On Emergence of Institute of Commissioners of Council for Religious Cults under the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR in 1944–1945

The article deals with Muslim religious fi gures (imams, seyids, abyzs, muezzins, mullahs) of the Tatar Sloboda of Moscow, located in the Zamoskvorechye district, of the 17th-18th centuries. Many names and details of the life of religious fi gures are for the fi rst time described by means of use of documents of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts and the Central Historical Archive of Moscow. The Council for Religious Aff airs under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR, created in May and June 1944, faced a number of problems from the very beginning of its work. One of them was the creation of new posts in the regions those authorized by this Council. Some of the leaders of the regions of the USSR believed that such positions were not necessary. In many respects, this attitude resulted in diffi culties in the work of the authorized representatives of this Council: delays in the allocation of specially equipped offi ces, sending on long business trips not related to the performance of duties, failure to comply with the decisions of the state leadership on the payment of salaries to the authorized representatives, which should have corresponded to their position. Despite the measures taken from the fi rst days by the leadership of the Council, relying on the leadership of the USSR, many of the problems associated with the commissioners, primarily with the staffi ng of their staff , both in quality and quantity, in the 1940s became chronic and did not were resolved during these years. In many ways, a signifi cant part of the diffi culties in the work of the commissioners arose from ignorance and failure to comply with a set of offi cial documents, including service letters and instructions. Analysis of various aspects of the activities of the authorized representatives of the Council for Religious Aff airs is not only purely theoretical, but also of great practical importance for the authorities at all levels, which interact with religious organizations in their daily work.

POLITICAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNOCULTURAL COMPONENT IN THE ACTIVITIES OF REGIONAL UNIVERSITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Статья посвящена исследованию степени соответствия современной политики российского государства в сфере образования, процессов, происходящих в региональных университетах, политико-правовым основам многонациональной Российской Федерации, заложенным в Конституции, других важнейших документах, определяющих принципы её государственно-территориального устройства. Эти основы официально гарантируют российским народам и регионам всестороннее социокультурное, образовательное, научно-технологическое развитие. Целью работы является всесторонний анализ просчётов деятельности российского государства в образовательной сфере в постсоветский период, приведших к проблемам, не позволяющим региональным университетам сегодня решать возлагаемые на них обществом функции, а также поиск путей их решения. Процесс реализации данной цели определил следующие задачи: проанализировать степень соответствия постсоветской политики российского государства в образовательной сфере провозглашённым политико-правовым основам государственного устройства РФ, гарантиям социокультурного развития российских народов; выявить взаимосвязь результатов современных реформ в системе высшего образования с объективными функциями региональных университетов РФ; раскрыть позитивный потенциал региональных университетов в решении социально-экономических, социокультурных проблем регионов и народов РФ, сохранении и укреплении её евразийской цивилизационной сущности; исследовать негативные последствия постсоветских реформ, отразившихся на состояние дел в региональных университетах, наметить пути решения возникающих проблем; показать важность учёта этнокультурного компонента в системе образования многонациональной РФ, определяющего личностные и профессиональные качества подрастающих поколений, способствующего достижению межнационального согласия и стабильности в российском обществе. The paper is devoted to the study of the degree of compliance of the modern policy of the Russian state in the field of education, the processes taking place in regional universities with the political and legal foundations of the multinational Russian Federation, laid down in the Constitution, and other important documents that determine the principles of its state-territorial structure. These foundations officially guarantee the Russian peoples and regions comprehensive socio-cultural, educational, scientific and technological development. The purpose of the work is a comprehensive analysis of the miscalculations of the activities of the Russian state in the educational sphere in the post-Soviet period, which led to problems that do not allow regional universities today to solve the functions assigned to them by society, as well as the search for ways to solve them. The process of implementing this goal defined the following tasks: to analyze the degree of compliance of the post-Soviet policy of the Russian state in the educational sphere with the proclaimed political and legal foundations of the state structure of the Russian Federation, guarantees of the socio-cultural development of Russian peoples; to identify the relationship of the results of modern reforms in the higher education system with the objective functions of regional universities of the Russian Federation; to unleash the positive potential of regional universities in solving the socio-economic, sociocultural problems of the regions and peoples of the Russian Federation, preserving and strengthening its Eurasian civilizational essence; investigate the negative consequences of post-Soviet reforms on the state of affairs in regional universities, outline ways to solve emerging problems; show the importance of taking into account the ethnocultural component in the education system of the multinational Russian Federation, which determines the personal and professional qualities of younger generations, which contributes to the achievement of interethnic harmony and stability in Russian society.

Imams of the Tatar Sloboda in Moscow (17th – 18th Centuries)

The article deals with Muslim religious fi gures (imams, seyids, abyzs, muezzins, mullahs) of the Tatar Sloboda of Moscow, located in the Zamoskvorechye district, of the 17th-18th centuries. Many names and details of the life of religious fi gures are for the fi rst time described by means of use of documents of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts and the Central Historical Archive of Moscow.

ETHNOCULTURAL INEQUALITY IN THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF DAGESTANI YOUTH AND PROSPECTS FOR CIVIL CONSOLIDATION

В статье рассматривается проблема этнокультурного неравенства в научной литературе и в массовом сознании студенческой молодежи Республики Дагестан в контексте гражданской идентификации. На основе анализа социологического исследования, проведенного автором в 2021 г., выявляется корреляционная зависимость между восприятием точек зрений о нарушении или обеспечении этнорелигиозного паритета в России и уровнем гражданской идентификации. Авторская точка зрения заключается в том, что сложность для гражданской интеграции современного российского общества представляет не «множество идентичностей» россиян, сколько их неравномерное положение в социально-политической структуре российского государства. Автор делает упор на важности формирования гражданской нации как надэтнической и надрелигиозной формации, но подчеркивает преждевременность успеха данного процесса без равноправия при учете этнокультурных особенностей российских народов. В связи с чем делается вывод о необходимости создания механизма согласования интересов этнических и религиозных сообществ в субъектах Российской Федерации в целях повышения гражданской идентичности населения, так как, по мнению автора, обеспечение условий для развития этнокультурных особенностей людей повышает чувство их гражданской лояльности, создает предпосылки к открытости и терпимости к представителям иных этнокультурных традиций. The paper deals with the problem of ethnocultural inequality in the scientific literature and in the mass consciousness of the students of the Republic of Dagestan in the context of civil identification. Based on the analysis of a sociological study conducted by the author in 2021, the publication reveals a correlation between the perception of points of view about the violation or maintenance of ethno-religious parity in Russia and the level of civil identification. The author's point of view is that the difficulty for the civil integration of modern Russian society is not the "set of identities" of Russians, but rather their uneven position in the socio-political structure of the Russian state. The author emphasizes the importance of forming a civil nation as a supra-ethnic and supra-religious formation, but emphasizes the prematurity of the success of this process without equality, taking into account the ethno-cultural characteristics of the Russian peoples. In this connection, it is concluded that it is necessary to create a mechanism for coordinating the interests of ethnic and religious communities in the subjects of the Russian Federation in order to increase the civil identity of the population. Since, according to the author, providing conditions for the development of ethno-cultural characteristics of people increases the sense of their civic loyalty, creates prerequisites for openness and tolerance to representatives of other ethno-cultural traditions.

Means of communication and socio-legal aspects of interaction between subjects of religious-penitentiary space: the case of Muslims

The Constitutional and Legal Institute of Religious Freedom in the Penitentiary System is subordinated to and regulated by the rules established by the Federal Executive Body exercising law enforcement functions in the fi eld of execution of sentences (FSIN of Russia). Finding themselves isolated from society, ethnic and practising Muslims, sentenced to imprisonment, feel forced restrictions on the religious freedom. The time and place of Muslims who perform religious rites and rituals are regulated by the documents issued by the Ministry of Justice of Russia were outlined the internal regulations for correctional institutions. The state is entrusted with the duty to provide in prisons a special environment, which would enable the spiritual nourishment of Muslims, whose rights to freedom of religious life are supported by centralized Islamic religious organizations. The civil institutions exercise public control over this implementation. At the same time, the Russian State is increasingly interested in interacting with the main subjects of the religious and penitentiary space. Among them there are offi cial structures of the Islamic Ummah, sending educated imams and Islamic theologians for religious service in prisons, representatives of the Islamic expert community, also there are Public Councils on the problems of the penitentiary system under the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The present author considers the activities of Muslim spiritual departments to provide prison libraries with religious literature (the Holy Quran and semantic translations, the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad, His biography, books on Islamic law) as well as the best examples of religious literature, which manifest the traditional values of Russian Islam and the imperatives of a positive socio-cultural environment to be the signifi cant means of communication in the religious-penitentiary environment.

Statistical Literacy as a Way to Achieve Social Consensus

The maintenance of civil peace and harmony in the Russian state from time immemorial has been defined as a priority that allows maintaining the integrity of both state and territorial. Global processes taking place in the world, epidemic waves of viruses, incessant local wars, diligent attempts to separate people and peoples bring to the fore the need to consolidate society in order to ensure the national security of the country. In this context, the importance of statistics increases, which significantly affects the perception of the dominant values by society, forms the attitude of people to the state policy being pursued. At the same time, the understanding of statistical information (figures, data) in a number of cases does not correspond to reality, making it difficult to adequately assess the existing situation, which is associated with an insufficient level of statistical literacy of the population, officials and specialists in various fields of activity.

ESTABLISHMENT OF A SOVEREIGN WEALTH FUND THROUGH INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INSTITUTION IN REALISING OPTIMISATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT

Investment can encourage the acceleration of a country's development. Foreign investment improve country's economy either with partial or complete control by the asset owner or depending on international agreements used in determining the scope of investment. However, several factors hinder the entry of foreign investment in Indonesia. To overcome this, government with parliament through Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation emphasise the legal politics of forming a quo law-oriented towards improving the investment climate in Indonesia, one of which is the establishment of the Indonesian Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) under the name Investment Management Institution or Lembaga Pengelola Investasi (LPI). The purpose of this study is to see how the government's political will in attracting foreign investment is through the establishment of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and the legitimacy of using the SWF model in the Investment Management Institute (LPI). This research uses a combination of juridical-normative and comparative case study methods. The juridical-normative method is carried out by identifying library materials. Through the comparative case study method, the research will analyse the formation and concept of SWF in India and Russia. This study found that, the LPI plays a vital role in infrastructure financing on national strategic projects and can encourage increasing national foreign exchange. Also, the exact source of institutional funds originates from foreign investors as in the Indian and Russian state mechanisms.