scholarly journals Control method for the stable operation of distributed inverters following the introduction of large-scale renewable energy to a remote island grid

Clean Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
Shoichi Sato ◽  
Yasuhiro Noro
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Systems Simulation ◽  
Different Characteristics

Abstract The introduction of large-scale renewable energy requires a control system that can operate multiple distributed inverters in a stable way. This study proposes an inverter control method that uses information corresponding to the inertia of the synchronous generator to coordinate the operation of battery energy storage systems. Simulation results for a system with multiple inverters applying the control method are presented. Various faults such as line-to-line short circuits and three-phase line-to-ground faults were simulated. Two fault points with different characteristics were compared. The voltage, frequency and active power quickly returned to their steady-state values after the fault was eliminated. From the obtained simulation results, it was verified that our control method can be operated stably against various faults.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of the Investments in Battery Energy Storage Systems: Review and Current Perspectives

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2503
Author(s):  
Paulo Rotella Junior ◽  
Luiz Célio Souza Rocha ◽  
Sandra Naomi Morioka ◽  
Ivan Bolis ◽  
Gianfranco Chicco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy

Sources such as solar and wind energy are intermittent, and this is seen as a barrier to their wide utilization. The increasing grid integration of intermittent renewable energy sources generation significantly changes the scenario of distribution grid operations. Such operational challenges are minimized by the incorporation of the energy storage system, which plays an important role in improving the stability and the reliability of the grid. This study provides the review of the state-of-the-art in the literature on the economic analysis of battery energy storage systems. The paper makes evident the growing interest of batteries as energy storage systems to improve techno-economic viability of renewable energy systems; provides a comprehensive overview of key methodological possibilities for researchers interested in economic analysis of battery energy storage systems; indicates the need to use adequate economic indicators for investment decisions; and identifies key research topics of the analyzed literature: (i) photovoltaic systems with battery energy storage systems for residential areas, (ii) comparison between energy storage technologies, (iii) power quality improvement. The last key contribution is the proposed research agenda.

scholarly journals Application of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Primary Frequency Control in Power Systems with High Renewable Energy Penetration

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Md Ruhul Amin ◽  
Michael Negnevitsky ◽  
Evan Franklin ◽  
Kazi Saiful Alam ◽  
Seyed Behzad Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Control

In power systems, high renewable energy penetration generally results in conventional synchronous generators being displaced. Hence, the power system inertia reduces, thus causing a larger frequency deviation when an imbalance between load and generation occurs, and thus potential system instability. The problem associated with this increase in the system’s dynamic response can be addressed by various means, for example, flywheels, supercapacitors, and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). This paper investigates the application of BESSs for primary frequency control in power systems with very high penetration of renewable energy, and consequently, low levels of synchronous generation. By re-creating a major Australian power system separation event and then subsequently simulating the event under low inertia conditions but with BESSs providing frequency support, it has been demonstrated that a droop-controlled BESS can greatly improve frequency response, producing both faster reaction and smaller frequency deviation. Furthermore, it is shown via detailed investigation how factors such as available battery capacity and droop coefficient impact the system frequency response characteristics, providing guidance on how best to mitigate the impact of future synchronous generator retirements. It is intended that this analysis could be beneficial in determining the optimal BESS capacity and droop value to manage the potential frequency stability risks for a future power system with high renewable energy penetrations.

scholarly journals The Flexible Operation of Coal Power and Its Renewable Integration Potential in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunning Na ◽  
Huan Pan ◽  
Yuhong Zhu ◽  
Jiahai Yuan ◽  
Lixia Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Integration ◽  
Flexible Resources ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Coal Power ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Flexible Operation

At present time, China’s power systems face significant challenges in integrating large-scale renewable energy and reducing the curtailed renewable energy. In order to avoid the curtailment of renewable energy, the power systems need significant flexibility requirements in China. In regions where coal is still heavily relied upon for generating electricity, the flexible operations of coal power units will be the most feasible option to face these challenges. The study first focused on the reasons why the flexible operation of existing coal power units would potentially promote the integration of renewable energy in China and then reviewed the impacts on the performance levels of the units. A simple flexibility operation model was constructed to estimate the integration potential with the existing coal power units under several different scenarios. This study’s simulation results revealed that the existing retrofitted coal power units could provide flexibility in the promotion of the integration of renewable energy in a certain extent. However, the integration potential increment of 20% of the rated power for the coal power units was found to be lower than that of 30% of the rated power. Therefore, by considering the performance impacts of the coal power units with low performances in load operations, it was considered to not be economical for those units to operate at lower than 30% of the rated power. It was believed that once the capacity share of the renewable energy had achieved a continuously growing trend, the existing coal power units would fail to meet the flexibility requirements. Therefore, it was recommended in this study that other flexible resources should be deployed in the power systems for the purpose of reducing the curtailment of renewable energy. Furthermore, based on this study’s obtained evidence, in order to realize a power system with high proportions of renewable energy, China should strive to establish a power system with adequate flexible resources in the future.

scholarly journals Adaptive-MPPT-Based Control of Improved Photovoltaic Virtual Synchronous Generators

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangwu Yan ◽  
Jiajia Li ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Shuaishuai Zhao ◽  
Tie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Pv Grid

The lack of inertia and damping mechanism of photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected systems controlled by maximum power point tracking (MPPT) poses a challenge for the safety and stability of the grid. Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology has attracted wide attention, since it can make PV grid-connected inverter present the external characteristics of a synchronous generator (SG). Nevertheless, traditional PV-VSG is generally equipped with an energy storage device, which leads to many problems, such as increased costs, space occupation, and post-maintenance. Thus, this paper proposes a two-stage improved PV-VSG control method based on an adaptive-MPPT algorithm. When PV power is adequate, the adaptive-MPPT allows the PV to change the operating point within a stable operation area to actualize system supply-demand, matching in accordance to the load or dispatching power demand; when PV power is insufficient, PV achieves traditional MPPT control to reduce power shortage; simultaneously, improved VSG control prevents the DC bus voltage from falling continuously to ensure its stability. The proposed control approach enables the two-stage PV-VSG to supply power to loads or connect to the grid without adding additional energy storage devices, the effectiveness of which in off-grid and grid-connected modes is demonstrated by typical simulation conditions.

scholarly journals Fuzzy control in H-Bridge MLI for solar photovoltaic system to enhance load sharing

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yuvaraja ◽  
KA Ramesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic System ◽  
Battery Energy

The electric power system is undergoing important changes and updates nowadays, particularly on a generation and transmission level. Initially, the move towards a distributed generation in distinction to the present centralized one implies a major assimilation of energy from undeleted supply and electricity storage systems. Advanced power physics interfacing systems are expected to play a key role within the development of such modern governable and economical large-scale grids and associated infrastructures. Throughout the last era, a worldwide analysis and development interest has been impressed within the field of segmental structure conversion; thanks to the well-known offered blessings over typical solutions within the medium and high voltage and power range. Within the context of battery energy storage systems, the segmental structure conversion device family exhibits a further attraction, i.e., the aptitude of embedding such storage parts in an exceedingly split manner, given the existence of many submodules operative at considerably lower voltages. This study deals with many technical challenges related to segmental structure converters and their development with battery energy storage parts to boost load sharing system.

scholarly journals Design of Combined Stationary and Mobile Battery Energy Storage Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Hayajneh ◽  
Xuewei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy

To minimize the curtailment of renewable generation and incentivize grid-scale energy storage deployment, a concept of combining stationary and mobile applications of battery energy storage systems built within renewable energy farms is proposed. A simulation-based optimization model is developed to obtain the optimal design parameters such as battery capacity and power ratings by solving a multi-objective optimization problem that aims to maximize the economic profitability, the energy provided for transportation electrification, the demand peak shaving, and the renewable energy utilized. Two applications considered for the stationary energy storage systems are the end-consumer arbitrage and frequency regulation, while the mobile application envisions a scenario of a grid-independent battery-powered electric vehicle charging station network. The charging stations receive supplies from the energy storage system that absorbs renewable energy, contributing to a sustained DC demand that helps with revenues. Representative results are presented for two operation modes and different sets of weights assigned to the objectives. Substantial improvement in the profitability of combined applications over single stationary applications is shown. Pareto frontier of a reduced dimensional problem is obtained to show the trade-off between design objectives. This work could pave the road for future implementations of the new form of energy storage systems.<br>

scholarly journals Decentralized Frequency Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems Distributed in Isolated Microgrid

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Watcharakorn Pinthurat ◽  
Branislav Hredzak
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Control System ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy

The penetration and integration of renewable energy sources into modern power systems has been increasing over recent years. This can lead to frequency excursion and low inertia due to renewable energy sources’ intermittency and absence of rotational synchronous machines. Battery energy storage systems can play a crucial role in providing the frequency compensation because of their high ramp rate and fast response. In this paper, a decentralized frequency control system composed of three parts is proposed. The first part provides adaptive frequency droop control with its droop coefficient a function of the real-time state of charge of battery. The second part provides a fully decentralized frequency restoration. In the third part, a virtual inertia emulation improves the microgrid resilience. The presented results demonstrate that the proposed control system improves the microgrid resilience and mitigates the frequency deviation when compared with conventional ω -P droop control and existing control systems. The proposed control system is verified on Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), with accurate microgrid model, nonlinear battery models and detailed switching models of power electronic converters.

scholarly journals Sizing and Allocation of Battery Energy Storage Systems in Åland Islands for Large-Scale Integration of Renewables and Electric Ferry Charging Stations

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdesh Kumar ◽  
Chethan Parthasarathy ◽  
Mikko Västi ◽  
Hannu Laaksonen ◽  
Miadreza Shafie-Khah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Charging Stations

The stringent emission rules set by international maritime organisation and European Directives force ships and harbours to constrain their environmental pollution within certain targets and enable them to employ renewable energy sources. To this end, harbour grids are shifting towards renewable energy sources to cope with the growing demand for an onshore power supply and battery-charging stations for modern ships. However, it is necessary to accurately size and locate battery energy storage systems for any operational harbour grid to compensate the fluctuating power supply from renewable energy sources as well as meet the predicted maximum load demand without expanding the power capacities of transmission lines. In this paper, the equivalent circuit battery model of nickel–cobalt–manganese-oxide chemistry has been utilised for the sizing of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system, considering all the parameters affecting its performance. A battery cell model has been developed in the Matlab/Simulink platform, and subsequently an algorithm has been developed for the design of an appropriate size of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems. The developed algorithm has been applied by considering real data of a harbour grid in the Åland Islands, and the simulation results validate that the sizes and locations of battery energy storage systems are accurate enough for the harbour grid in the Åland Islands to meet the predicted maximum load demand of multiple new electric ferry charging stations for the years 2022 and 2030. Moreover, integrating battery energy storage systems with renewables helps to increase the reliability and defer capital cost investments of upgrading the ratings of transmission lines and other electrical equipment in the Åland Islands grid.

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