evacuees having more dense and diverse relationships. On the other hand, the perceived dependability of a person’s social connections (i.e., their perceived access to resources and support) did not significantly impact the decision to evacuate for Hurricane Irma. This study has important implications for adding to the knowledge base on community-based sustainable disaster preparedness and resilience.

IO Concepts as Contributing Factors to Major Accidents and Enablers for Resilience-Based Major Accident Prevention

2013 ◽  
pp. 353-369
Author(s):  
Eirik Albrechtsen ◽  
Audun Weltzien
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Accident Prevention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organizational Resilience ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Major Accident ◽  
The One

On the one hand, inadequacy of IO-concepts can, in combination with other factors, contribute to major accidents. On the other, work processes and technology within an IO-context contribute to prevent major accidents. This chapter shows how IO concepts can enable a resilience-based approach to major accident prevention by employing a case study of an onshore drilling center. Interviews indicate that drilling and well operations justify a resilience approach, as these operations are complex and dynamic. The case study shows how an onshore drilling support center facilitate adaptation to current and future situations at the sharp-end by providing decision-making support for the sharp-end by its ability to monitor what is going on, anticipate future developments, and look into past events and data. By use of the case study resilient capabilities and their required resources are identified. To ensure that inherent organizational resilience is managed and maintained adequately, there is a need to: 1) identify and refine inherent resilient capabilities and resources; and 2) develop methods and tools to manage resilience.

scholarly journals Investment, Hysteresis, and Layers of Techniques: A Case Study of Agricultural Manufacturing Machinery in Multan Division

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1117-1132
Author(s):  
Toseef Azid ◽  
Muhammad Akbar Noor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Face

The behaviour of firms is still a little understood matter. Why one firm or industry is investing more than the other or what makes a firm enter or exit from the market, what are the psychological factors that go to make a choice of this kind are questions that have not been answered satisfactorily. Concepts like irreversibility, uncertainty, investment, and the value of waiting are very much there in the literature, e.g., McDonald and Siegel (1985, 1986); Nickell (1974); Schmalensee (1972); Hartman (1972); Henry (1974) and LAM (1989) and others. But the psychology of decision-making on the face of losses has not received much attention in the literature. That the Economic Hysteresis1 and Layers of Techniques2, developed by Professor A. Dixit and Professor P. N. Mathur respectively tackle. The former is discussed by Pindyck (1988, 1991, 1992) and Dixit (1989, 1989a, 1991, 1992); while Mathur (1977, 1989, 1990); Law and Azid (1993); Azid and Ghosh (1998) and Rashid (1989,1989a) have discussed the latter.

scholarly journals DU PONT SYSTEM ANALYSIS TO MEASURE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY ON PT. INDOSAT TBK IN 2016 – 2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Sri Dwiningsih ◽  
Reni Sulistyowati
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Performance Benchmarking ◽  
And Performance ◽  
A Company

Financial statements play a major role in a company which is used as decision making material and performance benchmarking. A successful company should have a good financial performance. The other way around, a company which does not have a good financial performance would impact on the company success. The study employs a ratio analysis called Du Pont System Analysis in which the analysis often applied to measure financial performance on company. Du Pont System Analysis is a combination of financial ratios from ratio activities and profitability in which the result shows interaction from assets profitability of the company. Object of the study is PT. Indosat Tbk in 2016 – 2018 as a Telecommunication company. There are 3 similiar companies used as a comparison to indicate PT Indosat Tbk position which are PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk, PT XL Axiata Tbk, and Smartfren Telecommunication Tbk. The study draws a conclusion that financial performance of PT Indosat Tbk is good compared to the other similiar companies but PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia has the best performance than the other.

Algorithmic Decision-Making When Humans Disagree on Ends

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-300
Author(s):  
Kiel Brennan-Marquez ◽  
Vincent Chiao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Criminal Sentencing ◽  
Specific Dimension ◽  
Formal Point

Which interpretive tasks should be delegated to machines? This question has become a focal point of “tech governance” debates. One familiar answer is that while machines are capable of implementing tasks whose ends are uncontroversial, machine delegation is inappropriate for tasks that elude human consensus. After all, if human experts cannot agree about the nature of a task, what hope is there for machines? Here, we turn this position around. When humans disagree about the nature of a task, that should be prima facie grounds for machine delegation, not against it. The reason has to do with fairness: affected parties should be able to predict the outcomes of particular cases. Indeterminate decision-making environments—those in which human disagree about ends—are inherently unpredictable in that, for any given case, the distribution of likely outcomes will depend on a specific decision maker’s view of the relevant end. This injects an irreducible dynamic of randomization into the decision-making process from the perspective of non-repeat players. To the extent machine decisions aggregate across disparate views of a task’s relevant ends, they promise improvement on this specific dimension of predictability. Whatever the other virtues and drawbacks of machine decision-making, this gain should be recognized and factored into governance. The essay has two parts. In the first, we draw a distinction between determinacy and certainty as epistemic properties and fashioning a taxonomy of decision types. In the second part, we bring the formal point alive through a case study of criminal sentencing.

A comparison study of fuzzy-based multiple-criteria decision-making methods to evaluating green concept alternatives in a new product development environment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeki Ayağ
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
New Product ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Promethee Ii

PurposeIn this paper, the four popular multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods in fuzzy environment are utilized to reflect the vagueness and uncertainty on the judgments of decision-makers (DMs), because the crisp pairwise comparison in these conventional MCDM methods seems to be insufficient and imprecise to capture the right judgments of DMs. Of these methods, as Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) is used to calculate criteria weights, the other methods; Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (F-TOPSIS), Fuzzy Grey relational analysis (F-GRA) and Fuzzy Preference Ranking Organization METhod for Enrichment of Evaluations (F- PROMETHEE II) are used to rank alternatives in the three different ways for a comparative study.Design/methodology/approachThe demand for green products has dramatically increased because the importance and public awareness of the preservation of natural environment was taken into consideration much more in the last two decades. As a result of this, especially manufacturing companies have been forced to design more green products, resulting in a problem of how they incorporate environmental issues into their design and evaluate concept options. The need for the practical decision-making tools to address this problem is rapidly evolving since the problem turns into an MCDM problem in the presence of a set of green concept alternatives and criteria.FindingsThe incorporation of fuzzy set theory into these methods is discussed on a real-life case study, and a comparative analysis is done by using its numerical results in which the three fuzzy-based methods reveal the same outcomes (or rankings), while F-GRA requires less computational steps. Moreover, more detailed analyses on the numerical results of the case study are completed on the normalization methods, distance metrics, aggregation functions, defuzzification methods and other issues.Research limitations/implicationsThe designing and manufacturing environmental-friendly products in a product design process has been a vital issue for many companies which take care of reflecting environmental issues into their product design and meeting standards of recent green guidelines. These companies have utilized these guidelines by following special procedures at the design phase. Along the design process consisting of various steps, the environmental issues have been considered an important factor in the end-of-life of products since it can reduce the impact on the nature. In the stage of developing a new product with the aim of environmental-friendly design, the green thinking should be incorporated as early as possible in the process.Practical implicationsThe case study was inspired from the previous work of the author, which was realized in a hot runner systems manufacturer, used in injection molding systems in a Canada. In a new product development process, the back- and front-ends of development efforts mainly determine the following criteria: cost, risk, quality and green used in this paper. The case study showed that the three fuzzy MCDM methods come to the same ranking outcomes. F-GRA has a better time complexity compared to the other two methods and uses a smaller number of computational steps. Moreover, a comparative analysis of the three F-MCDM methods; F-PROMETHEE II, F-TOPSIS and F-GRA used in ranking for green concept alternatives using the numerical results of the case study. For the case study; as seen in table 20, the three F-MCDM methods produced the numerical results on the rankings of the green concept alternatives as follows; {Concept A-Concept C–Concept B–Concept D}.Social implicationsInclusion of environmental-related criteria into concept selection problem has been gaining increasing importance in the last decade. Therefore, to facilitate necessary calculations in applying each method especially with its fuzzy extension, it can be developed a knowledge-based (KB) or an expert system (ES) to help the DMs make the required calculations of each method, and interpret its results with detailed analysis.Originality/valueThe objective of the research was to propose a F-AHP based F-MCDM approach to green concept selection problem through F-PROMETHEE II, F-TOPSIS and F-GRA methods. As the F-AHP is used to weight evaluation criteria, the other methods are respectively used for ranking the concept alternatives and determine the best concept alternative.

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