Correlation of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey With Psychiatric Screening Tools

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1373-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A Spataro ◽  
Cherian K Kandathil ◽  
Mikhail Saltychev ◽  
Cristen E Olds ◽  
Sam P Most
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Psychiatric Screening

Abstract Background Identifying mental health disorders, including body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), is important prior to rhinoplasty surgery; however, these disorders are underdiagnosed, and screening tools are underutilized in clinical settings. Objectives The authors sought to evaluate the correlation of a rhinoplasty outcomes tool (Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey [SCHNOS]) with psychiatric screening tools. Methods Patients presenting for rhinoplasty consultation were prospectively enrolled and administered mental health instruments to assess depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), and BDD (BDD Questionnaire-Aesthetic Surgery [BDDQ-AS]) as well as the SCHNOS rhinoplasty outcomes scale. Convergent validity of SCHNOS scores with these mental health instruments was assessed as well as calculation of an optimal SCHNOS-C score to screen for BDD. Results A total 76 patients were enrolled in the study. The average SCHNOS-O score (standard deviation) was 46.1 (34.0) and the average SCHNOS-C score was 61.1 (27.0). Five (7%) patients screened positive for depression, and 24 (32%) patients screened positive for mild, 5 (7%) for moderate, and 4 (5%) for severe anxiety. Twenty-four (32%) patients screened positive for BDD by BDDQ-AS scores. SCHNOS-O and SCHNOS-C did not correlate with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 or Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scores; SCHNOS-C did correlate with BDDQ-AS. A score of 73 or greater on SCHNOS-C maximized the sensitivity and specificity of also screening positive for BDD with BDDQ-AS. This score correlated with a sensitivity of 62.5%, specificity of 80.8%, and number needed to diagnose of 2.3, meaning for every 2 patients with a score of ≥73 on SCHNOS-C, 1 will have a positive BDDQ-AS score. Conclusions SCHNOS-C correlates with BDDQ-AS and may help screen rhinoplasty patients at higher risk for BDD. Level of Evidence: 2

scholarly journals Mental Health Impacts for International Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Wang ◽  
Khamlesh Hujjaree ◽  
Fanglan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
International Students ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Patient Health

Abstract The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to the quarantine of many residents in their homes worldwide. Some of these people might develop mental health problems, and many solutions have been put in place to address the mental health issues of patients and health professionals affected by the disease. However, not much attention has been given to international students studying in China. The present study aims to conduct an online survey to investigate the mental health status of international students from Changsha city, China.Materials and Methods: A WeChat-based survey program comprised of questions on demographic information gender, grade year, duration and status of quarantine, duration of sleep, worries about graduation, being able to go to school and presence or absence of a sense of security; as well as questions from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI).Results: The prevalence of depression was 59.4% and the prevalence of anxiety was 37.8%. The STAI-Y1 STATE scores had a mean value (mean) of 41.42, standard deviation (S.D) of 10.89 and STAI-Y2 TRAIT scores had a mean value (mean) of 41.85, standard deviation (S.D) of 11.13. The risk factors of anxiety or depression were Sleep duration, worrying about graduation in varying degrees, School time, and feeling secure in varying degrees. Higher the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score and higher Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score and higher STAI-Y1 STATE scores were associated with higher STAI-Y2 TRAIT scores.Conclusion: The present study implies that the university needs to consider planning for acute and long-term psychological help services for international students.

scholarly journals USO PROBLEMÁTICO Y ADICTIVO DE INTERNET Y RIESGO DE ANSIEDAD Y DEPRESIÓN EN ADOLESCENTES

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
On Line

El presente trabajo estudia la comorbilidad entre los usos problemático y adictivo de internet y los trastornos de ansiedad y depresión explorando la posible relación entre ambos fenómenos y las variables influyentes en la mayor o menor intensidad de dicha relación En el contexto de un programa de Cribado e Intervención Breve Digital dirigido a la prevención del uso problemático de internet (PiensaTIC) un total de 1.239 alumnos de enseñanzas secundarias ( 54% mujeres y 46% varones) de diez centros educativos de la provincia de Málaga cumplimentaron de forma on-line las escalas CIUS (Compulsive Internet Use Scale) para evaluar el uso problemático genérico de internet y el cuestionario YDQ (Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire) para evaluar el uso adictivo especifico de internet referido al uso de redes sociales y videojuegos. Asimismo contestaron las escalas GAD-2 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2) y PHQ-2 (Patient Health Questionnaire-2) diseñadas para realizar un cribado del riesgo de trastorno de ansiedad generalizada y de depresión. El uso compulsivo genérico de internet se asoció significativamente a un mayor riesgo de ansiedad y depresión siendo esta relación más evidente entre las alumnas que entre los alumnos. El uso intensivo de redes sociales (20 h semanales o más) está asociado a un mayor riesgo de ansiedad y depresión especialmente si cumple los criterios marcados por el YDQ como uso adictivo, no encontrándose diferencias de género en esta relación. No se encontró relación entre el uso adictivo de video juegos y el riesgo de ansiedad o depresión. Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de evaluar de forma más exhaustiva la relación entre distintos trastornos psicopatológicos y los usos compulsivos y adictivos de internet como trastornos comórbidos que puedan cumplir los criterios de un trastorno de patología dual.

scholarly journals On Dimensionality, Measurement Invariance, and Suitability of Sum Scores for the PHQ-9 and the GAD-7

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112097686
Author(s):  
Jan Stochl ◽  
Eiko I. Fried ◽  
Jessica Fritz ◽  
Tim J. Croudace ◽  
Debra A. Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Partial Credit Model ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Sum Scores ◽  
Temporal Measurement

In psychiatry, severity of mental health conditions and their change over time are usually measured via sum scores of items on psychometric scales. However, inferences from such scores can be biased if psychometric properties such as unidimensionality and temporal measurement invariance for instruments are not met. Here, we aimed to evaluate these properties for common measures of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire–9) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment–7) in a large clinical sample ( N = 22,362) undergoing psychotherapy. In addition, we tested consistency in dimensionality results across different methods (parallel analysis, factor analysis, explained common variance, the partial credit model, and the Mokken model). Results showed that while both Patient Health Questionnaire–9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment–7 are multidimensional instruments with highly correlated factors, there is justification for sum scores as measures of severity. Temporal measurement invariance across 10 therapy sessions was evaluated. Strict temporal measurement invariance was established in both scales, allowing researchers to compare sum scores as severity measures across time.

Ophthalmologists perceived usefulness of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) for evaluating the mental health of patients with chronic eye diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110446
Author(s):  
Samar Swaillam ◽  
Stefania Fortini ◽  
Anwar Ahmed ◽  
Silvio P Mariotti ◽  
Sami Shahwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Median Score ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Patient Health

Purpose: To evaluate the awareness of ophthalmologists about assessing the mental health of patients and usefulness of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) survey. Methods: This web-based survey was performed in 2020 at an eye hospital in Saudi Arabia. Participants included ophthalmologists and physicians. Participants were queried on the need to assess mental health of patients, usefulness of the screening tool, and barriers to assessment. Their responses were graded on a Likert scale and Rasch analysis was performed. Results: Of the 100 participants, 72 were aware of assessing mental health of eye patients and 82 expressed about limited skills for such assessment. The median score for perceived usefulness of the PHQ-9 as screening tool to suspect depression was −1.0 (inter quartile range, −1.0: 0.0) [Mean Rasch score = −0.735]. The median score of perceived usefulness for the GAD-7 as screening tool to suspect anxiety was −1.0 (inter quartile range, −1.0: 0.0) [Mean Rasch score = −0.695]. The PHQ-9 related score was significantly correlated to “30–39 years” age group (Kruskal Wallis p = 0.04) and non-Saudi professionals (Mann Whitney p = 0.005). The GAD-7 related score was significantly correlated to non-Saudi professionals (Mann Whitney p = 0.04). The mental health related score was significantly and negatively correlated to the “40–59 years” age group (Kruskal Wallis p = 0.04). Conclusions: Although awareness of mental health assessment was high, eyecare professionals felt with inadequate training for performing the screening. PHQ-9 seems to be more acceptable to screen for depression than GAD-7 for screening anxiety.

Measurement invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) across four European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Shevlin ◽  
Sarah Butter ◽  
Orla McBride ◽  
Jamie Murphy ◽  
Jilly Gibson Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

Objective: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) are self-report measures of major depressive disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. The primary aim of this study was to test for differential item functioning (DIF) on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 items based on age, sex (males and females), and country.Method (or Design): Data from nationally representative surveys in UK, Ireland, Spain, and Italy (combined N = 6, 040) were used to fit confirmatory factor analytic and multiple-indictor multiple-causes models.Results: Spain and Italy had higher latent variable means than the UK and Ireland for both anxiety and depression, but there was no evidence for differential items functioning.Conclusions: The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were found to be unidimensional, reliable, and largely free of DIF in data from four large nationally representative samples of the general population in the UK, Ireland, Italy and Spain.

scholarly journals Fear among Syrians: a Proposed Cutoff Score and Validation of the Arabic Fear of COVID-19 Scale- A National Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Mohsen ◽  
Batoul Bakkar ◽  
Salma Khadem alsrouji ◽  
Esraa Abbas ◽  
Alma Najjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Patient Health

Abstract: Background: COVID 19 pandemic has led to psychological health issues one of which is fear. This study validates the Arabic version of the fear of COVID 19 scale and suggests a new cutoff score to measure fear of COVID 19 among the Syrian Population. Methods: A total of 3989 participants filled an online survey consisting of socio-demographic information, the fear of COVID 19 scale, the patient health questionnaire 9-item, and the generalized anxiety disorder 7 item. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to define cutoff scores for the fear of COVID 19 scale in relation to generalized anxiety disorder 7 item and the patient health questionnaire 9 item. Results: The Cronbach alpha value of the Arabic fear of COVID 19 scale was 0.896, revealing good stability and internal consistency. The inter-item correlations were between [0.420 and 0.868] and the corrected item-total correlations were between [0.614 and 0.768]. A cutoff point of 17.5 was deduced from analysis. According to the deduced cutoff point, 2111(52.9%) were classified as cases with extreme fear Conclusion: This cutoff score deduced from this study can be used for screening purposes to identify individuals that may be most vulnerable towards developing extreme fear of COVID 19. Therefore, early preventive and supportive measures can then be delivered.

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