scholarly journals Study the Structure Characterization of Porcelain Formulation at Different Sludge Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012090
Author(s):  
Suffi Irni Alias ◽  
Banjuraizah Johar ◽  
Syed Nuzul Fadzli Adam ◽  
Mustaffa Ali Azhar Taib ◽  
Fatin Fatini Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Volume Shrinkage ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Inorganic Content ◽  
Sludge Waste

Abstract Porcelain formulation in the form of pellets have been studied by substituted fluxing materials with treated FGD sludge at different percentages. In this work, treated FGD sludge was added in percentages from 5% up to 15% uniaxially pressed at 11 MPa, dried and then sintered at temperature 1200 °C for 3 hours. Weight loss, volume shrinkage/expand, bulk density, densification, porosity and flexural strength were investigated on sintered samples. This demonstrated that the treated FGD sludge addition in porcelain formulation has influenced on the sintered samples. It was concluded that the treated FGD sludge waste could be used as a suitable raw material source for production of porous porcelain ceramic due to their organic and inorganic content.

Preparation and Characterization of β-SiAlON Ceramics from High Aluminium Fly Ash via Carbothermal Reduction-Nitridation

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Hong Li ◽  
Hong Wen Ma ◽  
Ying Cao
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
High Aluminium

In this work, β-sialon ceramics were prepared from high-aluminium fly ash via carbothermal reduction-nitridation (CRN) and the physicochemical properties of the materials such as bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption and flexural strength were also discussed. The results showed that the percentage of β-sialon phase in the product decreases as the temperature increases from 1400°C and the weight of the sintered specimen experienced an increase during 1350°C~1450°C due to the nitridation reactions, and followed by a gradual decrease till 1550°C for the decomposition of β-sialon. It is indicated that the optimum sintering temperature to obtain the highest yield of β-sialon ~93% lies in 1400°C~1450°C. The SEM images revealed that the prepared β-sialon sintered at 1400°C were mainly in shape of elongated prisms, typically ~5μm in length and 0.5~1μm in width. As the temperature increased to 1500°C and above, β-sialon decomposed and the new phases of SiC and AlN were formed at 1550°C as confirmed by XRD.

Research on Rheological Behavior of Si3N4-SiC Composites by Gelcasting

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 488-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ran Gong ◽  
Shuang Sheng Shen ◽  
Jin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Sic Composites ◽  
Gelcasting Process

Using SiC particles and powder, the modified Si and α-Si3N4powder as the main raw material, Si3N4-SiC composite materials have been fabricated by gelcasting. The Si3N4-SiC suspension with 75vol% (volume fraction) solid loading exhibits shear thinning rheological behavior under a shear rate from 10 to 160s-1, which meets the requirement of the gelcasting process. The bulk density of the green bodies after solidification is 2.57 g·cm-3and the flexural strength 16 MPa, the green bodies have a dense and uniform structure. The bulk density and flexural strength of the Si3N4-SiC composites after nitriding are 2.67g·cm-3and 48 MPa respectively; the strength is higher than that of other industrial products without gelcasting. Well-developed intertwined fibrous Si3N4crystals grow on the surface of the SiC particles to form a tight microstructure in the Si3N4-SiC composites after firing.

Preparation and Performance Characterization of “Turnjujube-Like” CdSe Nanofibers

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Yong Ping Luo ◽  
Zong Hu Xiao ◽  
Shun Jian Xu ◽  
Wei Zhong ◽  
Huan Wen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Cubic Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zinc Blende ◽  
And Performance ◽  
First Time

It was reported for the first time that “Turnjujube-like” CdSe nanofibers have been assembled onto TiO2surface by electrochemical method of cyclic voltammetry, using CdSO4•8H2O and SeO2as raw material, can be used as a sensitizer of quantum dot-sensitized solar cell. CdSe morphology, structure characterization and optical properties are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolt-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), respectively. The experimental results show that the prepared “Turnjujube–like” CdSe nanofibers are zinc blende CdSe with cubic crystal system, and it have excellent light absorption within the wavelength range of 300–800 nm. It has a potential for the construction of QD-sensitized solar energy cell.

scholarly journals Chromatographic characterization of juice in fruits of different Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica L.) genotypes cultivated in Sweden

2020 ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
María Pilar Hellín ◽  
María José Jordán ◽  
Kimmo Rumpunen ◽  
José María Ros
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Japanese Quince ◽  
Chromatographic Characterization ◽  
Components Analysis

The juice in fruits of 19 genotypes of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica), representing plant breeding material, was characterised using high performance liquid chromatography. The juice was extracted by halving and squeezing the fruit. Samples of Japanese quince juice were always analysed fresh. The main compounds found were sugars: glucose (131-1056 mg 100 ml-1), fructose (351-2515 mg 100 ml-1) and sorbitol (10-367 mg 100 ml-1); organic acids: malic acid (2.27-4.84 g 100 ml-1) and quinic acid (0.50-2.50 g 100 ml-1); amino acids: aspartic acid (0.8-10.7 mg 100 ml-1), asparagine (0.2-36.3 mg 100 ml-1) and glutamic acid (6.2-17.7 mg 100 ml-1); the cation potassium (145-214 mg 100 ml-1) and the anion fluoride (21-122 mg 100 ml-1). These results on composition suggest that Japanese quince may be an interesting raw material source of valuable substances and its juice an ingredient for the food industry. A principal components analysis separated the Japanese quince genotypes, thus indicating a clear difference in the chemical composition of the juice.

scholarly journals Effects of Kaolin Additives in Fly Ash on Sintering and Properties of Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Marta Valášková ◽  
Veronika Blahůšková ◽  
Jozef Vlček
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Porous Ceramics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Sintering Properties ◽  
Mullite Ceramics

The effective utilization of fly ash (FA) as a raw material for ceramics production is performed on the FA-kaolin mixtures containing kaolins 10% by mass. The mixtures in comparison with FA and three raw kaolins were annealed to mullite ceramics at temperatures of 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300 °C. The main aims were to contribute to the discussion on the effect of impurity of Na,K-feldspars in kaolins and Fe2O3 in FA on sintering procedure, porous ceramics properties and mullite structural properties. The phases were characterized using X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry DTA/TGA methods. Mercury intrusion porosimetry was used for characterization of porosity of ceramic samples. Results evidenced the influence of feldspars in kaolins and Fe2O3 in FA on the sintering temperatures and properties of mullite ceramics. The fully FA-based ceramic sintered at 1100 °C exhibited post-sintering properties of bulk density 2.1 g/cm3; compressive strength 77.5 MPa; and porosity, 2% in comparison with the FA/kaolin-based ceramics properties of bulk density 2.2 g/cm3; compressive strength, 60–65 MPa; and porosity from 9.3 to 16.4% influenced by Na,K-feldspars. The best structural and mechanical characteristics were found for the FAK3 sample, supported by the high content of kaolinite and orthoclase in the kaolin K3 additive. The FAK3 annealed at 1100 °C exhibited good compressive strength of 87.6 MPa at a porosity of 10.6% and density of 2.24 g/cm3 and annealed at 1300 °C the compressive strength of 41.3 MPa at a porosity of 19.2% and density of 1.93 g/cm3.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Kalalani vermiculite for production of high strength porcelain insulators

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blasius Ngayakamo ◽  
Eugene Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Porcelain Insulators

The present work has evaluated Kalalani vermiculite as a potential raw material for the production of high strength porcelain insulators. Three porcelain compositions were prepared to contain 0, 20 and 30 wt% of Kalalani vermiculite. Porcelain samples were fabricated using a semi-drying method. The chemical, mineralogical phases and microstructural characterization of the raw materials were carried out using XRF, XRD, and SEM techniques, respectively. Water absorption, bulk density, dielectric and bending strengths were performed on porcelain samples fired up to 1300?C. However, at the sintering temperature of 1250?C, the porcelain sample with 20 wt% of Kalalani vermiculite gave the dielectric strength of 61.3 kV/mm, bending strength of 30.54 MPa, bulk density of 2.21 g/cm3 and low water absorption value of 0.21 % which is the prerequisite properties for high strength porcelain insulators. It was therefore concluded that Kalalani vermiculite has the potential to be used for the production of high strength porcelain insulators

Synthesis and Characterization of Cordierite, Mullite and Cordierite-Mullite Ceramic Materials using Coal Fly Ash as Raw Material

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (62) ◽  
pp. 3865-3872
Author(s):  
J. López-Cuevas ◽  
E. Interial-Orejón ◽  
C.A. Gutiérrez-Chavarría ◽  
J.C. Rendón-Ángeles
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mullite Ceramic ◽  
Two Temperatures

AbstractCordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18), Mullite (Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x) and Cordierite-Mullite ceramic materials were obtained from a stoichiometric mixture of coal fly ash (CFA) as a source of SiO2 and Al2O3, plus high-purity MgO and Al2O3. The starting stoichiometric mixtures were homogenized, and then uniaxially pressed, cold isostatically pressed, and sintered at 1200-1600 °C for 2-5 h. The sintered materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Vickers microhardness, density and four-point flexural strength. In general, the desired phases tended to form in the composites at temperatures of 1350 or 1400 °C, with a considerable amount of glassy phase developing from 3 h onwards at one of those two temperatures, depending on the composite composition. The microstructure of the composites consisted of a matrix of Cordierite and interwoven needles of Mullite. The bulk density decreased, while the flexural strength and the Vickers microhardness increased with increasing nominal content of Mullite in the composites. A synergistic effect taking place between Cordierite and Mullite enhances the mechanical properties of the composites.

Prehistoric Procurement of Secondary Sources: The Case for Characterization

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucianne Lavin ◽  
Donald R. Prothero
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Thin Section Analysis ◽  
Section Analysis

Lithic source identification is a new and exciting subfield of archaeology. Sourcing studies often concentrate on prehistoric quarry areas within primary, or in situ, bedrock outcrops. Other important but underrated resources are primary, non-quarry outcrops and secondary, redeposited materials such as glacial till and water-laid gravels. This article discusses the characterization of chert sources by petrographic, or thin section analysis, and assesses the technique's usefulness in identifying specific rock units as the raw material source for prehistoric artifacts. Data from source areas and from archaeological sites in the Delaware and lower Hudson drainages of New Jersey and New York are used to illustrate the need for analysis of non-quarry chert source localities.

scholarly journals Glycerol Assisted Pretreatment of Lignocellulose Wheat Straw Materials as a Promising Approach for Fabrication of Sustainable Fibrous Filler for Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Hamayoun Mahmood ◽  
Saqib Mehmood ◽  
Ahmad Shakeel ◽  
Tanveer Iqbal ◽  
Mohsin Ali Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Composite Samples

Glycerol pretreatment is a promising method for the environmentally-friendly transformation of lignocellulosic materials into sustainable cellulose-rich raw materials (i.e., biopolymer) to fabricate biocomposites. Here, a comparison of aqueous acidified glycerol (AAG) pretreatment of wheat straw (WS) with alkaline, hot water, and dilute acid pretreatments on the thermal and mechanical characteristics of their fabricated composite board is presented. A comparison of total energy expenditure during WS pretreatment with AAG and other solutions was estimated and a comparative influence of AAG processing on lignocellulosic constituents and thermal stability of WS fiber was studied. Results imply that AAG pretreatment was superior in generating cellulose-rich fiber (CRF) as compared to other pretreatments and enhanced the cellulose contents by 90% compared to raw WS fiber. Flexural strength of acidic (40.50 MPa) and hot water treated WS composite (38.71 MPa) was higher compared to the value of 33.57 MPa for untreated composite, but AAG-treated composites exhibited lower values of flexural strength (22.22 MPa) compared to untreated composite samples. Conversely, AAG pretreatment consumed about 56% lesser energy for each kg of WS processed as compared to other pretreatments. These findings recognize that glycerol pretreatment could be a clean and new pretreatment strategy to convert agricultural waste into high-quality CRF as a sustainable raw material source for engineered biocomposite panels.

scholarly journals Characterization of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Powder for 3D Printing Feedstock

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwunonso N Nwogu ◽  
Remy Uche ◽  
John O Igbokwe ◽  
Chukwunenye A Okoronkwo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Grade One ◽  
Density Coefficient

This paper assessed the suitability of PET powder produced by crushing used plastic bottles as 3D printing feedstock. Characterization of the powder was done through determining its flow property, coefficient of friction, bulk density, flexural and tensile strengths and compared with those of ABS, PLA, PVA, Nylon and HDPE which are used conventionally 3D printing of plastic parts. Two grades of PET bottles were used in this study: grade one which is designated PET1 with intrinsic viscosity values ranging from 0.78-0.80 (used for water bottles) and grade two which is designated PET2 with intrinsic viscosity values ranging from 0.80-0.85 (used for carbonated drinks bottles). The results of the tests performed showed that PET1 has bulk density, coefficient of friction, flexural strength and tensile strength values of 0.16 g/m3, 0.43, 82.1 MPa and 63.4 MPa respectively while PET2 has bulk density, coefficient of friction, flexural strength and tensile strength values of 0.15 g/m3, 0.22, 82.7 MPa and 57.8 MPa respectively. The Experimental results show that both PET1 and PET2 have very good flow property, and are suitable for 3D printing. This study solves two major problems: plastic waste management and availability of locally produced 3D printing feedstock, which is currently the greatest challenge of 3D printing in Nigeria. Keywords— 3D printing feedstock, Characterization, Intrinsic viscosity, PET powder.

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