scholarly journals A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of consuming Growing Up Milk “Lite” on body composition in children aged 12–23 mo

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare R Wall ◽  
Rebecca J Hill ◽  
Amy L Lovell ◽  
Misa Matsuyama ◽  
Tania Milne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Percentage Body Fat

ABSTRACT Background Growing Up Milk (GUM) was developed to assist young children in meeting their nutritional requirements during the second year of life. However, there is limited evidence that GUM improves nutritional status and growth in young children. Objectives To evaluate the effect of consuming Growing Up Milk “Lite” (GUMLi) (reduced protein with synbiotics and micronutrients added) compared with standard cow milk as part of a whole diet for 1 y on body composition at 2 y of age. Methods GUMLi Trial was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted in Auckland and Brisbane. Healthy 1-y-olds were recruited and randomly assigned to receive either GUMLi or standard cow milk for 12 mo as part of a whole diet. The primary outcome was percentage body fat at 2 y of age measured by bioelectrical impedance. All regression models adjusted for baseline outcome and study center. Results 160 children (80 per arm) were randomly assigned, and 134 (67 per arm) were included in the modified intention-to-treat analyses. The mean percentage body fat at 12 mo was 23.3% (SD 7.9) in the GUMLi group and 25.7% (SD 7.2) in the cow milk group. After adjusting for baseline outcome and study location, the estimated mean difference in percentage body fat between the intervention and control at 12 mo was −2.19% (95% CI: −4.24, −0.15; P = 0.036). Per-protocol analysis showed a similar effect (mean difference: −2.09%; 95% CI: −4.16, −0.03; P = 0.047). Both fat mass and the fat mass index were significantly lower in the GUMLi group at 12 mo than in the cow milk group. Conclusions At 2 y of age, children who consumed a GUM with a lower protein content than cow milk over 12 mo had a lower percentage of body fat. This trial was registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12614000918628.

scholarly journals Correction: Marhuenda, J., et al. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness a Polyphenolic Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa and Lippia citriodora) in the Reduction of Body Fat Mass in Healthy Subjects. Foods 2020, 9(1), 55

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Javier Marhuenda ◽  
Silvia Perez-Piñero ◽  
Desirée Victoria-Montesinos ◽  
María Salud Abellán-Ruiz ◽  
Nuria Caturla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Lippia Citriodora ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract

The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...]

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Physical Fitness and Body Composition of 5—7 Year-Old Children of Several Kaunas Preschools and Interaction between those Indexes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (73) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrija Čapkauskienė ◽  
Kristina Visagurskienė ◽  
Rima Bakienė ◽  
Irena Vitkienė ◽  
Daiva Vizbaraitė
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
General Physical

Childhood obesity is a key public health issue around the globe in developed and developing countries (Dugan, 2008). The recent worldwide increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity may be due in part to a decrease in children’s physical activity levels (Ball et al., 2001). It is necessary to develop early interventions to improve physical fitness in children and to prevent the increase of childhood obesity (Brunet et al., 2006). So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition and physical fitness of children aged 5—7 years and to estimate the interaction between body composition components and physical fitness tests. Participants: 216 children participated in this study: 104 girls, mean age 5.90 ± 0.63 years and 112 boys — mean age 5.98 ± 0.50 years from Kaunas city (Lithuania) preschools. Methods: all the subjects have been measured for their height, body mass, waist circumference (WC) and skinfolds at 2 different places — triceps and subscapular. Body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat mass (BFM) were evaluated. All the participants did four physical fitness tests including speed shuttle run, 20 meters distance run, standing long jump and throwing 1 kg ball. General physical fitness level was evaluated based on B. Sekita (1988) methods. Results. Results showed that BMI did not significantly differ between boys and girls, and was evaluated as “optimal” for both groups. BFM was significantly higher in girls (p < 0.001), and WC did not differ between genders. But WC had a tendency to increase with age in both boys and girls. Strong relationship was observed between BMI and BFM (r = 0.660, r = 0.660 respectively; p < 0.01), and between BMI and WC (r = 0.703, r = 0.826 respectively; p < 0.01) for both boys and girls. The results of physical tests showed that boys did all the tests better than girls (p < 0.01). When we evaluated the general physical fitness of each child, the results indicated that their physical fitness waslow, evaluated as “good enough” for most boys and girls. General physical fitness of children negatively but slightly correlated with BFM (r = –0.201; p < 0.001), it indicated that higher BFM determined lower evaluation of general physical fitness.Conclusions. Optimal body weight, according to body mass index, percentage body fat mass and waist circumference, was established for the bigger part of children, aged 5—7 years old. This study shows that physical fitness of children was low — evaluated as “good enough” and negatively correlated with body fat mass, showing that high body fat mass negatively impacted physical fitness.Key words: body mass index, percentage body fat mass, waist circumference, physical fitness.

scholarly journals Prospective associations of maternal choline status with offspring body composition in the first 5 years of life in two large mother–offspring cohorts: the Southampton Women’s Survey cohort and the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linde van Lee ◽  
Sarah R Crozier ◽  
Izzuddin M Aris ◽  
Mya T Tint ◽  
Suresh Anand Sadananthan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood

Abstract Background Choline status has been positively associated with weight and fat mass in animal and human studies. As evidence examining maternal circulating choline concentrations and offspring body composition in human infants/children is lacking, we investigated this in two cohorts. Methods Maternal choline concentrations were measured in the UK Southampton Women’s Survey (SWS; serum, n = 985, 11 weeks’ gestation) and Singapore Growing Up Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO); n = 955, 26–28 weeks’ gestation) mother–offspring cohorts. Offspring anthropometry was measured at birth and up to age 5 years. Body fat mass was determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at birth and age 4 years for SWS; and using air-displacement plethysmography at birth and age 5 years for GUSTO. Linear-regression analyses were performed, adjusting for confounders. Results In SWS, higher maternal choline concentrations were associated with higher neonatal total body fat mass {β = 0.60 standard deviation [SD]/5 µmol/L maternal choline [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04–1.16]} and higher subscapular skinfold thickness [β = 0.55 mm/5 µmol/L (95% CI, 0.12–1.00)] at birth. In GUSTO, higher maternal choline concentrations were associated with higher neonatal body mass index-for-age z-score [β = 0.31 SD/5 µmol/L (0.10–0.51)] and higher triceps [β = 0.38 mm/5 µmol/L (95% CI, 0.11–0.65)] and subscapular skinfold thicknesses [β = 0.26 mm/5 µmol/L (95% CI, 0.01–0.50)] at birth. No consistent trends were observed between maternal choline and offspring gain in body mass index, skinfold thicknesses, abdominal circumference, weight, length/height and adiposity measures in later infancy and early childhood. Conclusion Our study provides evidence that maternal circulating choline concentrations during pregnancy are positively associated with offspring BMI, skinfold thicknesses and adiposity at birth, but not with growth and adiposity through infancy and early childhood to the age of 5 years.

Heterozygosity forLepob orLeprdb affects body composition and leptin homeostasis in adult mice

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (4) ◽  
pp. R985-R990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy K. Chung ◽  
Kristen Belfi ◽  
Melvin Chua ◽  
Jennifer Wiley ◽  
Ronald Mackintosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Plasma Leptin

In an effort to understand the genetics of human obesity, we have studied the physiology and molecular genetics of rodent models with monogenetic forms of obesity including the leptin gene-defective ( Lepob / Lepob ) and leptin receptor gene-defective ( Leprdb / Leprdb ) mouse. In the experiments reported here, we investigated the effects of heterozygosity at Lepob and Leprdb on body composition and circulating leptin concentration in +/+, Leprdb /+, and Lepob /+ adult mice to identify possible gene dosage effects of these mutations that might elucidate their physiology. Adult mice heterozygous for the Lepob or Leprdb allele had equivalent fat mass and percentage body fat, which was increased 27–47% and 23–35%, respectively, relative to +/+ littermates. Plasma leptin concentrations adjusted for fat mass were 6.5 ng/ml in the Lepob /+, 9.6 ng/ml in the +/+, and 11.5 ng/ml in the Leprdb /+ mice. Sex had no effect on plasma leptin after controlling for fat mass. These data, and data from a small number of mice heterozygous at both Lepob and Leprdb (compound heterozygotes), suggest that leptin protein produced per mass of body fat is reduced in Lepob /+ mice and that body fat is increased in Lepob /+ mice until plasma leptin concentrations reach that of a normal +/+ mouse. The elevated plasma leptin concentration in the Leprdb /+ mice suggests that LEPR may mediate autocrine suppression of Lep expression. These results raise the possibility that human mutations that have even subtle effects on the leptin/leptin receptor system in either the homozygous or heterozygous state may have significant effects on adiposity.

scholarly journals A Six-Month Randomized Controlled Trial of Whole Soy and Isoflavones Daidzein on Body Composition in Equol-Producing Postmenopausal Women with Prehypertension

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-min Liu ◽  
Suzanne C. Ho ◽  
Yu-ming Chen ◽  
Jean Woo
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Good Compliance

Objectives. This paper reported the effects of commonly used whole soy foods (soy flour) and purified daidzein (one of the major isoflavones and the precursor of equol) on changes in anthropometric measurements and body composition in a 6-month double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial among prehypertensive postmenopausal women who are also equol producers.Methods. 270 eligible women were randomized to either one of the three treatments: 40 g soy flour (whole soy group), 40 g low-fat milk powder + 63 mg daidzein (daidzein group), or 40 g low-fat milk powder (placebo group) daily each for 6 months. Anthropometric indicators and body composition were measured before and after intervention.Results. 253 subjects completed the study with good compliance. Urinary isoflavones levels suggested good compliance of subjects with supplementation. Whole soy and purified daidzein had no significant effect on body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, waist to hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage, fat mass, and free fat mass. Conclusion. Six-month consumption of whole soy and purified daidzein at provided dosage had no improvement on body weight and composition compared with isocaloric milk placebo among prehypertensive equol-producing postmenopausal women. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT01270737.

scholarly journals Once/Day Provision of Essential Amino Acid Enriched Meal Replacement Improves Body Composition and Physical Function in Obese Elderly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melynda Coker ◽  
Kaylee Ladd ◽  
Zeinab Barati ◽  
Carl Murphy ◽  
Terry Bateman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Meal Replacement ◽  
Double Blind

We have previously demonstrated that the acute ingestion of essential amino acids may augment net protein balance in the elderly. Using a double blind, randomized controlled trial, our objective was to compare an experimental meal replacement enriched with essential amino acids (EMR) compared to a commercial meal replacement (Optifast&reg;) provided once/day (q.d.) for four weeks on body composition and physical function in older, obese participants. Twenty-seven individuals (69&plusmn;5 yrs; body mass index of 32&plusmn;4 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to EMR (n=13) or Optifast&reg; (n=15) supplementation. Measurements of body composition, skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), intrahepatic lipid and physical function were completed pre- and post-supplementation. Body mass, fat mass, and visceral fat mass were reduced with EMR but not altered with Optifast&reg;. Thigh muscle CSA increased ( 4.1 &plusmn; 1.9 cm2, P = 0.03) with EMR but not Optifast&reg;. There was a significant increase in the distance covered during the six-minute walk test with EMR ( 21&plusmn;26 m) but no change in Optifast&reg; ( 22&plusmn;54 m). Improvements in body composition and physical function support the efficacious use of EMR-based meal replacements in the obese elderly.

scholarly journals The effect of an orally-dosed Caralluma Fimbriata extract on appetite control and body composition in overweight adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Rao ◽  
David Briskey ◽  
Carla dos Reis ◽  
Alistair R. Mallard
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Overweight Adults

AbstractTo examine the effect of a Caralluma Fimbriata extract (CFE) on biomarkers of satiety and body composition in overweight adults. A double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial to examine the effect of a Caralluma Fimbriata extract (CFE) on biomarkers of satiety and body composition in overweight adults. Eighty-three men and women aged between 20 and 50 years of age completed 16 weeks of daily supplementation with either CFE or placebo. Plasma cardiometabolic (lipid profile, glucose, insulin) and satiety (ghrelin, leptin, neuropeptideY) biomarkers, body composition, diet history and gastrointenstinal function were assessed at baseline, weeks 4, 8, 12 and 16. Subjects in the CFE and placebo groups were well matched and predominatly female 93% and 87.5%, with a mean age of 40.9 ± 6.7 and 39.5 ± 7.5 years and body mass index (BMI) of 30.0 ± 3.1 and 30.2 ± 2.9 kg/m2 respectively. There was a significant difference in plasma leptin concentration change between groups at week 16 (p = 0.04), with the placebo group increasing concentration (2.27 ± 4.80 ng/mL) while the CFE group (0.05 ± 4.69 ng/mL) remained the same. At week 16, the CFE group had significantly reduced their calorie intake from baseline compared to the placebo group (245 cal vs 15.8 cal respectively p < 0.01). The CFE group also had a significant reduction in waist circumference of 2.7 cm compared to an increase of 0.3 cm in the placebo group (p = 0.02). A weight increase from baseline was seen in the placebo group that was not observed in the CFE group (1.33 kg weight gain vs 0.37 kg weight loss respectively; p = 0.03). The placebo group also had a significant increase in fat mass, android fat mass, BMI and leptin compared to the CFE group (p = 0.04, 0.02, < 0.01 respectively). CFE was effective at maintaining bodyweight during a non-calorie controlled diet compared to a placebo. The mechanism responsible for this action is requiring further research and could be due to an increase in satiety receptor sensitivity.

scholarly journals Leptin treatment reduces body fat but does not affect lean body mass or the myostatin-follistatin-activin axis in lean hypoleptinemic women

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (1) ◽  
pp. E99-E104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Brinkoetter ◽  
Faidon Magkos ◽  
Maria Vamvini ◽  
Christos S. Mantzoros
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Double Blind

Animal studies in vivo indicate that leptin treatment in extremely leptin-sensitive ob/ ob mice reduces body weight exclusively by reducing fat mass and that it increases muscle mass by downregulating myostatin expression. Data from human trials are limited. Therefore, we aimed at characterizing the effects of leptin administration on fat mass, lean body mass, and circulating regulators of muscle growth in hypoleptinemic and presumably leptin-sensitive human subjects. In an open-label, single-arm trial, seven lean, strenuously exercising, amenorrheic women with low leptin concentrations (≤5 ng/ml) were given recombinant methionyl human leptin (metreleptin; 0.08 mg·kg−1·day−1) for 10 wk. In a separate randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, seven women were given metreleptin (initial dose: 0.08 mg·kg−1·day−1 for 3 mo, increased thereafter to 0.12 mg·kg−1·day−1 if menstruation did not occur), and six were given placebo for 9 mo. Metreleptin significantly reduced total body fat by an average of 18.6% after 10 wk ( P < 0.001) in the single-arm trial and by 19.5% after 9 mo (placebo subtracted; P for interaction = 0.025, P for metreleptin = 0.004) in the placebo-controlled trial. There were no significant changes in lean body mass ( P ≥ 0.33) or in serum concentrations of myostatin ( P ≥ 0.35), follistatin ( P ≥ 0.30), and activin A ( P ≥ 0.20) whether in the 10-wk trial or the 9-mo trial. We conclude that metreleptin administration in lean hypoleptinemic women reduces fat mass exclusively and does not affect lean body mass or the myostatin-follistatin-activin axis.

scholarly journals A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness a Polyphenolic Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa and Lippia citriodora) in the Reduction of Body Fat Mass in Healthy Subjects

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Marhuenda ◽  
Silvia Perez ◽  
Desirée Victoria-Montesinos ◽  
María Salud Abellán ◽  
Nuria Caturla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Lippia Citriodora ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

The location and quantity of body fat determine the health risks, limiting people with obesity. Recently, polyphenols have attracted the attention of the scientific community because of their potential use for the reduction of obesity. A proprietary formula comprised of a blend of Lippia citriodora and Hibiscus sabdariffa has been recognized for its high content of polyphenols, powerful antioxidant molecules that may prevent weight gain and could be helpful for the treatment of obesity, as proven previously by in vivo models. The aim of the present study is to determine if the supplementation with Lippia citriodora and Hibiscus sabdariffa is useful for the treatment of obesity and/or weight control in subjects without a controlled diet. The intake of the extract for 84 days reduced body weight, the body mass index, and the fat mass measured with both bioimpedance and densitometry. This decrease in fat mass was observed to a greater extent, being significant, in the fat mass of the trunk (chest and torso).

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