scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF HEAT ON THE TRANSFORMING AND BINDING POWER OF BLOOD

1915 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Supernatant Fluid ◽  
Preliminary Heating ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Binding Power

1. The transforming power of red blood cells for atoxyl is apparently uninfluenced by a preliminary heating of the blood for 30 minutes at 50° C., but a temperature of 55° C. acting for 30 minutes destroys this property of blood almost completely. 2. When the heating was for 60 minutes, 54° C. and higher temperatures apparently destroyed all the transforming power. 3. After heating for 10 minutes, 70° C. destroyed almost all the transforming power, and 100° C. seemingly destroyed all. 4. Under the influence of certain temperatures blood seemingly binds transformed atoxyl, and under the influence of other temperatures frees it again. A temperature of 70° C. for 10 minutes applied to blood subsequent to its incubation with atoxyl causes nearly all the toxicity of the solution to disappear. On the other hand, a temperature of 100° C. for 10 minutes applied to blood subsequent to incubation with atoxyl leaves the solution almost as toxic as if the blood had not been heated at all after the incubation. 5. Some of the transformed atoxyl bound by blood when it is heated to 70° C. for 10 minutes is freed if the heating at 70° C. is prolonged to 30 minutes. See PDF for Structure 6. Blood which has bound transformed atoxyl gives up most, but not all, of this toxic substance when heated to 100° for 10 minutes. All, or nearly all, is freed when the heating at 100° C. is continued for 30 minutes. 7. Under the influence of 70° C. for io minutes transformed atoxyl may be made to enter blood corpuscles, for the fluid above these corpuscles is rendered non-toxic and does not become toxic again when heated to 100° for 20 minutes, provided it contains no laked blood. The blood corpuscles, on the other hand, when heated to 100° for 20 minutes in contact with fresh salt solution, make this solution quite toxic. 8. Laked blood in contact with transformed atoxyl behaves like unlaked blood when heated to 70° C. and to 100° C. for 10 to 30 minutes. 9. The toxic substance can be concentrated by heating the blood corpuscles in contact with transformed atoxyl to 70° C. for 10 minutes, centrifugalizing, removing a large part of the supernatant fluid, and then heating to 100° C. for 30 minutes. 10. The power of blood to take up and bind transformed atoxyl is destroyed apparently completely by heating blood to 100° C. for 10 minutes. 11. The toxic substance into which atoxyl is transformed (transformed atoxyl) is thermostabile, but the transforming agent in blood is thermolabile.

To the pathogenesis of anemia in children

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-353
Author(s):  
E. P. Krever
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Diseases that cause anemia are very diverse, and therefore it is very difficult to classify anemias according to their etiology, and due to various constitutional and other characteristics of the organism, the same cause can cause different phenomena. It is easier to approach the question of the cause of anemia by determining whether erythropoiesis suffers from this disease or whether there is an increased breakdown of red blood cells. In the body, the state of the blood is composed of two processes: on the one hand, erythropoiesis, on the other hand, the decay of erythrocytes. Demonstrative formula Yerringer'a E R D (Blutmauserung), where E is the number of erythrocytes, P is their production and D ~ destruction. As long as P balances M, the difference E. remains unchanged. If D, that is, hemolysis, increases more than P, then we get a hemolytic type of anemia. If D hemolysis remains unchanged, but P decreases we get an aplastic type of anemia.

scholarly journals The inhibitory action upon subsequent Phagocytosis, exerted on active normal serum by inactive normal serum through which Bacilli have been passed

1907 ◽  
Vol 79 (534) ◽  
pp. 482-484 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Normal Human Serum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Supernatant Fluid ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Normal Human

Considerable difference of opinion still prevails regarding the nature of the opsonic substances present in normal serum. Wright, Bulloch and Atkin, etc., uphold the view that the opsonin of normal serum is a simple thermolabile body. Muir, on the other hand, regards the opsonin as a body which behaves like complement, while Dean holds that it is essentially thermostable and in all probability co-operates in its action with a thermolabile complement. The demonstration of anti-bodies by complement-deviation experiments (Bordet, Gengou, Pfeiffer and Friedberger, etc.) has recently proved fruitful in connection with the bacteriolysins, hæmolysins, precipitins of immune sera, and the following experiments were designed to test whether, by a similar method applied to phagocytosis, the presence in normal serum of opsonic amboceptors could be demonstrated :─ Experiment I. Normal human serum was heated for 30 mins. at 60° C. (denoted “ A ”). A very thick emulsion of tubercle bacilli in 1 : 1000 salt solution was added in equal volumes to “ A ” and kept in contact therewith for 1 hr. 30 mins. at 37° C. The mixture was then centrifugalised (7000 revolutions per minute) for 1 hr., and the supernatant fluid pipetted off (denoted “ B ”).

Evaluating Hemolytic and Photo Hemolytic Potential of Organophosphorus by In Vitro Method as an Alternative Tool Using Human Erythrocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 738-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L.G. Soria ◽  
Fabiola R. Ramirez ◽  
Alberto B. Pliego ◽  
Héctor R.D. Guadarrama ◽  
Guadalupe P.M. Farrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Other Hand

Aims: The present study aims to determine the phototoxic and haemolytic activity of organophosphorus. The use of alternative in vitro assays with human erythrocytes is suggested to predict the polluting effect of these products on health. Methodology: Human erythrocytes from Toluca Blood Bank were used. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was employed as a positive control. Additionally, the haemolysis percentage of three organophosphate (Acetate, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Methamidophos, Methyl Parathion) induced photo haemolysis formulated with surfactants on a concentration of 2 x 109 erythrocytes were evaluated. Finally, the products were classified as irritant or phototoxic. Results: Results showed that the HC50 red blood cells were similar for each organophosphate (Malathion and Methamidophos) indicating very irritant action with ratio classification (L/D) of 0.041 and 0.053, respectively. On the other hand, Chlorpyrifos was classified as an irritant with L/D= 0.14. On the other hand, the HC50 obtained photo hemolysis assays irradiated red blood cells was similar for each organophosphate (Acetate, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Methamidophos, Methyl Parathion) indicating no phototoxic action. Conclusion: As a conclusion, it can be said that the parameters of haemolysis and denaturation of proteins are good indicators to classify organophosphorus formulated with surfactants as irritating or phototoxic.

On the causes of Wasserman's positive reaction to malaria

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-270
Author(s):  
О. Fischer ◽  
О. Günsbeter
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Complementary Binding

It has long been known that the serum of patients infected with malaria produces positive WaR. both during and some time after an attack. Since every attack of malaria is accompanied by the destruction of a significant number of red blood cells and, on the other hand, extracts from the organs of erythrocyte-rich cells are used to diagnose luteal serodiagnosis, the authors have suggested that positive WaR serum from malaria-infected patients is due to the reaction of erythrocyte lipoids with homologous antibodies. On this basis, the authors studied the complementary binding properties of erythrocyte extracts.

Starość w nauczaniu św. Bazylego Wielkiego

Vox Patrum ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Bogdan Czyżewski
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Spiritual Maturity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Physical Suffering ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Almost All

Although St. Basil did not live 50 years, the topic of the old age appears in his works quite often. On the other hand, it is clear that Basil does not discuss this issue in one par­ticular work or in the longer argumentation. The fragmentary statements about old age can be found in almost all his works, but most of them can be found in the correspondence of Basil. In this paper we present the most important ad the most interesting aspect of teach­ing of Basil the Great. As these certificates show that the bishop of Caesarea looked at the old age maturely, rationally estimated passage of time, which very often makes a man different. He experienced it, for example as a spiritual and physical suffering, which often were connected with his person. He saw a lot of aspect of the old age, especially its advan­tages – spiritual maturity and wisdom. What is more, he pointed also to passage of time, which leads a man to eternity, which should be prepared to, regardless how old he is. In his opinion fear is not seen opinions of St. Basil present really Christian way of thinking, well-balanced and calm.

Resolving the Lourinia armata (Claus, 1866) complex with remarks on the monophyletic status of Louriniidae, Monard 1927 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5051 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-386
Author(s):  
SÜPHAN KARAYTUĞ ◽  
SERDAR SAK ◽  
ALP ALPER ◽  
SERDAR SÖNMEZ
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Nicobar Island ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Almost All

An attempt was made to test if Lourinia armata (Claus, 1866)—as it is currently diagnosed—represents a species complex. Detailed examination and comparisons of several specimens collected from different localities suggest that L. armata indeed represents a complex of four closely related morphospecies that can be differentiated from one another by only detailed observations. One of the four species is identified as Lourinia aff. armata and the other three species are described as new to science and named as Lourinia wellsi sp. nov., L. gocmeni sp. nov., and L. aldabraensis sp. nov. Detailed review of previous species records indicates that the genus Lourinia Wilson, 1924 is distributed worldwide. Ceyloniella nicobarica Sewell, 1940, originally described from Nicobar Island and previously considered a junior subjective synonym of L. armata is reinstated as Lourinia nicobarica (Sewell, 1940) comb. nov. on the basis of the unique paddle-shaped caudal ramus seta V. It is postulated that almost all of these records are unreliable in terms of representing true Lourinia aff. armata described herein. On the other hand, the comparative evaluation of the illustrations and descriptions in the published literature indicates the presence of several new species waiting to be discovered in the genus Lourinia.                 It has been determined that, according to updated modern keys, the recent inclusion of the monotypic genus Archeolourinia Corgosinho & Schizas, 2013 in the Louriniidae is not justified since Archeolourinia shermani Corgosinho & Schizas, 2013 does not belong to this family but should be assigned to the Canthocamptidae. On the other hand, it has been argued that the exact phylogenetic position of the Louriniidae still remains problematic since none of the diagnostic characters supports the monophyly of the family within the Oligoarthra. It has also been argued that the close relationship between Louriniidae and Canthocamptidae is supported since both families share the homologous sexual dimorphism (apophysis) on P3 endopod. The most important characteristic that can possibly be used to define Louriniidae is the reduction of maxilliped.  

scholarly journals STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF USING “DICTIONARY POCKET” AS A MEDIUM TO IMPROVE THEIR VOCABULARY MASTERY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Titi Mariah ◽  
Yanti Yusanti ◽  
Ula Nisa El Fauziah
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Descriptive Method

Vocabulary known as an essential skill for learning to read, speak, write and listen. It is important to find the appropriate technique in order to improve students’ vocabulary mastery. The researchers did research with focuses on students’ perception towards using “dictionary pocket” in order to improve their vocabulary mastery. It was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. To collect the data, the researchers use the instruments of an open-ended questionnaire and interview section. The samples were 36 students of second grade from Broadcasting major at SMK Negeri 1 Cimahi. The result of the questionnaire shows that it was found that almost all of the students feel that with learn vocabulary can be easier when they use the technique of remembering dictionary pocket. They also agree that dictionary pocket is an appropriate technique which is used to learn vocabulary. In the other hand, the result of interview shows, the students concede that they are feel helped and being motivated. It can be sum up that dictionary pocket is suitable to strengthen their vocabulary mastery. Dictionary pocket is useful enough because it can help them when they forget the word.

Malaria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Jayakumar ◽  
Zahir Osman Eltahir Babiker
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Anopheline Mosquito ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Human Infections

Malaria is a tropical parasitic infection of the red blood cells caused by the protozoal species Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi. It is transmitted through the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito. The average incubation period is twelve to fourteen days. Congenital and blood-borne transmissions can also occur. P. falciparum and P. vivax account for most human infections but almost all deaths are caused by P. falciparum, with children under five years of age bearing the brunt of morbidity and mortality in endemic countries. P. falciparum is dominant in sub-Saharan Africa whereas P. vivax predominates in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. P. ovalae and P. malaria are less common and are mainly found in sub-Saharan Africa. P. knowlesi primarily causes malaria in macaques and is geographically restricted to southeast Asia. While taking a blood meal, the female anopheline mosquito injects motile sporozoites into the bloodstream. Within half an hour, the sporozoites invade the hepatocytes and start dividing to form tissue schizonts. In P. vivax and P. ovale, some of the sporozoites that reach the liver develop into hypnozoites and stay dormant within the hepatocytes for months to years after the original infection. The schizonts eventually rupture releasing daughter merozoites into the bloodstream. The merozoites develop within the red blood cells into ring forms, trophozoites, and eventually mature schizont. This part of the life cycle takes twenty-four hours for P. knowlesi; forty-eight hours for P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale; and seventy-two hours for P. malariae. In P. vivax and P. ovale, some of the sporozoites that reach the liver develop into hypnozoites and stay dormant within the hepatocytes for months to years after the original infection. The hallmark of malaria pathogenesis is parasite sequestration in major organs leading to cytoadherence, endothelial injury, coagulopathy, vascular leakage, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and tissue inflammation. Malaria is the most frequently imported tropical disease in the UK with an annual case load of around 2000. P. falciparum is the predominant imported species, and failure to take chemoprophylaxis is the commonest risk factor.

Effets de la coupe à blanc et de la coupe par bandes sur la régénération obtenue après 5 ans dans des pessières noires du Québec

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pominville ◽  
Jean-Claude Ruel
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Coupe À Blanc

An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of traditional clear-cutting with those of strip cutting on regeneration of black spruce, Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P., stands on scarified and unscarified uplands and on lowlands. To that effect, regeneration surveys were done before cutting, in the following year, and 3 and 5 years after cutting. Five years after harvesting, strip cutting led to higher coniferous stocking than clear-cutting on scarified uplands and on lowlands. On unscarified uplands, the gain attributable to strip cutting was not significant. The coniferous stocking of strip cuts on scarified uplands was not greater than on unscarified uplands. So the efficiency of scarification could not be proved in that study. Stocking obtained after 5 years remained closely related to the one observed immediately after harvesting in the strip cufs as in the clear-cuttings. This is particularly true for balsam fir, Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill. In the strip cuts, the balsam fir stocking was constant while the one of black spruce increased. This could have an impact on the evolution of the composition of the new stands and, consequently, on their vulnerability to spruce budworm, Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.). The majority of the clear-cuttings were well regenerated 5 years after harvesting. Their average coniferous stocking was slightly above 60%. However, 48% of the clear-cuttings did not reach this level when only unscarified plots on uplands were considered. Advance growth was abundant in those plots but suffered high losses during harvesting. Consequently, reducing the losses during harvesting would result in a lower proportion of clear-cuttings with insufficient coniferous stocking 5 years after cutting. On the other hand, almost all the strip cuts with insufficient regeneration after harvesting were well regenerated 5 years later. Thus, strip cutting could be an interesting option on sites with insufficient advance growth and on sites well regenerated before cutting but where important losses during harvesting are anticipated.

scholarly journals Conversaziones 1951

1951 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Rabbit Blood

The Society’s Conversaziones this year were held on Thursday, 24 May 1951 and on Thursday, 28 June 1951. At the former there were thirty exhibits and at the latter twenty-four. The exhibits ranged through physical and biological sciences and once again the Society gratefully acknowledges the contribution of the exhibitors towards making these evenings, when the Society is host to its many friends, so successful. At both Conversaziones two films were shown, one entitled ‘ The freezing and thawing of living cells ’ which illustrated the work of Mr C. Polge, Mr J. Smiles and Dr Audrey Smith of the National Institute for Medical Research, London : the other film was entitled ‘ Medical aspects of venomous snakes ’ made by the Wellcome Foundation Limited. The former film showed how suspensions of fowl spermatozoa and of rabbit blood cells in the presence of glycerol could be taken to temperatures of — 60° C and on raising the temperature, the spermatozoa resumed fertility and the red blood cells are preserved from haemolysis. The film describing the snakes was in colour : that part of the photography dealing with living snakes was made at the London Zoo—not without some interesting moments ! These films, and the exhibits for the first Soirée, were seen by some 250 scholars on the morning of Friday, 25 May. Sir David Brunt, Vice-President and Physical Secretary, welcomed these young men and women of science, and Professor Finch, Chairman of the Soiree Committee, addressed them on some of the exhibits which they were about to see. From communications received since, it is clearly evident that this invitation to science scholars in the London area is greatly appreciated.

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