scholarly journals The Teacher as a Professional Expert

1893 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Bushnell Hart
Keyword(s):  
Professional Expert

Trust as a Success Factor in Open Innovation

2012 ◽  
pp. 11-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Ciesielska ◽  
Zilia Iskoujina
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The Political ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Professional Expert ◽  
Open Source Communities ◽  
Crucial Ingredient ◽  
Successful Collaboration

This chapter analyzes trust, open innovation, and software development modes. Basing on the case of GNOME – Nokia collaboration, it shows how trust can be perceived as a strategic resource, which is actually the crucial ingredient of successful collaboration. The dichotomy of the professional (expert) trust and the political trust is proposed as an interpretive key to understanding trust enactment in open source communities.

Globalization and the Concept of the Second City

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Hodos
Keyword(s):  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Professional Expert ◽  
The City ◽  
City Identity

Globalization is fundamentally reorienting how cities are connected to one another through trade, migration, communication, and representation. Whereas most existing research has concentrated on unambiguously global cities, in this paper I discuss the positions of cities lower down in the urban hierarchy. I argue that “second cities” constitute a type characterized by distinct patterns of global integration. This second city pattern is constituted by the following: globally active firms in nonfinancial industries; a common migration pattern; a tradition of innovation in political ideologies and professional/expert cultures; a common historical trajectory due largely to transportation projects that integrate the city more deeply into global flows; and the growth over time of a second–city identity. The paper is primarily theoretical; the empirical background, from which some examples will be drawn, is Philadelphia (United States) and Manchester (United Kingdom), across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

scholarly journals Identifying Functional Factor for Developing the Community Centre in Kuala Lumpur

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Nastaran Jafari ◽  
Nangkula Utaberta
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Professional Expert ◽  
Community Facilities ◽  
Community Centre

Malaysian community centres in city like the developed countries is too bear the responsibility of providing community facilities to the urban mass. Community centre is one of the main social facilities with the purpose of facilitating community interaction and finally, contributing community development in urban areas. The study frames by in-depth interview with the deputy director of urban design, building department and professional expert in urban design project. this study assessed approaches that participations can use to evaluate critical factors for developing the community centres.A city like Kuala Lumpur, wherescarcity of spaces for community gathering and interaction is severe, it is urgent to resolve theproblems and enhance the potentials for ensuring effective and multipurpose uses of thecommunity centres. This research approaches that community centre can be a pole of community development.

scholarly journals Quantifying Differences Between Professional Expert Engineers and Engineering Students Designing: Empirical Foundations for Improved Engineering Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Becker ◽  
John Gero ◽  
Morteza Pourmohamadi ◽  
Sarah Abdellahi ◽  
Lilian Maria de Souza Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Professional Expert

scholarly journals Do Auditing Standards Matter?

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. A1-A16 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Robert Knechel
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Audit Firms ◽  
Auditing Standards ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
Information Advantage ◽  
Professional Expert

SUMMARY Properly understanding the economic role of auditing standards is an important step toward improving both audit effectiveness and efficiency. In this essay, I observe that auditing standards are most important when an auditor may have an incentive to under-audit. While this conclusion may not come as a surprise, the conditions under which standards may, or may not, have a desirable effect on audit quality are less obvious. More specifically, I present a number of observations about what standards can do: Standards can (1) compensate for the lack of observability of the audit outcome by focusing on the audit process; (2) partially mitigate the information advantage possessed by the auditor as a professional expert that might motivate the auditor to under-audit; (3) counterbalance the diversity of demand across multiple stakeholders that might drive the audit to the lowest common denominator and create a market based on adverse selection; and (4) provide a benchmark that facilitates the calibration of an auditor's legal liability in the event of a substandard audit. However, I also present a number of observations about what standards should not try to do: Standards should not (1) discourage the use of judgment by auditors; (2) limit the potential demand for economically valuable alternative levels of assurance; (3) lead to excessive procedural routine or standardization in the conduct of the audit; and (4) be set based on an enforcement agenda. In the end, standards overreach may undermine the economic value of the audit to many stakeholders and lead to fee pressure for audit firms. Hopefully, these insights can inform future debates about the level and types of standards that are appropriate for the auditing profession.

Differences in actual persuasiveness between experiential and professional expert evidence

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Burgers ◽  
Anneke de Graaf ◽  
Sabine Callaars
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Expert Evidence ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
News Report ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Professional Expert

This study investigates the persuasiveness of different types of expert evidence. Following Wagemans (2011), two types of experts were distinguished that can be used in expert evidence: experiential experts (who base their expertise on personal experience) and professional experts (who base their expertise on professional knowledge). In a between-subjects experiment (N = 179), these different types of experts were included in a news report on a political issue. Results indicate that the perceived expertise and persuasiveness of professional experts was higher than that of experiential experts. Perceived expertise completely mediated the effects of the different types of expert evidence on persuasion. These results point towards a recommendation of using professional expert evidence over experiential expert evidence in reporting on political issues.

Aspects of Advice Giving and Advice Receiving in Television Talk Shows

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apostolos Poulios
Keyword(s):  
Reality Television ◽  
Talk Shows ◽  
Institutional Interaction ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Advice Giving ◽  
Ordinary Conversation ◽  
Professional Expert

AbstractAdvice giving sequences are often the result of troubles telling sequences in both ordinary conversation and institutional interaction: it is often the case that a troubles teller is offered advice by interlocutors which he/she tends to reject because the interactional rights of a troubles teller are valued and troubles tellers are reluctant to abandon them. This paper analyses advice giving that takes place during Greek reality-television talk shows in which people participate to talk about their troubles and possibly find a solution to the problems they face. Advice is offered by the host/hostess of these shows and/or a professional expert. I explore the ways in which advice is either accepted or rejected during the shows by the guests. The analysis indicates that the guests accept advice that affiliates with their troubles and tend to resist advice that is hearable as criticism of their actions and perspectives. In addition, advice recipients often resort to troubles talk as seeking affiliation with their troubles seems to be more important for them in the talk-show context.

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