scholarly journals Characterisation of analogue front end and time walk in CMOS active pixel sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. P12020
Author(s):  
B. Hiti ◽  
V. Cindro ◽  
A. Gorišek ◽  
M. Franks ◽  
R. Marco-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Delay Time ◽  
Charge Injection ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Charge Collection ◽  
Charge Sharing ◽  
Front End ◽  
Active Pixel ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Output Delay ◽  
External Charge

Abstract In this work we investigated a method to determine time walk in an active silicon pixel sensor prototype using Edge-TCT with infrared laser charge injection. Samples were investigated before and after neutron irradiation to 5· 10^14n_ eq/cm^2. Threshold, noise and calibration of the analogue front end were determined with external charge injection. A spatially sensitive measurement of collected charge and time walk was carried out with Edge-TCT, showing a uniform charge collection and output delay in pixel centre. On pixel edges charge sharing was observed due to finite beam width resulting in smaller signals and larger output delay. Time walk below 25 ns was observed for charge above 2000 e^- at a threshold above the noise level. Time walk measurement with external charge injection yielded identical results.

scholarly journals Emergency department front-end split-flow experience: ‘physician in intake’

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e000817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean S Michael ◽  
Daniel Bickley ◽  
Kelly Bookman ◽  
Richard Zane ◽  
Jennifer L Wiler
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Medication Administration ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Intake Process ◽  
Front End ◽  
Unscheduled Care ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Single Centre Study ◽  
Discharged Patients

BackgroundEmergency department (ED) crowding is a critical problem in the delivery of acute unscheduled care. Many causes are external to the ED, but antiquated operational traditions like triage also contribute. A physician intake model has been shown to be beneficial in a single-centre study, but whether this solution is generalisable is not clear. We aimed to characterise the current state of front-end intake models in a national sample of EDs and quantify their effects on throughput measures.MethodsWe performed a descriptive mixed-method analysis of ED process changes implemented by a cross section of self-selecting institutions who reported 2 years of demographic/operational data and structured process descriptions of any ‘new front-end processes to replace traditional nurse-based triage’.ResultsAmong 25 participating institutions, 19 (76%) provided data. While geographically diverse, most were urban, academic adult level 1 trauma centres. Thirteen (68%) reported implementing a new intake process. All were run by attending emergency physicians, and six (46%) also included advanced practice providers. Daily operating hours ranged from 8 to 16 (median 12, IQR 10.25–15.85), and the majority performed labs, imaging and medication administration and directly discharged patients. Considering each site’s before-and-after data as matched pairs, physician-driven intake was associated with mean decreases in arrival-to-provider time of 25 min (95% CI 13 to 37), ED length of stay 36 min (95% CI 12 to 59), and left before being seen rate 1.2% (95% CI 0.6% to 1.8%).ConclusionsIn this cross section of primarily academic EDs, implementing a physician-driven front-end intake process was feasible and associated with improvement in operational metrics.

scholarly journals Electroluminescence from μLED without external charge injection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Chaoxing Wu ◽  
Dianlun Li ◽  
Shanhong Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Injection ◽  
External Charge

Charge Collection Efficiency of 6H-SiC P+N Diodes Degraded by Low-Energy Electron Irradiation

2010 ◽  
Vol 645-648 ◽  
pp. 921-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Iwamoto ◽  
Shinobu Onoda ◽  
Takeshi Ohshima ◽  
Kazutoshi Kojima ◽  
Atsushi Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Electron ◽  
Charge Collection ◽  
Charge Collection Efficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Energy Electron

The effect of electron irradiation on the charge collection efficiency of a 6H-SiC p+n diode has been studied. The diodes were irradiated with electrons of energies from 100 keV to 1 MeV. The charge collection efficiencies of the samples were measured for alpha particles before and after the electron irradiation. The electron irradiation at 100 keV does not affect the charge collection efficiency, while the electron irradiation at 200 keV or higher decreases the charge collection efficiency. The degree of the degradation of the diodes correlates with the energy of the electron irradiation.

Charge Collection and Charge Sharing in a 130 nm CMOS Technology

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 3253-3258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwole A. Amusan ◽  
Arthur F. Witulski ◽  
Lloyd W. Massengill ◽  
Bharat L. Bhuva ◽  
Patrick R. Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Charge Collection ◽  
Charge Sharing

scholarly journals Functional assessment of muscle response in lower limbs of tumbling gymnasts through tensiomyography

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Nicolás Rojas-Barrionuevo ◽  
Mercedes Vernetta-Santana ◽  
Jesús López-Bedoya
Keyword(s):  
Delay Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Muscle Response ◽  
Antagonist Muscles ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Jumping capacity, a distinctive technical skill of tumbling gymnasts, is associated to a successful performance in training and competition; hence the need for an individualized, precise and localized assessment of the most demanded muscle structures.Objective: To assess muscle response of the flexo-extension structure in the knee joint and the extension of the ankle joint in a sample of 12 high-performance male gymnasts.Materials and methods: An acrobatic training protocol including sets of forward somersault in tumbling track was conducted. The contraction time, delay time and deformation of muscle belly were evaluated, and the muscular response speed was calculated using tensiomyography before and after the training intervention in different periods of time.Results: Significant differences were found (p<0.05) according to the muscle group involved, where rectus femoris and biceps femoris presented greater enhancement and shortening of the contraction and delay time. Major differences appeared between agonist-antagonist muscles (vastus lateralis-biceps femoris) (p<0.05) due to a decrease in the contraction and delay speed in vastus medialis (p<0.001).Conclusions: Tensiomyography allows estimating the states of activation-enhancing of the musculature responsible of jumping in tumblers, as well as planning the training based on the state of muscle fatigue.

Effect of etch-clean delay time on post-etch residue removal for front-end-of-line applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Vos ◽  
David Hellin ◽  
Guy Vereecke ◽  
Elizabeth Pavel ◽  
Werner Boullart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Delay Time ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Front End ◽  
Etch Residue
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