X-Ray Spectroscopy in the Clinical Laboratory

Abstract A practical procedure is described for the analysis of ultramicro quantities of serum for calcium and potassium using the x-ray spectrometer. The serum is applied and dried in a confined spot on filter paper. The sample is then exposed to the x-ray field. The Kα lines of these elements are isolated and their intensity measured, with a flow proportional counter in a helium atmosphere. Reproducibility is of the order of ±5% (2σ) for these elements, with an approximately one-minute counting time. The results compare favorably with those obtained with the flame photometer for potassium and the Clark-Collip method for calcium. The x-ray method for calcium is more rapid and simpler than methods generally used in the clinical laboratory. The flame photometer is faster at present, but the instrument is readily automated by placing the serum sample in confined spots on tape. In this form it will probably find routine use for the electrolytes and other elements in the near future.

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X-Ray Spectroscopy in the Clinical Laboratory

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/8.1.17 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 17-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Samuel Natelson ◽

Bertrum Sheid

Keyword(s):

Filter Paper ◽

Proportional Counter ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Ray Method ◽

Small Circle ◽

X Ray ◽

The Mean ◽

Inorganic Iodine

Abstract A procedure is described for the determination of protein-bound iodine of human serum with the X-ray spectrometer. The protein-bound iodine is extracted from serum at acid pH with alcohol-ether (3:1) solution. Evaporation of this extract results in the loss of the inorganic iodine. The residue is extracted with ammoniacal methanol, evaporated on filter paper, and exposed to the X-ray field. The Lα radiation is evaluated using the flow proportional counter. An instrument is described for evaporating the ammoniacal methanol in a confined area on the paper. The residue from the alcohol-ether extract may also be digested, with the liberated iodine distilled onto a small circle of filter paper (in a simple apparatus described) and the filter paper exposed to the X-ray field. The procedure requires 2 ml. of serum. Levels obtained by this method are somewhat lower than those obtained by an ashing procedure followed by the ceric-arsenite reaction. The X-ray method is more precise than the conventional procedures. In preliminary studies, the mean normal value found by this method was 4.7 µg./100 ml. of serum, with a range of ± 0.6 (2 σ).

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Phase Transformations in Ti-7w/oMo-3w/oMe Alloy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100052584 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 514-515

Author(s):

S. Fujishiro

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Mechanical Processing ◽

Ray Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Water Quench ◽

Alpha Beta

The mechanical properties of three titanium alloys (Ti-7Mo-3Al, Ti-7Mo- 3Cu and Ti-7Mo-3Ta) were evaluated as function of: 1) Solutionizing in the beta field and aging, 2) Thermal Mechanical Processing in the beta field and aging, 3) Solutionizing in the alpha + beta field and aging. The samples were isothermally aged in the temperature range 300° to 700*C for 4 to 24 hours, followed by a water quench. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray method were used to identify the phase formed. All three alloys solutionized at 1050°C (beta field) transformed to martensitic alpha (alpha prime) upon being water quenched. Despite this heavily strained alpha prime, which is characterized by microtwins the tensile strength of the as-quenched alloys is relatively low and the elongation is as high as 30%.

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Specific Features of Material Recognition by the Multi-Energy X-Ray Method

Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing ◽

10.1134/s1061830919040119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 308-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. P. Osipov ◽

E. Yu. Usachev ◽

S. V. Chakhlov ◽

S. A. Shchetinkin ◽

O. S. Osipov

Keyword(s):

Ray Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Material Recognition

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Application of a pressurized position-sensitive proportional counter to X-ray measurement

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms ◽

10.1016/0168-583x(93)95623-d ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 75 (1-4) ◽

pp. 112-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. Ito ◽

M. Tosaki ◽

N. Maeda ◽

N. Takahashi ◽

R. Katano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proportional Counter ◽

X Ray ◽

Position Sensitive

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A High Resolution, High Efficiency Proportional Counter X-Ray Camera

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science ◽

10.1109/tns.1973.4326926 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 333-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Richard N. St. Onge

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Proportional Counter ◽

High Efficiency ◽

X Ray

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X-Ray Calibration Of The Rosat Position Sensitive Proportional Counter II. The Energy Calibration

10.1117/12.962584 ◽

1989 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

U. G. Briel ◽

W. Burkert ◽

E. Pfeffermann

Keyword(s):

Proportional Counter ◽

Energy Calibration ◽

X Ray ◽

Position Sensitive

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Study on Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Porous Titania Nanotubes

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2016/3532817 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Huang Liu ◽

Yanhua Zhang ◽

Hongtao Yang ◽

Wei Xiao ◽

Lanlan Sun

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽

Cellulose Nanofibers ◽

Titania Nanotubes ◽

Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽

X Ray ◽

Porous Titania

Using the common natural cellulose substance (filter paper) and triblock copolymer (Pluronic P123) micelles as dual templates, porous titania nanotubes with enhanced photocatalytic activity have been successfully synthesized through sol-gel methods. Firstly, P123 micelles were adsorbed onto the surfaces of cellulose nanofibers of filter paper, followed by hydrolysis and condensation of tetrabutyl titanate around these micelles to form titania layer. After calcination to remove the organic templates, hierarchical titania nanotubes with pores in the walls were obtained. The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption/desorption, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As compared with commercial P25 catalyst, the porous titania nanotubes prepared by this method displayed significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity for degrading methyl orange under UV irradiation. Within 10 minutes, the porous titania nanotubes are able to degrade over 70% of the original MO, while the value for the commercial Degussa P25 is only about 33%.

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