The effect of dilute acid pre-treatment process in bioethanol production from durian (Durio zibethinus) seeds waste

With decades of studies on cellulose bioconversion, cellulases have been playing an important role in producing fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass. Copious microorganisms that are able to degrade cellulose have been isolated and identified. The present study has been undertaken to isolate and screen the cellulase producing bacteria from soils of agrowaste field. Cellulase production has been qualitatively analyzed in carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) agar medium after congo red staining and NaCl treatment by interpretation with zones around the potent colonies. Out of the seven isolates, only two showed cellulase production. The morphogical and molecular characterization revealed its identity as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The potential of organisms for bioethanol production has been investigated using two substrates, namely, paper and leaves by subjecting with a pre-treatment process using acid hydrolysis to remove lignin which acts as physical barrier to cellulolytic enzymes. Ethanolic fermentation was done using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 24-48 h and then the bioethanol produced was qualitatively proved by iodoform assay. These finding proves that ethanol can be made from the agricultural waste and the process is recommended as a means of generating wealth from waste.

Download Full-text

Hydrolysis of Miscanthus for bioethanol production using dilute acid presoaking combined with wet explosion pre-treatment and enzymatic treatment

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.091 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (14) ◽

pp. 6602-6607 ◽

Cited By ~ 122

Author(s):

A SORENSEN ◽

P TELLER ◽

T HILSTROM ◽

B AHRING

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Treatment ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Dilute Acid ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Wet Explosion

Download Full-text

Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic sugarcane leaves and tops

Journal of Energy in Southern Africa ◽

10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i3a2354 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Charlie Marembu Dodo ◽

Samphson Mamphweli ◽

Omobola Okoh

Keyword(s):

Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽

Fermentable Sugars ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Dilute Acid ◽

Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Biological Methods

Bioethanol production is one of the most promising possible substitutes for fossil-based fuels, but there is a need to make available cost-effective methods of production if it is to be successful. Various methods for the production of bioethanol using different feedstocks have been explored. Bioethanol synthesis from sugarcane, their tops and leaves have generally been regarded as waste and discarded. This investigation examined the use of lignocellulosic sugarcane leaves and tops as biomass and evaluated their hydrolysate content. The leaves and tops were hydrolysed using concentrated and dilute sulphuric acid and compared with a combination of oxidative alkali-peroxide pre-treatment with enzyme hydrolysis using the enzyme cellulysin® cellulase. Subsequent fermentation of the hydrolysates into bioethanol was done using the yeast saccharomyces cerevisae. The problem of acid hydrolysis to produce inhibitors was eliminated by overliming using calcium hydroxide and this treatment was subsequently compared with sodium hydroxide neutralisation. It was found that oxidative alkali pre-treatment with enzyme hydrolysis gave the highest yield of fermentable sugars of 38% (g/g) for 7% (v/v) peroxide pretreated biomass than 36% (g/g) for 5% (v/v) with the least inhibitors. Concentrated and dilute acid hydrolysis each gave yields of 25% (g/g) and 22% (g/g) respectively, although the acid required a neutralisation step, resulting in dilution. Alkaline neutralisation of acid hydrolysates using sodium hydroxide resulted in less dilution and loss of fermentable sugars, compared with overliming. Higher yields of bioethanol of 13.7 g/l were obtained from enzyme hydrolysates than the 6.9 g/l ethanol from dilute acid hydrolysates. There was more bioethanol yield of 13.7 g/l after 72 hours of fermentation with the yeast than the 7.0 g/l bioethanol after 24 hours.This research showed that it is possible to use sugarcane waste material to supplement biofuel requirements and that combining the chemical and biological methods of pretreatments can give higher yields at a faster rate.

Download Full-text

A Comparative Study of Bioprocess Performance for Improvement of Bioethanol Production from Macroalgae

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly ◽

10.15255/cabeq.2018.1499 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 133-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Benan İnan ◽

Didem Özçimen

Keyword(s):

Potassium Hydroxide ◽

Algal Biomass ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Treatment Temperature ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Marmara Sea ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Dilute Acid ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Bioethanol Yield

In the last decade, studies that have focused on biodiesel production from algal biomass have been replaced with bioethanol production from algae, because bioethanol production from algae seems more promising when assessed on economic terms. Most coastal areas are covered with macroalgae, which are considered as a waste, and thus become a great problem for the municipality. Instead of their disposal, they can be alternatively utilized for bioethanol production. In this study, macroalgae located in the coastal regions of the Marmara Sea were collected and utilized for bioethanol production, and effects of the concentration of pre-treatment chemicals, pre-treatment temperature, and pre-treatment time on bioethanol yield were investigated. The highest bioethanol yields for dilute acid and alkaline pre-treatments were obtained under the conditions of 2 N sulfuric acid and 0.15 N potassium hydroxide solutions at the pre-treatment temperature of 100 °C and pre-treatment time of 60 minutes.

Download Full-text

WORLD AND DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION

Industrial Heat Engineering ◽

10.31472/ihe.4.2018.07 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 50-57

Author(s):

А.A. Dolinskyi ◽

O. M. Obodovych ◽

V.V. Sydorenko

Keyword(s):

Treatment Process ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Cost Component ◽

Crystallinity Degree ◽

Limited Output ◽

The Usa ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Materials Used

The paper presents an overview of bioetanol production technologies. It is noted that world fuel ethanol production in 2017 amounted to more than 27,000 million gallons (80 million tons). Eight countries, namely the USA, Brazil, the EU, China, Canada, Thailand, Argentina, India, together produce about 98% of bioethanol. In Ukraine, the volume of bioethanol production by alcoholic factories in recent years has been gradually increasing and amounted to 2,992.8 ths. dal in 2017. The production of ethanol as an additive to gasoline, with regard to the raw materials used, as well as the corresponding technologies, is historically divided into three generations. The first generation of biofuels produced from food crops rich in sugar or starch is currently dominant. Production of advanced biofuels from non-food crop feedstocks is limited. Output is anticipated to remain modest in the short term, as progress is needed to improve technology readiness. The main stages of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic raw materials are pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The pre-treatment process aims to reduce of sizes of raw material particles, provision of the components exposure (hemicellulose, cellulose, starch), provision of better access for the enzymes (in fermentative hydrolysis) to the surface of raw materials, and reduction of crystallinity degree of the cellulose matrix. The pre-treatment process is a major cost component of the overall process. The pre-treatment process is highly recommended as it gives subsequent or direct yield of the fermentable sugars, prevents premature degradation of the yielded sugars, prevents inhibitors formation prior hydrolysis and fermentation, lowers the processing cost, and lowers the demand of conventional energy in general. From the perspective of efficiency, promising methods of pre-treatment of lignocellulosic raw materials to hydrolysis are combined methods combining mechanical, chemical and physical mechanisms of influence on raw materials. One method that combines several physical effects on a treated substance is the discrete-pulsed energy input (DPIE) method. The DPIE method can be applied in the pre- treatment of lignocellulosic raw material in the technology bioethanol production for intensifying the process and reducing energy consumption. Ref. 15, Fig. 2.

Download Full-text

A Review of Potential of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Bioethanol Production in Kenya

Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences ◽

10.9734/ajocs/2020/v8i219039 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 34-54

Author(s):

John Odhiambo Otieno ◽

Fredrick Onyango Ogutu

Keyword(s):

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Major Drawback ◽

Major Barrier ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Research Technology ◽

Pre Treatment

Lignocellulosic biomass is the earth’s most abundant and renewable resource, and, lignin is its strongest component. The lignocellulosic biomass has a potential to produce bioethanol for both domestic and industrial use. The presence of lignin in the biomass, however, hinders the processing and production of bioethanol from the biomass. Hence, to enhance the chances of bioethanol production from the lignocellulosic biomass, lignin has to be pre-treated. The pre-treatment process efficiently separates the interlinked complex components. During the pre-treatment process, the strong lignin component that is highly resistant and a major barrier to solubilization is broken down by hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose. Pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass is therefore, necessary to make it more susceptible to microorganisms, enzymes, and pathogens. The initial pre-treatment approaches include physical, physicochemical, and biological methods. The major drawback of this pre-treatment process is its cost implications, as it’s very costly. Studies suggest that even though it’s a costly affair, the pre-treatment methods, however, have a significant impact on the efficient production of ethanol from biomass. Situation Analysis: Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass has mostly been undertaken in Brazil, USA, China, and India. In Kenya, however, little research on bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass has been done and adopted. The present review paper seeks to outlay the benefits of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, the composition of lignocellulosic biomass, its properties, different pre-treatment methods alongside advantages, and, disadvantages, and challenges encountered during bioethanol production. This review eventually will be of great assistance to researchers while developing bioethanol from different lignocellulosic biomass. Research, technology adaption/adaptation, and policy targeted at growing bioethanol industry, could enable Kenya to grow her bioethanol industry.

Download Full-text

Dilute acid pre-treatment of oilseed rape straw for bioethanol production

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/j.renene.2011.01.030 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 2424-2432 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Anil Kuruvilla Mathew ◽

Keith Chaney ◽

Mitch Crook ◽

Andrea Claire Humphries

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Rape ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Dilute Acid ◽

Rape Straw ◽

Pre Treatment

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Maximum Percentage Glucose Conversion for Dilute Acid Hydrolysis of Kenaf Biomass Using Statistical Analysis

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.244 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 576 ◽

pp. 244-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.N. Nur Aimi ◽

Mustafa Kamalbhrin Mohd Adlan ◽

Seeni Mohamed Nurhafizah ◽

Mohd Ithnin Ahmad Fitrie ◽

Hazleen Anuar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Dilute Acid ◽

Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Maximum Percentage ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Pre Treatment

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus.L) is a crop- that produces about 70% of biomass larger than any of forest plantations. There is no specific way of using kenaf biomass in industry instead for animal feed and burning in various forms (waste in general). As a result, several researches had been conducted to utilize it in the production of biodegradable polymer as well as bioethanol. This is due to its complex cellulose content that is useful to be converted into glucose before further process. The conversion step from cellulose content of kenaf biomass into glucose is known as pre-treatment process. In this paper, dilute acid hydrolysis was chosen as the pre-treatment process. With the aim to evaluate the maximum percentage of glucose conversion for this kind of pre-treatment process from kenaf biomass, statistical analysis which is analysis of variance (ANOVA) design via central composite design using response surface method (RSM) was selected. Thus, the lower the mass which is at 2 g, and at higher temperature which is 180 oC in longer time which is in 60 min results about 25.33% glucose conversion with the comparison of the predicted value obtained from the experimental design.

Download Full-text

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT DURIAN (Durio zibethinus) DAN KULIT CEMPEDAK (Artocarpus integer) SEBAGAI EDIBLE FILM

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v6i1.1222 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Desi Mustika Amaliyah

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Edible Films ◽

Edible Film ◽

Durio Zibethinus ◽

Yield Result ◽

Pre Treatment

Durian (Durio zibethinus) and cempedak (Artocarpus integer) peels waste are not used by the society. The research aim is to extract pectin from durian and cempedak peels and to formulate the pectin into edible films for food packaging. The research stages were first pre-treatment of durian and cempedak peels, pectin extraction, pectin drying, and pectin application as edible films with concentration of 0%, 5%, and 15%. Based on this research it was concluded that pectin can be extracted from durian and cempedak peels with yield result of 27.97 % and 55.58 %, respectively. Edible film obtained has similar characteristics between raw materials cempedak and durian peels. The higher concentration of cempedak peel pectin increased the thickness, but decreased the tensile strength and elongation at a concentration of 15%. While in edible films from durian peel pectin, the higher concentration of pectin decreased the thickness of edible film on pectin concentration of 15%, lowered tensile strength and raised the edible film elongation.Keywords: waste, durian, cempedak, pectin extraction, edible film

Download Full-text

Reuse of Wastewaters in Agriculture by Means of Sprinkler Irrigation on a Farmland Area of 3000 ha – Large Scale Experience in Germany

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1986.0088 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 163-173

Author(s):

R. Boll ◽

R. Kayser

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Paper Briefly ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Sewage Farm ◽

Western Germany ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Main Components

The Braunschweig wastewater land treatment system as the largest in Western Germany serves a population of about 270.000 and has an annual flow of around 22 Mio m3. The whole treatment process consists of three main components : a pre-treatment plant as an activated sludge process, a sprinkler irrigation area of 3.000 ha of farmland and an old sewage farm of 200 ha with surface flooding. This paper briefly summarizes the experiences with management and operation of the system, the treatment results with reference to environmental impact, development of agriculture and some financial aspects.

Download Full-text