Radiative diffusion in a time-dependent outflow: a model for fast blue optical transients

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1088/1674-4527/ac488a ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

chen chun ◽

Rongfeng Shen

Keyword(s):

Black Hole ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Core Collapse ◽

Blue Color ◽

Stellar Envelope ◽

Fast Blue ◽

Central Engine ◽

Optical Transients ◽

Envelope Material ◽

Radiative Diffusion

Abstract Fast Blue Optical Transients (FBOTs) are luminous transients with fast evolving (typically trise < 12 days) light curve and blue color (usually−0.2 > g−r > −0.3)that cannot be explained by a supernova-like explosion. We propose a radiative diffusion in a time-dependent outflow model to interpret such special transients. In this model, we assume a stellar-mass black hole is formed from stellar core-collapse. As a central engine, the black hole accretes the infalling stellar envelope material via an accretion disk. Due to the extremely super- Eddington accretion rate, the disk ejects continuous outflow during a few days. We consider the ejection of the outflow to be time-dependent. The outflow is optically thick initially and photons are frozen in it. As the outflow expands over time, photons gradually escape, and our work is to model such an evolution. Numerical and analytical calculations are considered separately, and the results are consistent. We apply the model to three typical FBOTs: PS1-10bjp, ZTF18abukavn, and ATLAS19dqr. The modeling finds the total mass of the outflow (∼ 1M⊙), and the total time of the ejection (∼ a few days) for them, leading us to speculate that they may be the result of the collapse of massive stars.

Download Full-text

Constraining the fraction of core-collapse supernovae harbouring choked jets with high-energy neutrinos

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/stz3245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 492 (1) ◽

pp. 843-847

Author(s):

Dafne Guetta ◽

Roi Rahin ◽

Imre Bartos ◽

Massimo Della Valle

Keyword(s):

Black Hole ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

High Energy ◽

Gamma Ray Bursts ◽

Core Collapse ◽

Stellar Envelope ◽

Jet Production ◽

Stellar Core ◽

High Fraction ◽

High Energy Neutrinos

ABSTRACT The joint observation of core-collapse supernovae with gamma-ray bursts shows that jets can be launched in the aftermath of stellar core collapse, likely by a newly formed black hole that accretes matter from the star. Such gamma-ray bursts have only been observed accompanying Type Ibc supernovae, indicating a stellar progenitor that lost its hydrogen envelope before collapse. According to recent hypothesis, it is possible that jets are launched in core-collapse events even when the progenitors still retain their hydrogen envelopes; however, such jets are not able to burrow through the star and will be stalled into the interior of the progenitor star before escaping. These jets are called choked jets. High-energy neutrinos produced by such choked jets could escape the stellar envelope and could be observed. Here, we examine how multimessenger searches for high-energy neutrinos and core-collapse supernovae can detect or limit the fraction of stellar collapses that produce jets. We find that a high fraction of jet production is already limited by previous observational campaigns. We explore possibilities with future observations using Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, IceCube, and Km3NET.

Download Full-text

NEUTRINO OSCILLATION IN SUPERNOVA AND GRB NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s0217732308027783 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (17n20) ◽

pp. 1409-1418 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

TOSHITAKA KAJINO ◽

TAKAHIRO SASAQUI ◽

TAKASHI YOSHIDA ◽

WAKO AOKI

Keyword(s):

Black Hole ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Light Element ◽

Core Collapse ◽

Mass Hierarchy ◽

Solar Abundance ◽

Abundance Pattern ◽

Mixing Angle ◽

Normal Mass ◽

Supernova Explosions

Neutrinos play the critical roles in nucleosyntheses of light-to-heavy mass elements in core-collapse supernovae (SNe). The light element synthesis is affected strongly by neutrino oscillations (MSW effect) through the ν-process in outer layers of supernova explosions. Specifically the 7 Li and 11 B yields increase by factors of 1.9 and 1.3 respectively in the case of large mixing angle solution, normal mass hierarchy, and sin 2 2θ13 = 2 × 10−3 compared to those without the oscillations. In the case of inverted mass hierarchy or nonadiabatic 13-mixing resonance, the increment of their yields is much smaller. We thus propose that precise constraint on mass hierarchy and sin 2 2θ13 is given by future observations of Li / B ratio or Li abundance in stars and presolar grains which are made from supernova ejecta. Gamma ray burst (GRB) nucleosynthesis in contrast is not affected strongly by thermal neutrinos from the central core which culminates in black hole (BH), although the effect of neutrinos from proto-neutron star prior to black hole formation is still unknown. We calculate GRB nucleosynthesis by turning off the thermal neutrinos and find that the abundance pattern is totally different from ordinary SN nucleosynthesis which satisfies the universality to the solar abundance pattern.

Download Full-text

THE MILNE SPACETIME AND THE HADRONIC RINDLER HORIZON

International Journal of Modern Physics D ◽

10.1142/s0218271810017482 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (08n10) ◽

pp. 1379-1384 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. CULETU

Keyword(s):

Black Hole ◽

Event Horizon ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Anisotropic Fluid ◽

Direct Relation ◽

Schwarzschild Black Hole ◽

Black Hole Interior ◽

Flat Metric ◽

Shear Tensor ◽

Hadronic Rindler Horizon

A direct relation between the time-dependent Milne geometry and the Rindler spacetime is shown. Milne's metric corresponds to the region beyond Rindler's event horizon (in the wedge t ≻ |x|). We point out that inside a Schwarzschild black hole and near its horizon, the metric may be Milne's flat metric. It was found that the shear tensor associated to a congruence of fluid particles of the RHIC expanding fireball has the same structure as that corresponding to the anisotropic fluid from the black hole interior, even though the latter geometry is curved.

Download Full-text

Linking the central engine to the jet properties in radio loud AGN

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921315002446 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (S313) ◽

pp. 329-330

Author(s):

A. Olguín-Iglesias ◽

J. León-Tavares ◽

V. Chavushyan ◽

E. Valtaoja ◽

C. Añorve ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Hole ◽

Host Galaxy ◽

Base Line ◽

Black Hole Mass ◽

Host Galaxies ◽

Optical Telescope ◽

Central Engine ◽

Early Results ◽

Relativistic Jet ◽

Line Array

AbstractWe explore the connection between the black hole mass and its relativistic jet for a sample of radio-loud AGN (z < 1), in which the relativistic jet parameters are well estimated by means of long term monitoring with the 14m Metsähovi millimeter wave telescope and the Very Long Base-line Array (VLBA). NIR host galaxy images taken with the NOTCam on the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) and retrieved from the 2MASS all-sky survey allowed us to perform a detailed surface brightness decomposition of the host galaxies in our sample and to estimate reliable black hole masses via their bulge luminosities. We present early results on the correlations between black hole mass and the relativistic jet parameters. Our preliminary results suggest that the more massive the black hole is, the faster and the more luminous jet it produces.

Download Full-text

The progenitors of core-collapse supernovae

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921317002885 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (S329) ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

Morgan Fraser

Keyword(s):

Black Hole ◽

Binary Systems ◽

Massive Star ◽

Core Collapse ◽

Red Supergiants ◽

To Come

AbstractLinking core-collapse SNe to their stellar progenitors is a major ongoing challenge. To date, H rich Type IIP SNe have been shown to come from red supergiants, while there is increasing evidence that the majority of stripped envelope SNe come from binary systems. The first candidates for failed SNe, where a massive star collapses to form a black hole without a bright optical display have been identified, while the range of outbursts and eruptions from pre-SN stars are just beginning to be revealed.

Download Full-text

Stellar Core Collapse and Exotic Matter

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921312013385 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (S279) ◽

pp. 367-368

Author(s):

Ken'ichiro Nakazato ◽

Kohsuke Sumiyoshi

Keyword(s):

Black Hole ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Dense Matter ◽

Gamma Ray Bursts ◽

Core Collapse ◽

Hole Formation ◽

Stellar Core ◽

Black Hole Formation ◽

Hydrodynamical Simulations

AbstractSome supernovae and gamma-ray bursts are thought to accompany a black hole formation. In the process of a black hole formation, a central core becomes hot and dense enough for hyperons and quarks to appear. In this study, we perform neutrino-radiation hydrodynamical simulations of a stellar core collapse and black hole formation taking into account such exotic components. In our computation, general relativity is fully considered under spherical symmetry. As a result, we find that the additional degrees of freedom soften the equation of state of matter and promote the black hole formation. Furthermore, their effects are detectable as a neutrino signal. We believe that the properties of hot and dense matter at extreme conditions are essential for the studies on the astrophysical black hole formation. This study will be hopefully a first step toward a physics of the central engine of gamma-ray bursts.

Download Full-text

Quantum-Gravitational Trans-Planckian Energy of a Time-Dependent Black Hole

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym11101303 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1303

Author(s):

A. J. Nurmagambetov ◽

I. Y. Park

Keyword(s):

Black Hole ◽

Event Horizon ◽

Black Hole Solution ◽

Energy Analysis ◽

Scaling Behavior ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Higgs Potential ◽

Rotating Black Hole ◽

Basic Features

We continue our recent endeavor in which a time-dependent black hole solution of a one-loop quantum-corrected Einstein-scalar system was obtained and its near-horizon behavior was analyzed. The energy analysis led to a trans-Planckian scaling behavior near the event horizon. In the present work, the analysis is extended to a rotating black hole solution of an Einstein–Maxwell-scalar system with a Higgs potential. Although the analysis becomes much more complex compared to that of the previous, we observe the same basic features, including the quantum-gravitational trans-Planckian energy near the horizon.

Download Full-text

Detection of Periodic Radio Signal from the Blazar J1043+2408

Galaxies ◽

10.3390/galaxies6040136 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 136 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gopal Bhatta

Keyword(s):

Black Hole ◽

Radio Signal ◽

Field Configuration ◽

Periodic Signal ◽

Magnetic Field Configuration ◽

Supermassive Black Hole ◽

Central Engine ◽

Direct View ◽

Periodic Signals ◽

Periodic Changes

The search for periodic signals from blazars has become a widely discussed topic in recent years. In the scenario that such periodic changes originate from the innermost regions of blazars, the signals bear imprints of the processes occurring near the central engine, which are mostly inaccessible to our direct view. Such signals provide insights into various aspect of blazar studies, including disk-jet connection, magnetic-field configuration and, more importantly, strong gravity near the supermassive black holes and release of gravitational waves from binary supermassive-black-hole systems. In this work, we report the detection of a periodic signal in the radio light curve of blazar J1043+2408 spanning ∼10.5 years. We performed multiple methods of time-series analysis, namely, epoch folding, Lomb–Scargle periodogram, and discrete autocorrelation function. All three methods consistently revealed a repeating signal with a periodicity of ∼560 days. To robustly account for the red-noise processes usually dominant in the blazar variability and other possible artefacts, a large number of Monte Carlo simulations were performed. This allowed us to estimate high significance (99.9% local and 99.4% global) against possible spurious detection. As possible explanations, we discuss a number of scenarios, including binary supermassive-black-hole systems, Lense–Thirring precession, and jet precession.

Download Full-text