scholarly journals Human Glandular Kallikrein in Breast Milk, Amniotic Fluid, and Breast Cyst Fluid

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1774-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Magklara ◽  
Andreas Scorilas ◽  
Carlos López-Otín ◽  
Francisco Vizoso ◽  
Alvaro Ruibal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Cystic Disease ◽  
Breast Cyst Fluid ◽  
Breast Cyst ◽  
Glandular Kallikrein ◽  
Female Breast

Abstract Background: Human glandular kallikrein (hK2) belongs to the serine protease family of enzymes and has high sequence homology with prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The physiological role of hK2 has not as yet been determined, but there is evidence that it can regulate the proteolytic activity of PSA through processing and activating pro-PSA, an inactive precursor. Thus, it is conceivable that these two secreted proteins may coexist in biological fluids. Currently, hK2 is considered an androgen-regulated and prostate-specific protein. Recently, it has been demonstrated that hK2 is expressed in the breast cancer cell line T-47D after stimulation by steroid hormones, and we reported that hK2 can be detected in a subset of breast tumor extracts. These data suggest that hK2 may be expressed in tissues other than the prostate, such as those in which PSA has already been detected. Because hK2 is a secreted protein, it may be present in various biological fluids. Methods: We analyzed milk samples from lactating women, amniotic fluid from pregnant women, and breast cyst fluid from patients with gross breast cystic disease, using a highly sensitive and specific immunoassay for hK2. Results: hK2 was present in all three biological fluids. We suggest that the female breast may produce hK2 and provide evidence that hK2 may have value as an additional marker for the discrimination between type I and type II breast cysts. Conclusions: The female breast produces hK2 in addition to PSA. More studies are necessary to establish the role of this kallikrein in nondiseased breast, gross breast cystic disease, and breast cancer.

Hormonal characterization and classification of breast cyst fluid in gross cystic mastopathy

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Számel ◽  
B Budai ◽  
K Daubner ◽  
J Kralovánszky ◽  
Sz Ottó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Type I ◽  
Breast Cyst Fluid ◽  
Breast Cyst ◽  
Apocrine Metaplasia ◽  
Endocrine Parameters

ABSTRACT Gross cystic disease (GCD) of the breast may be associated with a higher risk for the development of breast cancer. High levels of sex steroids, steroid hormone precursors, prolactin and cations have been found in breast cyst fluid (BCF) by several investigators. Accordingly, endocrine parameters and the cationic composition of BCF may be considered as useful characteristics to follow patients bearing macrocysts. In this study we have investigated the concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and DHA-3-sulfate (DHA-S), prolactin, potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) in BCF aspirated from 99 women. The mean age of the patients was 49.8 years (range 32-58). The hormone levels were measured by RIA methods; K+ and Na+ were determined by flame photometry. Estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, DHA, DHA-S, prolactin and K+ showed significant accumulation in the BCF compared with their respective serum values. The K+/Na+ ratio proved to be useful in dividing cysts into type I (≥1), type II (<1 but ≥0.1) and type III (<0.1) subgroups. For type I BCF, higher DHA, DHA-S and prolactin concentrations were detected. Linear regression analysis established a highly significant (P<0.001) correlation between the concentrations of E2 and DHA-S (r=0.686), and also between testosterone and DHA-S (r=0.711). These findings indicate that type I BCF might be a marker for 'active' GCD of the breast, and suggest that it may be associated with an increased breast cancer risk, since this group of patients is supposed to have cysts with apocrine metaplasia. It is suggested therefore that when BCF is aspirated, sex steroids, steroid precursors and cations should be routinely measured, and women with type I cysts should be regularly examined.

Breast cyst fluid concentrations of beta-endorphin, steroids and gonadotrophins in premenopausal women with gross cystic disease

Maturitas ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Schurz ◽  
H.J. Schön ◽  
R. Wenzl ◽  
E. Kubista ◽  
J. Spona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Cystic Disease ◽  
Breast Cyst Fluid ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Breast Cyst

Growth factor profiles in breast cyst fluid identify women with increased breast cancer risk

1994 ◽  
Vol 167 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice C. Hess ◽  
Monireh Sedghinasab ◽  
Roger E. Moe ◽  
Lesly A. Pearce ◽  
David Tapper
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Breast Cyst Fluid ◽  
Breast Cyst

Correlation between Levels of Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulphate and Prolactin in Human Breast Cyst Fluid

1982 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Angeli ◽  
Giuseppe Boccuzzi ◽  
Fulvio Agrimonti ◽  
Enrico Brignardello ◽  
Edy Barbadoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Cystic Disease ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Breast Cyst Fluid ◽  
Breast Cyst

Concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS), cortisol (F), aldosterone (A) and prolactin (PRL) were measured in 70 samples of breast cyst fluid (BCF) obtained by needle aspiration from patients having gross cystic disease of the breast. DHAS concentrations in our series of BCF were scattered over a broad range, up to values 200-fold higher than in plasma, with ample interindividual variability; Cortisol was present in BCF in very small amounts. Aldosterone and PRL values were in the same order of plasma levels; moreover, a significant correlation was found between DHAS and PRL concentrations in BCF.

Enterolactone in Breast Cyst Fluid: Correlation with EGF and Breast Cancer Risk

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Boccardo ◽  
Gian Luigi Lunardi ◽  
Anna Rita Petti ◽  
Alessandra Rubagotti
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Breast Cyst Fluid ◽  
Breast Cyst

INTERLEUKIN-1 AND INTERLEUKIN-6 IN BREAST CYST FLUID: THEIR ROLE IN REGULATING AROMATASE ACTIVITY IN BREAST CANCER CELLS

1992 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. R5-R8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Reed ◽  
N.G. Coldham ◽  
S.R. Patel ◽  
M.W. Ghilchik ◽  
V.H.T. James
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Breast Cyst Fluid ◽  
Breast Cyst ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Gross cystic breast disease is a common benign disease which may be associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. Breast cyst fluid (BCF) contains many steroids, peptide growth factors and proteins. We have now identified interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 in BCF by specific radioimmunoassays. Concentrations of IL-1 were similar in BCF with low or high Na+/K+ ratios (ratio <3 vs >3; 357 ± 72 pg/ml vs 308 ± 126 pg/ml). In contrast, IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.01) in BCF with a Na+/K+ ratio >3 (2.75 ± 2.34 ng/ml) compared with BCF with a low electrolyte ratio (0.21 ± 0.09 ng/ ml). BCF (10%, v/v) stimulated aromatase activity when added to dexamethasone stimulated breast tumour-derived fibroblasts and there was a significant correlation between the stimulation of aromatase activity and BCF Na+/K+ ratio (r = 0.95, P<0.001). A significant correlation was also found between stimulation of aromatase activity and concentration of IL-6 in BCF (r = 0.80, P<0.01) but not IL-1 concentration (r = −0.39, not significant). Addition of IL-1 or IL-6 (50 ng/ml) to fibroblasts stimulated aromatase activity but was associated with a small (20%) decrease in cell growth. It is concluded that IL-6 may have an important role in regulating aromatase activity in breast cancer cells.

Thyroid hormone levels in human breast cyst fluid

1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Angeli ◽  
Luigi Dogliotti ◽  
Fulvio Agrimonti ◽  
Roberto Faggiuolo ◽  
Rossana Cavallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Cystic Disease ◽  
Breast Cyst Fluid ◽  
Breast Cyst ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Cystic Changes

Abstract. Radioimmunoassayable levels of total and free 3,5,3'-triodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) and prolactin (Prl) were measured in a series of samples of breast cyst fluid (BCF) aspirated from 73 pre-menopausal women with gross cystic disease of the breast and in coincidental blood samples. In BCF free T3 and free T4 were consistently higher than in plasma (P < 0.001) as was also total T3 in the majority of cases (P < 0.05). Total T4, TBG and Prl were much lower than in plasma (P < 0.001). TSH was roughly as in plasma. No correlation was found between plasma and BCF values. The results indicate that thyroid hormones may be accumulated in their effective form in the cyst fluid. A highly significant inverse correlation was found betwen intracystic free T3 and log (Prl). Our data, considered in relation to previous experimental evidence, suggest the possibility that thyroid hormones act at the breast level in concert with Prl. Accumulation of thyroid hormones in BCF could play a role in the development or maintenance of gross cystic disease of the breast or be a mere consequence of the cystic changes.

Levels of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Breast Cyst Fluid

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Troccoli ◽  
S. Battistelli ◽  
F. Marcheggiani ◽  
M. Sessa ◽  
A. Fronduti
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Cyst Fluid ◽  
Cystic Disease ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Breast Cyst Fluid ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Breast Cyst ◽  
Cyst Fluids

The results of dosage of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in 75 breast cyst fluids taken from 61 patients suffering from breast gross cystic disease (BGCD), 13 of which had multiple mono and / or bilateral cysts are discussed. The corresponding sera were also examined. Assays were carried out using the ELISA method. For comparison, HCG levels were also determined in 21 breast cyst fluids using RIA method. In 66.7% of the breast cyst fluids examined the hormone levels were higher than normal serum values. Corresponding sera showed HCG to be within the range of normal levels. In 5 patients the multiple and / or bilateral cysts showed widely differing hormone levels. The importance of these observations is discussed.

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