Crucible Steel Making: Persian Manuscripts and Archeometallurgical Analysis

2016 ◽  
pp. 963-977
Author(s):  
Manouchehr Moshtagh Khorasani
Keyword(s):  
Steel Making ◽  
Crucible Steel

scholarly journals Reviviendo el arte ancestral de elaborar acero persa al crisol para armas blancas

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Manouchehr Moshtagh Khorasani
Keyword(s):  
Font Size ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Crucible Steel

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">This article is intended to both explain three traditional methods of manufacturing Persian crucible steel and to describe recent attempts by three German bladesmiths to replicate the results of traditional crucible steel making. The article will explain the process of making crucible steel, from the making of crucible steel cakes and forging of crucible cakes into bars, to polishing and etching these bars to reveal the crucible steel pattern. First described are three traditional methods of making crucible steel that are mentioned in Persian manuscripts. Second, elaborations are provided on three different modern processes carried out by three different talented German smiths, Achim Wirtz, Andreas Schweikert, and Cyrus Haghjoo. Finally, illustrations are shown some finished crucible steel blades made by Achim Wirtz and Andreas Schweikert as well as some crucible steel knives, made by the talented Belgian knifemaker Salsi Alessio, made from crucible steel bars provided by Achim Wirtz. </span></span></span></p>

The Many and Various Roles of Manganese in Iron and Steel Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Paul T. Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Metallic Manganese ◽  
Crucible Steel ◽  
The Many ◽  
Iron And Steel Production

Manganese oxide and metallic manganese have made a long and varied contribution to the production of iron and steel through the centuries, long before Sir Robert Hadfield’s alloy manganese steel first produced in 1882. Although quite well known empirically, this contribution has sometimes been misunderstood or misrepresented.The success of some of the early so-called ‘natural steels’ was the presence of manganese oxides in the iron ores used.Manganese oxide was already used as a flux from the early days of the production of crucible steel in Asia and it now appears that it was used as a flux from the inception of the otherwise very different later European crucible steel technologies. After the introduction of crucible steel making in Britain in the 18th century, foreign competitors believed that the reason for the success of the processes used at Sheffield was a secret flux and studies on recently discovered 18th century crucibles in Sheffield have shown that process was indeed fluxed with manganese oxide.The function of manganese in the later European crucible steel industry has been rather overshadowed and confused historically by the very different ‘Carburet of manganese’, a strange concoction, patented by Josiah Heath in 1839 added to iron or steel to purify the metal. At the time the chemistry of the process was misunderstood and many acrimonious and inaccurate claims were made, crucially confusing the very different functions of manganese oxide and manganese metal, overshadowing the part already played by manganese oxide for almost a century previously..Finally manganese and its salts played a crucial role in the Bessemer process of steel making.

Steel Making at Ensley, Alabama

1904 ◽  
Vol 58 (1490supp) ◽  
pp. 23870-23870
Author(s):  
Day Allen Willey
Keyword(s):  
Steel Making

Study of Variable Frequency Induction Heating in Steel Making Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 130 (10) ◽  
pp. 1131-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Fukutani ◽  
Kenji Umetsu ◽  
Takeo Itou ◽  
Takanori Isobe ◽  
Tadayuki Kitahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induction Heating ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Steel Making

CRUCIBLE CSM #2

Alloy Digest ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Alloy Tool ◽  
Crucible Steel

Abstract Crucible CSM #2 is an alloy tool steel recommended for die casting dies and plastic molds. It is usually heat treated to two hardness levels, either 200 Brinell or 300 Brinell. CSM #2 machines readily and polishes easily at both hardness levels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-210. Producer or source: Crucible Steel Company of America.

CORONA 5 Alloy

Alloy Digest ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Strain Fracture ◽  
Crucible Steel ◽  
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking

Abstract CORONA 5 is a titanium alloy developed for applications in fracture-controlled aircraft components. Plane strain fracture toughnesses of 110,000 to 150,000 psi sq.rt. in. (120 to 165 MPa sq.rt. m) have been produced in this alloy at 135,00 psi (930 MPa) tensile strength through a variety of different process histories. The specific strength (strength/density ratio) is superior to that of the Ti-6A1-4V alloy. Resistance to fatigue crack propagation and resistance to chloride-stress-corrosion cracking are comparable to those of Ti-6A1-4V. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-70. Producer or source: Crucible Steel Company of America, Titanium Division.

MAX-EL 3 1/2

Alloy Digest ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Crucible Steel

Abstract MAX-EL 3 1/2 is a chromium-molybdenum free-cutting-alloy machinery steel, particularly adapted for service applications where substantial strength, toughness and hardness are required. See also MAXEL 3 1/2, Alloy Digest SA-262, March 1971. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-45. Producer or source: Crucible Steel Company of America.

HALVAN

Alloy Digest ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Crucible Steel

Abstract Halvan tool steel is a tough alloy steel used for tools requiring resistance to shock and vibration. It is used for both cold and hot work applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-17. Producer or source: Crucible Steel Company of America.

ATHA PNEU

Alloy Digest ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Die Steel ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Crucible Steel

Abstract ATHA PNEU is a shock resistant tool and die steel designed for applications requiring extreme toughness combined with good wear resistance and cutting properties. It conforms to AISI Type S1, SAE Type S1 and ASM Class III-D. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-76. Producer or source: Crucible Steel Company of America.

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