scholarly journals Effects of protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in nonfrail community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1043-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique S M ten Haaf ◽  
Malou A H Nuijten ◽  
Martijn F H Maessen ◽  
Astrid M H Horstman ◽  
Thijs M H Eijsvogels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

ABSTRACT Background Increasing protein intake has been suggested as an effective strategy to ameliorate age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Current reviews assessing the effect of protein supplementation are strongly influenced by the inclusion of studies with frail older adults. Objectives We assessed the effect of protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in exclusively nonfrail community-dwelling older adults. Moreover, we assessed the superior effects of protein supplementation during concomitant resistance exercise training on muscle characteristics. Design A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to 15 May 2018. We included randomized controlled trials that assessed the effect of protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle thigh cross-sectional area, muscle strength, gait speed, and chair-rise ability and performed random-effects meta-analyses. Results Data from 36 studies with 1682 participants showed no significant effects of protein supplementation on changes in lean body mass [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.11; 95% CI: −0.06, 0.28], handgrip strength (SMD: 0.58; 95% CI: −0.08, 1.24), lower extremity muscle strength (SMD: 0.03; 95% CI: −0.20, 0.27), gait speed (SMD: 0.41; 95% CI: −0.04, 0.85), or chair-rise ability (SMD: 0.10; 95%: CI −0.08, 0.28) compared with a control condition in nonfrail community-dwelling older adults. Moreover, no superior effects of protein supplementation were found during concomitant resistance exercise training on muscle characteristics. Conclusions Protein supplementation in nonfrail community-dwelling older adults does not lead to increases in lean body mass, muscle cross-sectional area, muscle strength, or physical performance compared with control conditions; nor does it exert superior effects when added to resistance exercise training. Habitual protein intakes of most study participants were already sufficient, and protein interventions differed in terms of type of protein, amount, and timing. Future research should clarify what specific protein supplementation protocol is beneficial for nonfrail community-dwelling older adults with low habitual protein intake.

scholarly journals Process Evaluation of a Combined Lifestyle Intervention for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: ProMuscle in Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1538-1554
Author(s):  
Ellen J I van Dongen ◽  
Esmée L Doets ◽  
Lisette C P G M de Groot ◽  
Berber G Dorhout ◽  
Annemien Haveman-Nies
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Support Intervention ◽  
Nutrition Course ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background and Objectives The ProMuscle in Practice intervention combines resistance exercise training and dietary protein intake for community-dwelling older adults, implemented by health care professionals (HCPs). This study aimed to evaluate implementation and context of this intervention in Dutch health care practice. Research Design and Methods We conducted a randomized controlled multicenter intervention study in 5 Dutch municipalities. Eighty-two older adults received the 12-week intensive support intervention (resistance exercise training and individual dietary counseling) and the optional 12-week moderate support intervention (resistance exercise training and a nutrition course). Mixed method data were collected from both participants and HCPs (n = 37) on process indicators recruitment, dose received, acceptability, fidelity, applicability, and context. Results Overall, the intervention was feasible to implement and accepted by participants and HCPs. About two thirds of participants continued with the moderate support intervention after the first 12 weeks. The mean dose received for the training sessions was 83.6% in the intensive intervention, 63.6% in the moderate intervention, >90% for individual dietitian consultations, and 76.8% for the nutrition course. The intensive support intervention was implemented with high fidelity, whereas for the moderate support intervention resistance exercise trainings varied in implementation between exercise providers. Discussion and Implications A combined resistance exercise training and dietary protein intervention for community-dwelling older adults can be successfully implemented in practice. Well-tailored interventions, intensive supervision by skilled HCPs, social aspects, fidelity, and fit within real-world settings appeared essential for successful implementation. These elements are important for continuous intervention optimization to accomplish broader and successful implementation.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Reduces the Muscle Anabolic Effect of Resistance Exercise Training in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 529-529
Author(s):  
Amanda Randolph ◽  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
Adetutu Odejimi ◽  
Blake Rasmussen ◽  
Elena Volpi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass

Abstract Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) accelerates the incidence and increases the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults. This suggests an urgent need for identifying effective sarcopenia treatments for older adults with T2DM. It is unknown whether traditional approaches, such as progressive resistance exercise training (PRET), can effectively counteract sarcopenia in older patients with T2DM. To test the efficacy of PRET for the treatment of sarcopenia in older adults with T2DM, 30 subjects (15 T2DM and 15 age- and sex- matched controls) underwent metabolic testing with muscle biopsies before and after a 13-week full-body PRET program. Primary outcome measures included changes in appendicular lean mass, muscle strength, and mixed muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR). Before PRET, BMI-adjusted appendicular lean mass was significantly lower in the T2DM group (0.7095±0.0381 versus 0.8151±0.0439, p<0.0001). As a result of PRET, appendicular lean mass adjusted for BMI and muscle strength increased significantly in both groups, but to a lesser extent for the T2DM group (p=0.0009) . Preliminary results for FSR (n=25) indicate that subjects with T2DM had lower basal FSR prior to PRET (p=0.0197) . Basal FSR increased significantly in the control group after PRET (p=0.0196), while it did not change in the T2DM group (p=0.3537). These results suggest that in older adults the positive effect of PRET on muscle anabolism and strength is reduced by T2DM . Thus, older adults with T2DM may require more intensive, multimodal and targeted sarcopenia treatment. Funded by NIH R01AG049611 and P30AG024832.

scholarly journals Influence of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on skeletal muscle adaptations to resistance exercise in older adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (3) ◽  
pp. R655-R662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Trappe ◽  
Chad C. Carroll ◽  
Jared M. Dickinson ◽  
Jennifer K. LeMoine ◽  
Jacob M. Haus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Cox 1

Evidence suggests that consumption of over-the-counter cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors may interfere with the positive effects that resistance exercise training has on reversing sarcopenia in older adults. This study examined the influence of acetaminophen or ibuprofen consumption on muscle mass and strength during 12 wk of knee extensor progressive resistance exercise training in older adults. Thirty-six individuals were randomly assigned to one of three groups and consumed the COX-inhibiting drugs in double-blind placebo-controlled fashion: placebo (67 ± 2 yr; n = 12), acetaminophen (64 ± 1 yr; n = 11; 4 g/day), and ibuprofen (64 ± 1 yr; n = 13; 1.2 g/day). Compliance with the resistance training program (100%) and drug consumption (via digital video observation, 94%), and resistance training intensity were similar ( P > 0.05) for all three groups. Drug consumption unexpectedly increased muscle volume (acetaminophen: 109 ± 14 cm3, 12.5%; ibuprofen: 84 ± 10 cm3, 10.9%) and muscle strength (acetaminophen: 19 ± 2 kg; ibuprofen: 19 ± 2 kg) to a greater extent ( P < 0.05) than placebo (muscle volume: 69 ± 12 cm3, 8.6%; muscle strength: 15 ± 2 kg), when controlling for initial muscle size and strength. Follow-up analysis of muscle biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis before and after training showed muscle protein content, muscle water content, and myosin heavy chain distribution were not influenced ( P > 0.05) by drug consumption. Similarly, muscle content of the two known enzymes potentially targeted by the drugs, COX-1 and -2, was not influenced ( P > 0.05) by drug consumption, although resistance training did result in a drug-independent increase in COX-1 (32 ± 8%; P < 0.05). Drug consumption did not influence the size of the nonresistance-trained hamstring muscles ( P > 0.05). Over-the-counter doses of acetaminophen or ibuprofen, when consumed in combination with resistance training, do not inhibit and appear to enhance muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in older adults. The present findings coupled with previous short-term exercise studies provide convincing evidence that the COX pathway(s) are involved in the regulation of muscle protein turnover and muscle mass in humans.

Impact of Adding Protein Supplementation to Exercise Training on Lean Body Mass and Muscle Strength in Burn Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar M Badawy ◽  
Nesma M Allam
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Abstract Protein catabolism is a common complication after burn injury, leading to a loss of muscle mass and a decrease in muscle strength. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combining exercise training with protein supplementation on lean body mass and muscle strength in patients with severe burn. Sixty participants with severe burn &gt;30% of TBSA were randomly distributed into four equal groups of 15 participants per group. Group A (Exercise and Protein) received oral protein supplementation (Inkospor X-TREME; 1.5–2.0 g/kg/d), exercise program, and traditional burn care; group B (Protein) received oral protein supplementation and traditional burn care; group C (Exercise) received exercise program and traditional burn care; and group D (Control) received traditional burn care. Lean body mass was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, whereas muscle strength was measured using Biodex 3 Dynamometer System before treatment and 12 weeks after treatment. A significant increase in lean body mass was found in group A compared with that of group B, group C, and group D post-treatment (P &lt; .001). Also, a significant increase was recorded in peak torque of group A compared with that of group B, group C, and group D post-treatment (P &lt; .001). Exercise training can significantly increase lean body mass and peak torque. Protein supplementation can significantly increase lean body mass but cannot significantly increase muscle strength, whereas protein + exercise group has a great impact on lean body mass and muscle power than exercise group and protein group in burn patients.

scholarly journals Personalized Protein Supplementation Improves Total Protein, Leucine, and Energy Intake in (Pre)Sarcopenic Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the ENHANce RCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenore Dedeyne ◽  
Jolan Dupont ◽  
Sabine Verschueren ◽  
Katrien Koppo ◽  
Jos Tournoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Recommendations concerning protein quantity, source, and leucine intake for older adults are difficult to reach by regular dietary intake. This randomized clinical trial assesses in sarcopenic community-dwelling older adults (i) the regular (non-supplemented) daily protein and leucine intake; and (ii) the effect of personalized protein supplementation (aiming for an evenly distributed total protein intake of 1.5 g·kg−1·d−1 of body mass, accounting for energy intake) on regular and total (dietary and supplemental) intake. A preliminary feasibility study in participants of the ongoing Exercise and Nutrition for Healthy AgeiNg (ENHANce) study was performed with the objective to assess the intake and distribution of regular dietary protein and leucine, protein source and energy intake in (pre)sarcopenic community-dwelling older adults. Moreover, this study aimed to assess if personalized protein supplementation was feasible without negatively affecting regular dietary intake. ENHANce (NCT03649698) is a 5-armed RCT that assesses the effect of anabolic interventions on physical performance in (pre)sarcopenic older adults. In August 2019, n = 51 participants were included in ENHANce with complete available data on dietary intake at screening and thus eligible for inclusion in present analysis. Of these, n = 35 participants completed the intervention period of ENHANce at the moment of analysis, allowing an exploration of the effect of supplementation on regular dietary intake. The regular dietary protein intake of 51 (pre)sarcopenic adults (73.6 ± 6.5 years) was 1.06 ± 0.3 g·kg−1·d−1 of body mass. Protein supplementation (n = 20) improved total protein intake to 1.55 ± 0.3 g·kg−1·d−1 of body mass (P &lt; 0.001) without affecting regular dietary protein (P = 0.176) or energy intake (P = 0.167). Placebo supplementation (n = 15) did not affect regular dietary protein intake (P = 0.910) but decreased regular dietary energy intake (P = 0.047). Regular leucine intake was unevenly distributed over the day, but increased by supplementation at breakfast (P &lt; 0.001) and dinner (P = 0.010) to at least 2.46 g leucine·meal−1, without reducing regular dietary leucine intake (P = 0.103). Animal-based protein intake—the main protein source—was not affected by supplementation (P = 0.358). Personalized protein supplementation ensured an adequate quantity and even distribution of protein and leucine over the day, without affecting regular dietary protein or energy intake.

scholarly journals The provision of recipes and single-use herb/spice packets to increase egg and protein intake in community-dwelling older adults: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
E van den Heuvel ◽  
JL Murphy ◽  
KM Appleton
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Objective: This study investigated the impact of recipe and single-use herb/spice packet provision on egg intake and protein intake in community-dwelling individuals aged over 55 years. Design: Using a randomised-controlled intervention design, 100 older adults were randomised to receive (n 53) or not receive (n 47) high-protein egg-based recipes and herb/spice packets through the post for 12 weeks, from June to December 2016. Egg intake, protein intake, adverse events, lean body mass and functional measures of lean body mass were measured at baseline, after the 12 weeks and after a further 12 weeks. Setting: Bournemouth, UK. Participants: Community-dwelling older adults. Results: Intention-to-treat data were analysed using regression, controlling for various demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Ninety-three individuals (intervention, n 50; control, n 43) completed assessments at all three time points. Egg intakes increased by end of intervention in both groups (mean: 4–5 eggs/month). After a further 12 weeks, higher egg intakes were sustained in the intervention group, while egg intakes in the control group returned to baseline levels (between-group difference: β = −0·124, P = 0·047). No differences were found in other measures (largest β = −0·106, P = 0·12). Conclusions: The provision of high-protein egg-based recipes and single-use herb/spice packets over 12 weeks increased egg intakes up to 12 weeks after end of intervention. Other factors may explain increased egg intakes during the intervention, but the sustained effects most plausibly result directly from recipe provision. Limited effects in other measures suggest that the recipes may have replaced as opposed to added to existing protein intakes.

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