scholarly journals EFFECTS OF pH AND OF VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE ON MUSCULAR ACTIVITY OF THE ISOLATED CROP OF PERIPLANETA AMERICANA (ORTHOPTERA)

1943 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Griffiths ◽  
Oscar E. Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Physiological Salt Solution ◽  
Activity Product ◽  
Hydroxyl Ion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Increased Activity

1. Twenty-five solutions which contained KCl (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 gm. per liter), in combination with CaCl2 (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 gm. per liter), 10.0 gm. of NaCl, and 0.2 gm. of NaHCO3 per liter of solution were tested in order to determine satisfactory KCl/CaCl2 ratios in an insect physiological salt mixture for the maintenance of muscular activity by the isolated crop of the American roach. Satisfactory activity products (0.390 to 0.549) were obtained in seven mixtures with KCl/CaCl2 ratios of 0.2/0.2, 0.4/0.4, 0.6/0.6, 0.8/0.8, 0.2/0.4, 0.4/0.6, and 0.6/0.8, expressed as gram per liter. These ratios lie between 0.50 and 1.00. In solutions which contained calcium, but no potassium, approximately 50 per cent of the crops exhibited an initial tone increase and were arrested in rigor. See Fig. 2. In solutions which contained potassium, but no calcium, all crops showed an initial loss of tone and arrest in relaxation. See Fig. 2. 2. Seven KCl/CaCl2 ratios (see paragraph 1 above) were tested with eight NaCl concentrations (1.0, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, and 1.8 per cent) at a pH of 8.0. In these mixtures, the ones with KCl/CaCl2 ratios of less than 1.0 produced higher activity products than those with ratios equal to 1.00. The highest average activity product (0.849) was obtained in the solutions with 0.2 gm. of KCl and 0.4 gm. of CaCl2 per liter. 3. Four KCl/CaCl2 ratios (0.2/0.2, 0.4/0.4, 0.2/0.4, and 0.4/0.6 gm. per liter) were tested with 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6 per cent NaCl at a pH of 7.5. When analyzed with data from comparable solutions at a pH of 8.0, it was found that 1.4 per cent NaCl afforded an optimum environment for isolated crop activity. 4. Effects of hydrogen and hydroxyl ion concentrations were studied at pH values of 6.8, 7.5, 8.0, and 8.9. The highest average activity product, 1.011, was produced at a pH of about 8.0. 5. A satisfactory physiological salt solution for the isolated foregut of the American roach, Periplaneta americana, would contain 14.0 gm. of NaCl, 0.4 gm. of CaCl2, 0.2 gm. of KCl, and 0.2 gm. of NaHCO3 per liter of solution. This mixture should have a pH value between 7.8 and 8.2. 6. Durations of crop activity extending over periods as long as 25 hours were quite common, and several crops maintained contractions for more than 30 hours. The greatest longevity was for crop 814, from a female, which continued activity for slightly more than 47 hours. 7. A significant difference between the activity products of the crops from males and the crops from females was recorded. Although there was not a significant difference in the amount of food ingested by males and females, 12 hours after feeding there was more food in the females' crops, and the food progressed more rapidly through the males' crops than through the females'. In addition, crops from the two sexes reacted differently to the effects of day old solutions. This sex difference is apparently related to an inherently increased activity of the crop from the male roach.

DIP quality influenced by process water quality

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
DENNIS VOSS ◽  
HANS-JOACHIM PUTZ ◽  
SAMUEL SCHABEL
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Contamination Levels

The need for deinking mills to reduce their fresh water consumption has resulted in higher loads of various contaminants in the process water. Lower recovered paper quality also leads to higher contamination levels in the mills. This higher load has an influence on achievable target brightness. The objective of the work was to determine and explain the main reasons for relatively poor deinked pulp quality or poor deinking potential based on the influence of recovered paper composition and process water quality. The process water parameters significantly affect the deinking potential of recovered paper. The test results showed the negative effects of increased water hardness. For standard recovered paper mixtures, flotation selectivity is higher with increasing flotation pH-value. Good results were realized for standard recovered paper with low hardness, low surface tension, and high pH-value. The results for recovered paper containing flexo newsprint could be slightly improved with low hardness, low surface tension, and low pH-value. The results of the test program using design of experiments showed interacting effects of pH-value and surface tension on luminosity and flotation selectivity.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ROLE PLAYING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS V SDN 032 KUALU KECAMATAN TAMBANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Hasan Basri
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Student Activity ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Increased Activity

The problem in this research is found in Indonesian subjects that of the 30 students with KKM 75, which has already reached KKM as many as 15 people (41.7%), while that has not reached the KKM as many as 21 students (58.3%). The situation was caused by the teacher in explaining the lesson Indonesian still using a model of lectures and familiarize students to memorize, so that students can develop their ideas. The problems of this study as follows: Is the learning model application role playing can improve learning outcomes Indonesian fifth grade students of SDN 032 Kualu Kecamatan Tambang? This study aims to improve learning outcomes Indonesian grade students of SDN 032 Kualu Kecamatan Tambang through the application of learning models role playing. This research was conducted one month from the month of April 2015. The research was conducted 2 cycles, with each cycle consisting of two meetings as well as twice daily tests. Classroom action research in order to succeed, the researchers set the stage that action planning, action, observation and reflection. Based on the research results, it could be concluded that the activity of teachers in learning implementation role playing, in the first cycle average teacher activity amounted to 62.50% in the category of less pretty, and the activities of teachers in the second cycle of 84.72% in both categories once. Thus there is increased activity of teachers by 22.22% from the first cycle to the second cycle. The average activity of students in the first cycle the percentage of student activity in learning tends to increase. At the first meeting with the average student activity that is 61.25% with the category enough. At the second meeting increased by an average of student activity that is 81.25% with the category enough. The average increase in the activity of the students from the first cycle to the second cycle of 20.00%. The class classically considered complete when a class has achieved a score of 85% of the amount due or to KKM 75 then the class is said to be completed (90.00%). From the above shows that the application of learning models can improve outcomes role playing learning Indonesian grade students of SDN 032 Kualu Kecamatan Tambang, it can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted as true action.

Effects of pH Value in the Electrolyte on the Properties of Cu2ZnSnS4Thin Film Fabricated by Single Step Co-Electrodeposition

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. P521-P525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Shuying Cheng ◽  
Jinling Yu ◽  
Yunfeng Lai ◽  
Haifang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Effects Of Ph

Effects of pH value on the formation of volatiles of Shiitake (Lentinus edodes), an edible mushroom

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu Chin Chen ◽  
Su Der Chen ◽  
Jer Jeun Chen ◽  
Chung May Wu
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Lentinus Edodes ◽  
Effects Of Ph

Effects of pH Value on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Super 13Cr Tubing Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Fei Yao ◽  
Fa Qin Xie ◽  
Xiang Qing Wu ◽  
Yi Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Susceptibility Index ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Effects Of Ph

Effects of pH value on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of super 13Cr tubing steel were investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution, that mechanics properties and fracture morphology and SCC resistance and stress corrosion cracking susceptibility index (kscc) were analyzed by slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) stress corrosion cracking experiment method and σ-ε curve and SEM. the results Effects of pH value on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of super 13Cr tubing steel were investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution, that mechanics properties and fracture morphology and SCC resistance and stress corrosion cracking susceptibility index (kscc) were analyzed by slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) stress corrosion cracking experiment method and σ-ε curve and SEM. the results showed that super 13Cr tubing steel has good properties of resistance stress corrosion cracking in acidic medium, effects of pH value on super13Cr tubing steel resistance stress corrosion was not very obviously in the acidic medium, with pH value decreased, super 13Cr tubing steel tensile strength decreased, elongation rate decreased, fracture area contraction ratio decreased, break time reduced, the tendency of the stress corrosion cracking increased. the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility index kσ and kε were all increasing, that increased degree of kε were obviously than kσ, effects of pH value on the plastic deformation of super 13Cr tubing steel were greater than tensile strength.

Effect of wood acidity and catalyst on UF resin gel time

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Xing ◽  
S.Y. Zhang ◽  
J. Deng
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gel Time ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Fiber Materials

Abstract Knowledge of pH and buffering capacity of raw fiber materials is important for understanding the effects of raw material on the curing rate of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin, used for panel manufacturing, especially with some less-desirable wood materials such as bark, top, and commercial thinnings. The effects of pH and buffering capacity as well as catalyst content on the gel time of UF resin were investigated. The results obtained from this study indicate that bark has a lower pH value as well as higher acid and alkaline buffering capacities than wood of the same species due to their extractives. The pH values of the raw fiber materials studied decrease with increased absolute and relative acid buffering capacity due to the increased absolute acidity mass in the solution. At lower levels of added catalyst, the effect of raw material pH on UF resin gel time is significant, while it is insignificant at higher catalyst contents. This may be due to the acidity of wood, which is the main acid catalyst source of the mixture at lower levels of added catalyst, while at higher levels, catalyst is the main source. With higher catalyst contents, all studied raw materials mixed with UF resin result in a longer gel time than does UF resin alone.

scholarly journals Diversity, Abundance, and Foraging Behavior of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Scavenging on American Cockroach in Various Habitats of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ahmed Ashigar ◽  
Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Paratrechina Longicornis

Ants play a vital role in removing dead arthropods from the environment. Complex foraging patterns are used by ants to locate food items and overwhelm even larger insects such as cockroach. Consequently, the biotic interaction between the ants and the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, another home infesting and a vector of major food-borne diseases, may lead to microbial handover and ease the spread of mechanically transmitted human pathogenic microbes. This study was done to determine the diversity and abundance of cockroach-foraging ants in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Ten households were randomly selected from 14 locations: 5 residential communities from three most urbanized areas (Lafia, Akwanga, and Keffi) and 5 rural communities. Four remaining locations were nonresidential from Lafia and Akwanga, respectively. A total of 1,364 ants belonging to three subfamilies (Myrmicinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) were collected from 140 households. Pheidole rugaticeps Emery recorded the highest relative abundance (52%) followed by Pheidole decarinata Santschi (16%), Pheidole sp. (17%), Camponotus maculatus (7%), Paratrechina longicornis (7%), while both Crematogaster sp. and Brachyponera sennaarensis recorded the lowest relative abundance (1%). There is a significant difference in the species diversity between the urban and the rural communities. Pheidole rugaticeps, P. decarinata, Pheidole sp., and P. longicornis were more organized in foraging and operating in group by recruiting nest-mate for collecting fragments of dead cockroach. Studies on the epidemiology, conservation implications, and biocontrol potentials of these Pheidole species are recommended.

scholarly journals Heterotrophic Bacteria Play an Important Role in Endemism of Cephalostachyum pingbianense (Hsueh & Y.M. Yang ex Yi et al.) D.Z. Li & H.Q. Yang, 2007, a Full-Year Shooting Woody Bamboo

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Tize Xia ◽  
Lushuang Li ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Peitong Dou ◽  
Hanqi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Soil Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Woody Bamboos ◽  
Soil Bacterial

The previous studies show soil microbes play a key role in the material and nutrient cycles in the forest ecosystem, but little is known about how soil microbes respond to plant distribution, especially in the soil bacterial community in woody bamboo forests. Cephalostachyum pingbianense (Hsueh & Y.M. Yang ex Yi et al.) D.Z. Li & H.Q. Yang, 2007 is known as the only bamboo species producing shoots all year round in natural conditions. Endemic to the Dawei mountain in Yunnan of China, this species is a good case to study how soil bacteria respond to plant endemic distribution. In this work, we assayed the soil chemical properties, enzyme activity, changes in the bacterial community along the distribution range of the C. pingbianense forest. The results showed that soil nutrients at the range edge were nitrogen-rich but phosphorus-deficient, and soil pH value and soil urease activity were significantly lower than that of the central range. No significant difference was detected in soil bacterial diversity, community composition, and function between the central and marginal range of C. pingbianense forest. Notably, the relative abundance of heterotrophy bacteria, such as Variibacter and Acidothermus, in the soil of the C. pingbianense forest was significantly higher than that of the outside range, which may lead to a higher soil organic carbon mineralization rate. These results imply that abundant heterotrophy bacteria were linked to the endemism and full-year shooting in C. pingbianense. Our study is amongst the first cases demonstrating the important role of heterotrophy bacteria in the distribution formation of endemic woody bamboos in special soil habitats, and provides insight into germplasm conservation and forest management in woody bamboos.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSENTRASI STARTER BAKTERI Lactobacillus plantarum TERHADAP BEBERAPA KOMPONEN MUTU TEPUNG PORANG (Amorphophallus oncophyllus)

Pro Food ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Ade Irma Juliana ◽  
Moegiratul Amaro ◽  
Nazaruddin Nazaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polynomial Orthogonal

ABSTRACT               This study aims to determine the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial starter concentration on some quality of the porang flour. This study used experimental design one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisted of BAL concentration (KB) of Lactobacillus plantarum with 6 treatments which is 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Each of treatment were repeated three times to obtain 18 unit samples. Data from observations were analyzed using analysis of variance (Analysis of Variance) at 5% significance level using Co-stat software. If there are significant differences, a further Polynomial Orthogonal and Honestly Significant Difference (BNJ) test is performed at a level of 5%. The parameters observed included pH value, protein content, water content, yield, total lactic acid bacteria, organoleptic parameters of color and aroma (hedonic and scoring). The results showed that the concentration of Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial 20% was the best treatment in producing porang flour, pH value 5.72, protein content 6.49%, yield 9.33%, total lactic acid bacteria 6.66 log CFU / g and color rather brown and slightly acidic aroma and somewhat preferred by panelists. Keywords: Porang flour, starter concentration, Lactobacillus plantarum   ABSTRAK             Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi starter bakteri Lactobacillus plantarum terhadap beberapa komponen mutu tepung porang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor yakni konsentrasi BAL (KB) jenis Lactobacillus plantarum dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25%. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 18 unit percobaan. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan analisis keragaman (Analysis of Variance) pada taraf nyata 5% menggunakan software Co-stat. Apabila terdaapat beda nyata, dilakukan uji lanjut Polynomial Orthogonal dan Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5%. Adapun parameter yang diamati meliputi nilai pH, kadar protein, kadar air, rendemen, total bakteri asam laktat, parameter organoleptik warna dan aroma (hedonik dan scoring). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi strater bakteri Lactobacillus plantarum 20% merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam menghasilkan tepung porang nilai pH 5,72, kadar protein 6,49%, rendemen 9,33%, total bakteri asam laktat 6,66 log CFU/g serta warna agak coklat dan aroma agak asam serta agak disukai panelis.    Kata Kunci: Tepung porang, konsentrasi starter, Lactobacillus plantarum

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