scholarly journals Analysis of Entropy of Temperature and Salinity Distribution in Subsurface Layer of the Kara Sea Water Area by Geomatics Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 1079 (6) ◽  
pp. 062043
Author(s):  
A B Zmerslaya ◽  
V A Tabunshchyk ◽  
A T Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Salinity Distribution

Characteristics of Temperature and Salinity Distribution in the Wonorejo Estuary, Surabaya, Based on Field Measurement

2017 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Anita Diah Pahlewi ◽  
Suntoyo ◽  
Wahyudi ◽  
Muhammad Taufik
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Salinity Distribution ◽  
Salinity Increase ◽  
Longitudinal Position

Wonorejo waters have a significant value, both economically and socially. One of ecosystem that have close relationships with Wonorejo waters is Estuary. Temperature and salinity have role in water circulation, where the water circulation have impact to some organism distribution and pollutant dispersion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristic of temperature and salinity distribution in Wonorejo Estuary body’s water. Furthermore, it can be used for determining the type of Wonorejo Estuary. The observation has been done at Wonorejo Estuary in August 2015 to measure the vertical and horizontal temperature and salinity distribution. The measurement of temperature and salinity used Conductivity, Salinity, Temperature tool by YSI. The result show that commonly the temperature and salinity vertical profile are almost similar from surface layer until the bottom layer. But they have trend where the salinity increase, while the temperature decrease to the water depth. There is no thermocline layer due to the shallow water area, it is so from the upper layer until the bottom layer still influenced by dragforce and the vertical mixing between fresh water and sea water occurs. The horizontal temperature distribution in the open sea surface tend to zonation, which is not depend to longitudinal position. The salinity value in each depth are not change obviously indicate that there is a vertical well mixed between fresh water and sea water.

Heavy Metals in Atmospheric Air in the Kara Sea Water Area in September–October 2011

Oceanology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 870-878
Author(s):  
N. I. Golubeva ◽  
L. V. Burtseva ◽  
S. A. Gromov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Air

DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN THE YENISEI RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT WATER AREA OF THE KARA SEA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Savenko ◽  
Alla Savenko ◽  
Oleg Pokrovsky ◽  
Oleg Pokrovsky ◽  
Irina Streletskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Yenisei River ◽  
Adjacent Water ◽  
The Yenisei River

The distribution of dissolved chemical elements (major ions, nutrients, and trace elements) in the Yenisei River estuary and adjacent water area in 2009 and 2010 are presented. These results were compared to the data obtained during previous hydrochemical studies of this region. The transport of major cations (Na, K, Mg, Ca) and some trace elements (Rb, Cs, Sr, B, F, As, Mo, U) in the estuary follows conservative mixing. Alkalinity also belongs to conservative components, however this parameter exhibits substantial spatial heterogeneity caused by complex hydrological structure of the Yenisei Bay and adjoining part of the Kara Sea formed under the influence of several sources of desalination and salty waters inflow. Concentrations of Pmin, Si, and V in the desalinized waters of photic layer decrease seaward owing to uptake by phytoplankton. The losses of these elements reach 30–57, 30, and 9% of their supply by river runoff, respectively. The content of dissolved phosphates and vanadium in the intermediate and near-bottom layers of the Yenisei River estuary strongly increases with salinity due to regeneration of precipitated organic matter, whereas silica remineralization is much less pronounced. Barium is characterized by additional input of dissolved forms in the mixing zone in the quantity comparable to that carried out by river runoff. This may be caused by its desorption from river suspended matter due to ion exchange. The transport of dissolved Al and Mn in the estuarine zone is probably controlled by the coagulation and flocculation of organic and organomineral colloids, which is indicated by a decrease in the concentration of these elements at the beginning of the estuary (31 and 56%, respectively) followed by a stable concentration further seaward.

scholarly journals Transboundary geophysical mapping of geological elements and salinity distribution critical for the assessment of future sea water intrusion in response to sea level rise

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1845-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jørgensen ◽  
W. Scheer ◽  
S. Thomsen ◽  
T. O. Sonnenborg ◽  
K. Hinsby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Salinity Distribution ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
The North

Abstract. Geophysical techniques are increasingly being used as tools for characterising the subsurface, and they are generally required to develop subsurface models that properly delineate the distribution of aquifers and aquitards, salt/freshwater interfaces, and geological structures that affect groundwater flow. In a study area covering 730 km2 across the border between Germany and Denmark, a combination of an airborne electromagnetic survey (performed with the SkyTEM system), a high-resolution seismic survey and borehole logging has been used in an integrated mapping of important geological, physical and chemical features of the subsurface. The spacing between flight lines is 200–250 m which gives a total of about 3200 line km. About 38 km of seismic lines have been collected. Faults bordering a graben structure, buried tunnel valleys, glaciotectonic thrust complexes, marine clay units, and sand aquifers are all examples of geological structures mapped by the geophysical data that control groundwater flow and to some extent hydrochemistry. Additionally, the data provide an excellent picture of the salinity distribution in the area and thus provide important information on the salt/freshwater boundary and the chemical status of groundwater. Although the westernmost part of the study area along the North Sea coast is saturated with saline water and the TEM data therefore are strongly influenced by the increased electrical conductivity there, buried valleys and other geological elements are still revealed. The mapped salinity distribution indicates preferential flow paths through and along specific geological structures within the area. The effects of a future sea level rise on the groundwater system and groundwater chemistry are discussed with special emphasis on the importance of knowing the existence, distribution and geometry of the mapped geological elements, and their control on the groundwater salinity distribution is assessed.

Content and variability of nutrients in the water area of ​​Blagopoluchiya Bay (Novaya Zemlya, Kara Sea)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennadii Borisenko ◽  
Alexander Polukhin ◽  
Valentina Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Shirshov Institute ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Novaya Zemlya Archipelago ◽  
Novaya Zemlya

<p>In the frames of the scientific program “Investigation of the Russian Arctic ecosystems” in 2007-2020 held by Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, comprehensive studies of the bays of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago (NZA) were carried out. There is very little information in the scientific literature on the dynamics and hydrochemical structure of the waters of the bays. Our investigations have revealed that the concentration of nutrients (first of all, nitrates and silicate) in the bays of NZA was higher than in the surrounding water area of ​​the Kara Sea. The most well studied and open for investigations is the Blagopoluchiya Bay in the northern island of NZA. Blagopoluchiya Bay is a fjord-type bay with several streams of the glacier origin.</p><p>The concentrations of nutrients (N, P, Si, C) in the streams were observed in August-September (0-1.53 µM of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>, 6.4-50.2 µM of SiO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>, 0.6-11.2 µM of NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>+NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, 732-4815 µM of DIC). The observed content of nutrients in the waters of the bay was on average 2 times lower, but not lower than the level limiting the development of phytoplankton.</p><p>We suppose that high concentrations of nutrients in NZA bays in August-September were supported by increasing glacial runoff from NZA during the summer open water period and the removal of products of degradation of shore rocks with it. Despite the constant enrichment of nutrients, the concentration of phytoplankton in Blagopoluchiya Bay was extremely low (0.2-0.7 mkgC/l) in comparison with the adjacent marine part of the Kara Sea in all years of research.  Perhaps it was due to osmostress of planktonic algae during desalination of the bay by the NZA runoff.</p><p>This work was supported by the State Agreement of The Ministry of Science and Education of Russian Federation (theme №0128-2019-0008); Russian Foundation for Basic Research project 18-05-60069 (processing hydrochemistry data); Russian Scientific Foundation project 19-17-00196 (data obtaining); by the Grant of the President of the Russian Federation MK-860.2020.5 (processing carbonate chemistry data).</p>

Structure of the freshened surface layer in the Eastern Arctic during ice-free periods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Osadchiev ◽  
Dmitry Frey
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
The World

<p><span>Discharges from the largest rivers of the World to coastal sea form sea-wide freshened surface layers which areas have order of hundred thousands of square kilometers. Large freshened surface layers (which are among the largest in the World Ocean) are located in the Kara, Laptev, and East-Siberian seas in the Eastern Arctic. </span><span>This work is focused on the structure and inter-annual variability of these freshened water masses during ice-free periods. The freshened surface layer in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas is formed mainly by deltaic rives among which the Lena River contributes about two thirds of the inflowing freshwater volume. Based on in situ measurements, we show that the area of this freshened surface layer is much greater than the area of the freshened surface layer in the neighboring Kara Sea, while the total annual freshwater discharge to the Laptev and East-Siberian seas is 1.5 times less than to the Kara Sea (mainly from the estuaries of the Ob and Yenisei rivers). This feature is caused by differences in morphology of the estuaries and deltas. Shallow and narrow channels of the Lena Delta are limitedly affected by sea water. As a result, undiluted Lena discharge inflows to sea from multiple channels and forms relatively shallow plume, as compared to the Ob-Yenisei plumes which mix with subjacent saline sea water in deep and wide estuaries. The shallow Lena plume spreads over wide area (up to 500 000 km<sup>2</sup>) in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas during and shortly after freshet period in summer and then transforms to the Laptev/East-Siberian ROFI in autumn. Area and position of the relatively shallow freshened surface layer in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas have large inter-annual variability governed by local wind forcing conditions, however, do not show any dependence on significant variability of the annual volume of discharge rate from the Lena River. The deep freshened surface layer in the Kara Sea also has distinct seasonal varability of area and position, however, is stable on inter-annual time scale.<br></span></p>

Monitoring of aerosols and the state of sea water of the water area of the Karadag natural reserve

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
V. V. Goncharuk ◽  
A. O. Samsoni-Todorov ◽  
O. A. Savchenko ◽  
V. A. Yaremenko ◽  
V. A. Lapchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Reserve

scholarly journals The origin of brackish and saline groundwater in the coastal area of the Netherlands

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E.A. Post ◽  
H. Van der Plicht ◽  
H.A.J. Meijer
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Salinity Distribution ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Saline Waters

AbstractAn explanation is presented for the origin of brackish to saline groundwater in the coastal area of the Netherlands based on geological, chemical (chlorinity), isotopic and geophysical data. A critical review of all possible salinization mechanisms shows that the origin of the brackish water is related to former transgressions. Both the vertical salinity distribution and the carbon-14 activity of the groundwater indicate that connate sea water from the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene is not the source of the brackish to saline waters in the overlying Pleistocene fluvial aquifers. Instead, it derives from Holocene transgressions. The salinization mechanism is discussed in relation to the paleogeographical development during the Holocene and the occurrence of low-permeability strata. Finally, freshening of the aquifers following retreat of the sea is briefly considered.

scholarly journals Structure and Inter-Annual Variability of the Freshened Surface Layer in the Laptev and East-Siberian Seas During Ice-Free Periods

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Osadchiev ◽  
Dmitry Frey ◽  
Eduard Spivak ◽  
Sergey Shchuka ◽  
Natalia Tilinina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Ekman Transport ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Ice Coverage

This work is focused on the structure and inter-annual variability of the freshened surface layer (FSL) in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas during ice-free periods. This layer is formed mainly by deltaic rivers among which the Lena River contributes about two thirds of the inflowing freshwater volume. Based on in situ measurements, we show that the area of this FSL during certain years is much greater than the area of FSL in the neighboring Kara Sea, while the total annual freshwater discharge to the Laptev and East-Siberian seas is 1.5 times less than to the Kara Sea (mainly from the estuaries of the Ob and Yenisei rivers). This feature is caused by differences in morphology of the estuaries and deltas. Shallow and narrow channels of the Lena Delta are limitedly affected by sea water. As a result, undiluted Lena discharge inflows to sea from multiple channels and forms relatively shallow plume, as compared to the Ob-Yenisei plume, which mixes with subjacent saline sea water in deep and wide estuaries. Due to small vertical extents of FSL in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas, wind conditions strongly affect its spreading and determine its significant inter-annual variability, as compared to relatively stable FSL in the Kara Sea. During years with prevailing western and northern winds, FSL is localized in the southern parts of the Laptev and East-Siberian seas due to southward Ekman transport, meridional extent (<250 km) and area (∼250,000 km2) of FSL are relatively small. During years with strong eastern winds FSL spreads northward over large area (up to 500,000 km2), its meridional extent increases up to 500–700 km. At the same time, area and position of FSL do not show any dependence on significant variability of the annual river discharge volume and ice coverage during warm season.

scholarly journals Content of technogenic radionuclides in water, bottom sediments and benthos of the Kara sea and shallow bays of the Novaya zemlya archipelago

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1261-1268
Author(s):  
T. A. Goryachenkova ◽  
A. P. Borisov ◽  
G. Yu. Solov`eva ◽  
E. A. Lavrinovich ◽  
I. E. Kazinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Global Fallout ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Radioactive Cesium ◽  
Novaya Zemlya Archipelago ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

During the expedition on the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh research vessel in 2016 year it was established that the content of radioactive cesium in the sea water of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago bays and open sea are at a level corresponding to the global fallout (1 Bq /m3). Plutonium content in water is slightly higher .The activity of neptunium in water is an order of magnitude higher than the activity of plutonium (0.761.89 Bq/m3), although its content in global fallout is almost two orders of magnitude lower than the plutonium content. The plutonium content in the bottom sediments of the Kara Sea is 0.23.8 Bq/kg. The content of radioactive cesium is as high as possible in the mouth of the Yenisei River (up to 21 Bq/kg) Analysis of benthic samples showed that the content of radioactive cesium and plutonium in samples taken in the bays of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago is below the detection limit. The neptunium content in the benthos samples is above the detection limit and amounts to 180 Bq/kg wet weight. It was showed that the content of neptunium in benthos is one of the indicators of radioactive contamination of the marine environment.

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