Baseline Mycobacterial Immune Responses in HIV‐Infected Adults Primed with bacille Calmette‐Guérin during Childhood and Entering a Tuberculosis Booster Vaccine Trial

The effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK) obtained from cultured mycelia of the Basidiomycetes Coriolus versicolor on activities involved in the host defence mechanism of C57BL/6 mice bearing adenocarcinoma 755 was compared with that of live bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Delayed footpad reaction, the activity of splenic natural killer cells and interferon production induced by concanavalin A in splenic cells of healthy mice were little affected by PSK, but in mice bearing tumours PSK prevented the tumour-induced reduction in these activities. Live BCG augmented these activities in healthy mice but had little effect on the reduction of activities induced by a tumour. The immunosuppressive activity of the serum of tumour-bearing mice was reduced by PSK administration; live BCG did not have this effect. The combined use of live BCG and PSK improved these activities in the host, with synergistic increases in the antitumour effect. These results suggest that the combined use of live BCG and PSK, which have different modes of action, may be useful in the treatment of cancer.

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The impact of HIV exposure and maternal Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on infant immune responses to bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination

AIDS ◽

10.1097/qad.0000000000000536 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 155-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Christine E. Jones ◽

Anneke C. Hesseling ◽

Nontobeko G. Tena-Coki ◽

Thomas J. Scriba ◽

Novel N. Chegou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽

Hiv Exposure ◽

The Impact

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Cellular Immune Responses to Four Doses of Percutaneous Bacille Calmette-Guerin in Healthy Adults

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/515614 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 178 (1) ◽

pp. 138-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

P. W. Lowry ◽

T. S. Ludwig ◽

J. A. Adams ◽

M. L. Fitzpatrick ◽

S. M. Grant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Cellular Immune

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BCG (Bacille Calmette–Guérin) HspCs (heat-shock protein–peptide complexes) induce T-helper 1 responses and protect against live challenge in a murine aerosol challenge model of pulmonary tuberculosis

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0320626 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 626-628 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C.A.L.S. Colaco ◽

C.R. Bailey ◽

J. Keeble ◽

K.B. Walker

Keyword(s):

Heat Shock ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

T Helper ◽

T Helper 1 ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽

Vaccine Candidates ◽

Peptide Complexes ◽

Further Development

The need for an effective TB (tuberculosis) vaccine remains acute, with tuberculosis still one of the major killers worldwide and 3 million new infections annually. We report here on the immune responses elicited by HspCs (heat-shock protein–peptide complexes) isolated from BCG (Bacille Calmette–Guérin) vaccine. These HspCs elicit both the appropriate cellular and protective immune responses required to merit their further development as TB vaccine candidates.

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Ex VivoRestimulation of Human PBMC Expands aCD3+CD4-CD8-γδ+T Cell Population That Can Confound the Evaluation of CD4 and CD8 T Cell Responses to Vaccination

Clinical and Developmental Immunology ◽

10.1155/2013/186420 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

B. J. Sedgmen ◽

L. Papalia ◽

L. Wang ◽

A. R. Dyson ◽

H. A. McCallum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Cell Population ◽

Large Scale ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Vaccine Trial ◽

T Cell Response ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Cell Mediated Immunity

The measurement of vaccine-induced humoral andCD4+andCD8+cellular immune responses represents an important correlate of vaccine efficacy. Accurate and reliable assays evaluating such responses are therefore critical during the clinical development phase of vaccines. T cells play a pivotal role both in coordinating the adaptive and innate immune responses and as effectors. During the assessment of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in subjects participating in a large-scale influenza vaccine trial, we identified the expansion of an IFN-γ-producingCD3+CD4-CD8-γδ+T cell population in the peripheral blood of 90/610 (15%) healthy subjects. The appearance ofCD3+CD4-CD8-γδ+T cells in the blood of subjects was transient and found to be independent of the study cohort, vaccine group, subject gender and ethnicity, andex vivorestimulation conditions. Although the function of this population and relevance to vaccination are unclear, their inclusion in the total vaccine-specific T-cell response has the potential to confound data interpretation. It is thus recommended that when evaluating the induction of IFN-γ-producingCD4+andCD8+immune responses following vaccination, theCD3+CD4-CD8-γδ+T cells are either excluded or separately enumerated from the overall frequency determination.

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Population Differences in Immune Responses to Bacille Calmette‐Guérin Vaccination in Infancy

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/597069 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 199 (6) ◽

pp. 795-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Maeve K. Lalor ◽

Anne Ben‐Smith ◽

Patricia Gorak‐Stolinska ◽

Rosemary E. Weir ◽

Sian Floyd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Population Differences ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin

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Vaccine-breakthrough infection by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant elicits broadly cross-reactive immune responses

10.1101/2021.12.27.474218 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Runhong Zhou ◽

Kelvin Kai-Wang To ◽

Qiaoli Peng ◽

Jacky Man-Chun Chan ◽

Haode Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Preventive Strategies ◽

Gamma Delta ◽

Breakthrough Infection ◽

Host Immune Responses ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Booster Vaccine ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

The Mean

Highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has posted a new crisis for COVID-19 pandemic control. Within a month, Omicron is dominating over Delta variant in several countries probably due to immune evasion. It remains unclear whether vaccine-induced memory responses can be recalled by Omicron infection. Here, we investigated host immune responses in the first vaccine-breakthrough case of Omicron infection in Hong Kong. We found that the breakthrough infection rapidly recruited potent cross-reactive broad neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against current VOCs, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron, from unmeasurable IC50 values to mean 1:2929 at around 9-12 days, which were higher than the mean peak IC50 values of BioNTech-vaccinees. Cross-reactive spike- and nucleocapsid-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were detected. Similar results were also obtained in the second vaccine-breakthrough case of Omicron infection. Our preliminary findings may have timely implications to booster vaccine optimization and preventive strategies of pandemic control.

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