scholarly journals Soil Stabilization using Polypropylene Clamshell Food Containers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1200 (1) ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
N A C M Salwi ◽  
N Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Food Container

Abstract Soil stabilization is the method of improving the physical properties of soil, such as shear strength and bearing capacity of the soil, by using controlled compaction or the addition of admixtures to produce an improved soil material that has all the desired engineering properties. The new technique of soil stabilization uses plastic waste as an alternative material is of outmost crucial since plastic wastes are non-biodegradable and remain intact after being buried in soil for many years. The present study is focused on investigating the effectiveness of utilizing polypropylene clamshell food containers as soil stabilizers. The physical properties of the untreated clayey soil are determined by conducting moisture content, specific gravity, particle size distribution, and the Atterberg limit test. Also, the Standard Proctor compaction test, as well as the unconfined compressive strength test, are carried out to determine the compaction and strength parameters of the soil sample before and after reinforcing with different percentages of polypropylene clamshell food container strips such as 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2%. Findings from this study indicate that the addition of polypropylene clamshell food container strips in the clayey soil is capable of becoming a soil stabilizer agent as the optimum compressive strength of the soil was achieved with replacement of 0.8% of plastic strips, along with increasing the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) while decreasing the Maximum Dry Density (MDD). Successful implementation of polypropylene plastic in soil stabilization can help minimize the volume of plastic waste in the environment, which then leads to developing a sustainable future by utilizing recyclable material as alternative sources in the geotechnical field.

scholarly journals Using Steel Slag for Stabilizing Clayey Soil in Sulaimani City-Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Zozk Kawa Abdalqadir ◽  
Nihad Bahaaldeen Salih ◽  
Soran Jabbar Hama Salih
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Clayey Soils

The clayey soils have the capability to swell and shrink with the variation in moisture content. Soil stabilization is a well-known technique, which is implemented to improve the geotechnical properties of soils. The massive quantities of waste materials are resulting from modern industry methods create disposal hazards in addition to environmental problems. The steel industry has a waste that can be used with low strength and weak engineering properties soils. This study is carried out to evaluate the effect of steel slag (SS) as a by-product of the geotechnical properties of clayey soil. A series of laboratory tests were conducted on natural and stabilized soils. SS was added by 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20% to the soil. The conducted tests are consistency limits, specific gravity, hydrometer analysis, modified Proctor compaction, swelling pressure, swelling percent, unconfined compressive strength, and California Bearing Ratio (Soaked CBR). The results showed that the values of liquid limit, plasticity index, optimum moisture content, swelling pressure, and swelling percent were decreased when stabilized the soil. However, the values of maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, and California bearing ratio were increased with the addition of steel slag with various percentages to the clayey soil samples. The steel slag was found to be successfully improving the geotechnical properties of clayey soils.

Laboratory Investigation on the Strength Characteristics of Cement-Treated Base

2014 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amiruddin Ismail ◽  
Mojtaba Shojaei Baghini ◽  
Mohamed Rehan Karim ◽  
Foad Shokri ◽  
Ramez A. Al-Mansob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Tension Test ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Flexure Strength ◽  
Indirect Tension ◽  
Indirect Tension Test

Cement-Treated Base (CTB) is a non-conventional method used in road bases materials to improve its engineering properties due to the hardening of cement when moisture is present and extends the period of curing times. This study investigates the effects of cement additive on properties of base layer using laboratory mechanistic evaluation of stabilized soil mixtures. Laboratory tests conducted were Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), Indirect Tension test for Resilient Modulus (ITRM) and Flexure Strength (FS) tests. The results revealed that by adding Portland cement, the mechanical properties of the mixture have improved where the UCS is found to be an important quality indicator. In addition, the variables that influenced these tests, which are cement content, curing time, moisture content, and dry density, play important role to determine the performance of CTB. This paper presents the finding of a correlation conducted to analyse the influences of these variables using regression and ANOVA to establish significant models with the aim of predicting the strength base on mixture parameters. Keywords: Cement-Treated Base, Unconfined Compressive Strength, Indirect Tension test for Resilient Modulus, Flexure Strength, Moisture Content, Dry Density, Regression Analysis.

scholarly journals Layered Grouting Technology Based on a Comprehensive Water-to-Cement Ratio for the Overlying Loess Stratum of Urban Shallow Tunnels

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Teng Yang ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Qingsong Zhang ◽  
Zhanchao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Test System ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Road Tunnel ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Grouting Pressure ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio

Different from sand and clay, loess has special engineering properties; hence, existing soil grouting theories are not suitable for the disaster treatment of shallow loess tunnels. In this study, a fine grouting reinforcement test system was developed, and the Yuhan Road tunnel overlying loess was used as the injection medium. An orthogonal test based on slurry dry density, moisture content, water-to-cement ratio, and grouting pressure was conducted. Results revealed that the loess samples have high integrity after grouting, and the cohesion and compressive strength improved significantly. The stress-strain curve showed that the strengthened samples have greater ultimate and residual strengths than samples before grouting. Through a range analysis, it was determined that water-to-cement ratio and moisture content are the main factors affecting loess cohesion and compressive strength. Therefore, a comprehensive test of the water-to-cement ratio and moisture content as a single variable was conducted. It was found that their influence on loess cohesion and compressive strength is not a single linear relationship but a combined balance. To characterize the joint effect of water in loess and in slurry on reinforcement, the concept of a comprehensive water-to-cement ratio is proposed, and the cohesion and compressive strength curves with respect to this ratio were drawn. An optimal comprehensive water-to-cement ratio, which corresponds to the maximum cohesion or compressive strength, was found. Based on this ratio, we further propose a method to calculate the water-to-cement ratio of slurry and suitable grouting amount for the Yuhan Road tunnel reinforcement project, in which all solution parameters can be measured via field tests. In the project, a surface layered grouting scheme, based on the optimal comprehensive water-to-cement ratio, was designed. After grouting, loess strength was improved significantly, permeability was reduced greatly, and the overall reinforcement effect was suitable; these results provide a reference for similar projects.

A Study of Soil Stabilization by Hydrated Lime at Kampung Kedaik Asal, Rompin, Pahang, Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 738-741
Author(s):  
Azhani Zukri ◽  
Nadiatul Adilah Ahmad Abdul Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Curing Period

This study involves the clay sample which is taken from Kampung Kedaik Asal, Rompin site and evaluation of its properties in natural state and after stabilization. The main objectives of this paper is to estimate the optimum lime content (OLC) needed to stabilize the soil by using Eades-Grim pH Test, to determine the optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) of the treated soil by Standard Proctor Test and also the strength value of the soil specimens with different percentages of lime content corresponding with different curing period by Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Test. From this study, the optimum amount to stabilize the clay soil and minimum amount of lime required to stabilize the soil pH level to 12 is 5%. The results showed that addition of lime decreased the maximum dry density (MDD) and increased the optimum moisture content (OMC). Unconfined compressive test on 48 sets of samples has been carried out for 7, 14 and 28 days of curing with different lime contents such as 5%, 7% and 9%. The highest unconfined compressive strength (UCS) achieved is 321 kN/m2 for clay stabilized with 9% lime content cured at 28 days. From the test results, it was found that the longer the immersion of curing period with higher lime content, the greater the compressive strength of the specimen.

scholarly journals Influence of Waste Marble Dust on the Improvement of Expansive Clay Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hassan A. M. Abdelkader ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Hussein ◽  
Haiwang Ye
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Expansive Clay ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Marble Dust ◽  
Soil Mixtures

The marble process industry from Shaq Al-Thouban region, which is located in East Cairo, Egypt, produces a huge amount of marble wastes every day during the cutting and processing stages. Up to now, most of these wastes are dumping on open land which creates serious environmental problems. The amount of waste marble from the processing stage is about 20 to 25% of the total processed stone. Egypt also suffers from the problem of expansive soil that occupies a large area of its lands, especially in the new cities that are built on these lands. The primary purpose of this study is to use this waste material in the soil stabilization in point of view utilization of this waste as local low-cost materials and elimination of their negative environmental impacts. The waste marble dust was mixed with expansive soil samples with various percentages of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by dry weight of soil. Different tests including Atterberg’s limits, standard Proctor compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR), swelling percentage, linear shrinkage (LS) tests, and XRF and XRD analyses were conducted for natural and marble dust stabilized soils. The soil mixtures used for UCS, CBR, and swell tests were compacted at the optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) using the standard Proctor compaction method and cured for 7 days. The results of the tests showed that there are significant effects in enhancing the properties of expansive soils. Also, the results showed that as the percentage of the marble dust increases the plasticity index, the swelling potential of the expansive clayey soil decreases. Furthermore, the optimum moisture content decreases, and the maximum dry density increases. Also, UCS, CBR, and the calcite content of the soil mixtures increase with the increase in marble dust content.

Improvement of Soil by Using Natural Material (JUTE AND GYPSUM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2254-2258
Author(s):  
Zahid Hussain Shapoo
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Proctor Test ◽  
Varying Length ◽  
Standard Proctor Test

Abstract: Generally clay exhibits undesirable engineering properties like poor bearing capacity and higher compressibility. Thus the improvement of the soil at site is indispensable. There are many stabilizers to improve the strength of soil like Jute, Gypsum, fly ash, rice husk ash, cement, lime used rubber tyres etc. In the present Study , we added jute and gypsum as stabilizer to improve the properties of clayey soil . Locally available clayey soil is used in this study . The objective of this study is to improve the strength of the clayey soil by making soil-jute and soil-jute-gypsum mixture. six specimens are prepared to investigate the properties of soil out of which three specimens are prepared by adding 1% of jute with varying length of 1cm,2cm and 3cm and the remaining three specimens are prepared by adding 1% jute and gypsum each with varying length of 1cm,2cm and 3cm of jute . Standard proctor test and unconfined compressive strength test are conducted to analyse the optimum moisture content (OMC), Maximum dry density (MDD) and compressive strength of soil mixture.

scholarly journals Strength Characteristics of Crushed Concrete and Carbide Wastes Stabilization of Clayey Soil as Highway Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Joseph Ejelikwu Edeh
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Crushed Concrete ◽  
Pavement Structures

The functionality of a highway pavement is often judged by the quality and engineering properties of the soil-pavement structures and the materials used to improve the properties of these underlying soils. In this study, crushed concrete waste and carbide waste, whose associated disposal problems constitute environmental hazard, were used for the stabilization of clayey soil using British Standard heavy (Modified Proctor) compaction energy, and used as highway construction material. The various mixes were subjected to particles size analyses, specific gravity, moisture content, Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, California bearing ratio, unconfined compressive strength test triaxial and water absorption tests. The test results show that the properties of the clayey soil improved with its stabilization with crushed concrete and carbide wastes. The maximum dry density decreased from 1.93 to 1.29 Mg/m3 with corresponding increase in optimum moisture content from 6.0 to 16.6 %, as carbide waste content increased, and crushed concrete waste and clayey soil contents of the mixtures decreased. The maximum California bearing ratio value of 55.01 % (unsoaked and soaked for 24 h) recorded for 25%CS + 75% (75%CCW + 25%CW) mix can be used as subbase material in flexible pavement construction. Further work may assess resilient modulus of this material under cyclic load.

scholarly journals Modification of Engineering Properties of Clayey Soil by Addition of Mine Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2343-2347
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density

The potential of using iron ore mine waste with an highly compressible clayey soil soil from North Karnataka, India, is investigated in this study. Mining activities lead to the production of waste materials during their extraction and processing stages. The waste maybe in the form of an overburden, waste Rock, Mine Water, or Tailings, depending on the geology, type of processing technology used and the resources mined. The lack of storage space has also been a major concern for the mineral producing agencies, thus paving ways for its better utilization in various construction processes. The collected mine waste was added to expansive soil in different percentages and the mix was tested for Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, Unconfined compressive strength and California bearing Ratio. It was found that the liquid limit and plasticity index of the soil reduced with addition of mine waste while strength improved. Based on test results of maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength, a mix of 40% mine waste with 60% expansive clayey soil is recommended for low cost roads. Blending mine waste with expansive soil paves way for sustainable construction besides economic benefits

scholarly journals Characterization and Comparison Research on Composite of Alluvial Clayey Soil Modified with Fine Aggregates of Construction Waste and Fly Ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Qu Jili ◽  
Wang Junfeng ◽  
Batugin Andrian ◽  
Zhu Hao
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Optimum Water Content

Abstract Fine aggregates of construction waste and fly ash were selected as additives to modify the characteristics of Shanghai clayey soil as a composite. The laboratory tests on consistency index, maximum dry density, and unconfined compressive strength were carried out mainly for the purpose of comparing the modifying effect on the composite from fine aggregates of construction waste with that from fly ash. It is mainly concluded from test results that the liquid and plastic limit of the composites increase with the content of two additives. But their maximum dry density all decreases with the additive content. However, fine aggregates of construction waste can increase the optimum water content of the composites, while fly ash on the contrary. Finally, although the two additive all can increase the unconfined compressive strength of composites, fly ash has better effect. The current conclusions are also compared with previous studies, which indicates that the current research results are not completely the same as those from other researchers.

scholarly journals Geotechnical properties of reinforced clayey soil using nylons carry’s bags by products

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla Salim ◽  
Kawther Al-Soudany ◽  
Nora Jajjawi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Replacement Technique

All structures built on soft soil may experience uncontrollable settlement and critical bearing capacity. This may not meet the design requirements for the geotechnical engineer. Soil stabilization is the change of these undesirable properties in order to meet the requirements. Traditional methods of stabilizing or through in-situ ground improvement such as compaction or replacement technique is usually costly. Now a safe and economic disposal of industrial wastes and development of economically feasible ground improvement techniques are the important challenges being faced by the engineering community. This work focuses on improving the soft soil brought from Baghdad by utilizing the local waste material for stabilization of soil, such as by using “Nylon carry bag’s by product” with the different percentage and corresponding to 1 %, 3% and 5% (the portion of stabilizer matters to soil net weight) of dried soil. The results indicated that as Nylon’s fiber content increases, the liquid limit decreases while the plastic limit increases, so the plasticity index decreases. Furthermore, the maximum dry density decreases while, the optimum moisture content increases as the Nylon’s fiber percentage increases. The compression index (decreases as the Nylon’s fiber increases and provides a maximum of 43% reduction by adding 5% nylon waste material. In addition, the results indicated that, the undrained shear strength increases as the nylon fiber increases.

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