scholarly journals Can we break the symmetry along the polarization axis in photoionization?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1412 ◽  
pp. 072034
Author(s):  
Y-C Cheng ◽  
S Mikaelsson ◽  
S Nandi ◽  
L Rämisch ◽  
C Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polarization Axis

scholarly journals Ultrafast isomerization-induced cooperative motions to higher molecular orientation in smectic liquid-crystalline azobenzene molecules

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Hada ◽  
Daisuke Yamaguchi ◽  
Tadahiko Ishikawa ◽  
Takayoshi Sawa ◽  
Kenji Tsuruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Laser Polarization ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Cooperative Motion ◽  
Subsequent Response ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Calculations ◽  
Polarization Axis ◽  
Linearly Polarized

Abstract The photoisomerization of molecules is widely used to control the structure of soft matter in both natural and synthetic systems. However, the structural dynamics of the molecules during isomerization and their subsequent response are difficult to elucidate due to their complex and ultrafast nature. Herein, we describe the ultrafast formation of higher-orientation of liquid-crystalline (LC) azobenzene molecules via linearly polarized ultraviolet light (UV) using ultrafast time-resolved electron diffraction. The ultrafast orientation is caused by the trans-to-cis isomerization of the azobenzene molecules. Our observations are consistent with simplified molecular dynamics calculations that revealed that the molecules are aligned with the laser polarization axis by their cooperative motion after photoisomerization. This insight advances the fundamental chemistry of photoresponsive molecules in soft matter as well as their ultrafast photomechanical applications.

scholarly journals Systematic Definition of Protein Constituents along the Major Polarization Axis Reveals an Adaptive Reuse of the Polarization Machinery in Pheromone-Treated Budding Yeast

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rammohan Narayanaswamy ◽  
Emily K. Moradi ◽  
Wei Niu ◽  
G. Traver Hart ◽  
Matthew Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Polarization Axis ◽  
Definition Of

Three‐component recordings: Interest for land seismic source study

Geophysics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1048-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cliet ◽  
M. Dubesset
Keyword(s):  
Principal Direction ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Sh Wave ◽  
Directional Filtering ◽  
Local Propagation ◽  
Polarization Axis ◽  
Complex Phenomena

Three‐component recordings provide access to the particle trajectory due to seismic events. This three‐dimensional picture shows successions of complex phenomena. Nevertheless, this trajectory has predominant directions of polarization. A method of spatial directional filtering is described to calculate the polarization direction of parts of the trajectory. The application of this method provides means to reject trajectory parts for which the angular gap between their polarization axis and a reference direction, for example X, Y, or Z, is greater than a given threshold angle. Real data are submitted to this method, leading to a color‐coded display showing the direction of polarization of each wave train. The same noise spread, used in conjunction with two different seismic sources, was recorded with triphone groups. The two sources were an SH‐wave vibrator and Marthor®. Using spatial directional filterings with threshold angles varying from 0 to 90 degrees, the corresponding quantities of energy emitted in each principal direction X, Y, and Z were evaluated. A set of diagrams was plotted for comparing the behavior of both sources and to calculate the part of the received energies along X, Y, and Z directions as a function of (1) the emitted energies, and (2) the local propagation effects. ® SH‐wave weight‐drop source, IFP trademark.

Origin of P-E Hysteresis Offsets in Compositionally Graded Ba(1-x)SrxTiO3 Thick Films

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremie Barrel ◽  
Eugene Stytsenko ◽  
Massimo Viviani ◽  
Kenneth MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Thick Films ◽  
Schottky Contacts ◽  
Deposition Technique ◽  
Alternating Electric Field ◽  
Polarization Axis ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
The Difference

Compositionally graded Ba(1-x)SrxTiO3 thick films were fabricated by the airflow deposition technique. Films displayed hysteresis translation along the polarization axis when driven by an alternating electric field. The trend of the hysteresis shift as a function of temperature is similar to the difference of DC currents measured when a positive and negative DC electric field is applied. The study suggests that the origin of this phenomenon lies in an asymmetry of the film conductance due to the presence of asymmetric Schottky contacts at the BaTiO3/Ag and Ag/Ba0.xSr1-0.xTiO3 interfaces.

scholarly journals Influence of laser polarization on collective electron dynamics in ultraintense laser–foil interactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Gonzalez-Izquierdo ◽  
Ross J. Gray ◽  
Martin King ◽  
Robbie Wilson ◽  
Rachel J. Dance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Target Thickness ◽  
Laser Polarization ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Collective Response ◽  
Polarization Axis ◽  
Foil Target

The collective response of electrons in an ultrathin foil target irradiated by an ultraintense ( ${\sim}6\times 10^{20}~\text{W}~\text{cm}^{-2}$ ) laser pulse is investigated experimentally and via 3D particle-in-cell simulations. It is shown that if the target is sufficiently thin that the laser induces significant radiation pressure, but not thin enough to become relativistically transparent to the laser light, the resulting relativistic electron beam is elliptical, with the major axis of the ellipse directed along the laser polarization axis. When the target thickness is decreased such that it becomes relativistically transparent early in the interaction with the laser pulse, diffraction of the transmitted laser light occurs through a so called ‘relativistic plasma aperture’, inducing structure in the spatial-intensity profile of the beam of energetic electrons. It is shown that the electron beam profile can be modified by variation of the target thickness and degree of ellipticity in the laser polarization.

scholarly journals Application of Magneto-optical Characteristic in Liquid: Verdet Constant as Quality Indicator of Repeatedly Cooking Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Silfiana Puspita Sari ◽  
Misto Misto ◽  
Endhah Purwandari
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Faraday Effect ◽  
Optical Characteristic ◽  
Verdet Constant ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Polarization Axis ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Magnetic Field Treatment ◽  
The Difference

The Faraday Effect is a magnetooptical phenomenon in physics describing the interaction of light and magnetic fields in a medium. A parameter that indicates the interaction is the Verdet constant. In this research, Verdet constant was measured on cooking oil that has been used several times. Magneto-optical properties were measured using the polarimetry method, which uses a He-Ne Laser beam with a magnetic field treatment of 50 gauss, 80 gauss and 100 gauss. The samples analyzed were bulk and non-bulk cooking oil. Repeated use of cooking oil causes a change in the polarization axis of the polarized laser. This has an impact on the Verdet constant of the material. The difference in the Verdet constant shows that the Verdet constant can be used as an indicator of cooking oil that has been used up to three times.

scholarly journals Network analysis reveals a distinct axis of macrophage activation in response to conflicting inflammatory cues

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaji Liu ◽  
Jingyuan Zhang ◽  
Angela C. Zeigler ◽  
Anders R. Nelson ◽  
Merry L. Lindsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Arginase 1 ◽  
M2 Polarization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polarization Axis

AbstractMacrophages are subject to a wide range of cytokine and pathogen signals in vivo, which contribute to differential activation and modulation of inflammation. Understanding the response to multiple, often conflicting, cues that macrophages experience requires a network perspective. Here, we integrate data from literature curation and mRNA expression profiles to develop a large-scale computational model of the macrophage signaling network. In response to stimulation across all pairs of 9 cytokine inputs, the model predicted activation along the classic M1-M2 polarization axis but also a second axis of macrophage activation that distinguishes unstimulated macrophages from a mixed phenotype induced by conflicting cues. Along this second axis, combinations of conflicting stimuli, interleukin 4 (IL4) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon-γ (IFNγ), IFNβ, or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), produced mutual inhibition of several signaling pathways, e.g. nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), but also mutual activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) signaling module. In response to combined IFNγ and IL4, the model predicted genes whose expression was mutually inhibited, e.g. inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase 1 (Arg1), or mutually enhanced, e.g. IL4 receptor-α (IL4Rα) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), which was validated by independent experimental data. Knockdown simulations further predicted network mechanisms underlying functional crosstalk, such as mutual STAT3/STAT6-mediated enhancement of IL4Rα expression. In summary, the computational model predicts that network crosstalk mediates a broadened spectrum of macrophage activation in response to mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine cues, making it useful for modeling in vivo scenarios.Summary sentenceNetwork modeling of macrophage activation predicts responses to combinations of cytokines along both the M1-M2 polarization axis and a second axis associated with a mixed macrophage activation phenotype.

scholarly journals Plasmonic layer-selective all-optical switching of magnetization with nanometer resolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Ignatyeva ◽  
C. S. Davies ◽  
D. A. Sylgacheva ◽  
A. Tsukamoto ◽  
H. Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Magnetic Recording ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Pulses ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Polarization Axis ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
All Optical Switching ◽  
Better Than

Abstract All-optical magnetization reversal with femtosecond laser pulses facilitates the fastest and least dissipative magnetic recording, but writing magnetic bits with spatial resolution better than the wavelength of light has so far been seen as a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate that a single femtosecond laser pulse of wavelength 800 nm can be used to toggle the magnetization exclusively within one of two 10-nm thick magnetic nanolayers, separated by just 80 nm, without affecting the other one. The choice of the addressed layer is enabled by the excitation of a plasmon-polariton at a targeted interface of the nanostructure, and realized merely by rotating the polarization-axis of the linearly-polarized ultrashort optical pulse by 90°. Our results unveil a robust tool that can be deployed to reliably switch magnetization in targeted nanolayers of heterostructures, and paves the way to increasing the storage density of opto-magnetic recording by a factor of at least 2.

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