Human Bile Proteins

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold J Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Gallbladder Bile ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Human Bile ◽  
Tube Drainage ◽  
T Tube ◽  
Normal Gallbladder

Abstract A study of human bile by immunologic technics designed to identify proteins which are also found in serum shows that both albumin and gamma globulin are consistently present in both normal gallbladder bile and T-tube drainage bile. Also present in most specimens are several proteins of alpha and beta mobility sharing antigenic determinants with serum proteins.

Determination of Free Polyamines in Human Bile by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hallak ◽  
R. Rosenberg ◽  
T. Gilat ◽  
G. J. Sömjen
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gallbladder Bile ◽  
Human Bile ◽  
T Tube ◽  
Free Polyamines ◽  
Polyamine Content ◽  
Model Bile ◽  
Bile Samples

1. Polyamines are widely distributed in the body and may have cholesterol-nucleating activity in model bile and human bile. There are only partial and scant data available on the type of polyamines in human bile. 2. In this study methods for extraction of free polyamines, benzoylation and an h.p.l.c.-based method for the quantitative determination of putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine in bile are described. The h.p.l.c. methodology was validated and compared with separation on t.l.c. after dansylation. 3. The polyamine content of 11 gallbladder bile samples and 11 T-tube bile samples was analysed, all from patients with gallstones. Polyamines were found in three out of 11 gallbladder bile samples and eight out of 11 T-tube bile samples. Putrescine levels were 0.5-287 μmol/l and cadaverine levels were 2.4-645.4 μmol/l; these were considerably higher than spermine and spermidine levels. 4. As many of these gallstones bile samples were devoid of polyamines, it is questionable whether polyamines play an important role in cholesterol nucleation in human bile.

CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS: CLINICAL VALUE OF THE ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERN OF THE SERUM PROTEINS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Rosa Lee Nemir ◽  
Charlotte Marker Zitrin ◽  
Paraskevi Tsouros ◽  
Enriqueta Melly
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Miliary Tuberculosis ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Reciprocal Relation ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
Tuberculous Disease

The blood serum protein fractions of 138 children with tuberculosis were analyzed by paper electrophoresis serially over a period of many months. Many manifestations of tuberculous infection were studied. The group was divided into 11 categories ranging from healed or arrested tuberculous disease to various stages of activity. The serum protein fractions were evaluated in terms of prognosis, type of tuberculous disease, effect of intercurrent infection and age of patient. It was found that the greatest changes occurred in the gamma-globulin and albumin fractions in reciprocal relation. With the exception of tuberculous meningitis, the increase in gamma-globulin usually corresponded to the severity of disease. Albumin was correspondingly decreased, and was low even in tuberculous meningitis. Both fractions approached normal levels as the patients improved. Relatively normal readings were found in patients with tuberculosis observation or arrested tuberculosis. The greatest deviation from normal was seen in patients with miliary tuberculosis and those with pleurisy with effusion. Here, the gamma and alpha2-globulins were very high and the serum albumin was low. The alpha2 fraction was elevated in the children with more severe disease, including tuberculous meningitis; with clinical improvement it returned to normal more rapidly than the gamma. A rise in the beta-globulin fraction suggests caseation. Confirmatory evidence was obtained in patients with endobronchial disease, tuberculous adenitis and from the only necropsy in the series. The significant changes in the various fractions are further described and discussed.

Agammaglobulinemia, by Col. Ogden C. Bruton, MC, USA,Pediatrics, 1952;9:722–728

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 213-215
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Pneumococcal Sepsis

A hitherto unrecognized entity manifested by complete absence of gamma globulin with otherwise normal serum proteins and recurrent pneumococcal sepsis is described in an 8-year-old male. The patient appeared to be normal in other respects and, after extensive study, no structural or functional change could be demonstrated in any body system. He was unable to produce antibody to the pneumococcus with the four antigenic substances used; a positive Schick test persisted despite numerous attempts to reverse it with diphtheria toxoid. No antibody could be demonstrated following administration of typhoid vaccine in the usual manner, and his serum was negative for complement-fixing antibodies of epidemic parotitis after he experienced a typical clinical picture of that disease. Gamma globulin could be demonstrated in his serum after concentrated immune human serum globulin was administered subcutaneously, and its gradual disappearance could be followed by electrophoretic analysis over a period of approximately six weeks. Concurrently, and following administration of human gamma globulin (3.2 gm. gamma globulin) at monthly intervals, he had been free of pneumococcal sepsis for more than a year, whereas he had experienced clinical sepsis at least 19 times in the previous four years. Eight different types of pneumococci had been recovered from blood cultures during 10 different episodes of sepsis. In the Discussion, [the author] concluded that there was a cause-and-effect relationship between the absence of gamma globulin and the repeated infections, based on the child's dramatic improvement after beginning gamma globulin therapy. [The author] proposed two possible causes–congenital or acquired. While [he] felt that the patient's good health for the first 4.5 years of life argued against a congenital cause, the persistence of the defect supported it.

Excessive T-Tube Drainage Following Cholecystectomy

JAMA ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Robert J. Freeark
Keyword(s):  
Tube Drainage ◽  
T Tube

scholarly journals CELLULAR SITES OF FORMATION OF GAMMA GLOBULIN

1957 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Ortega ◽  
R. C. Mellors
Keyword(s):  
Germinal Center ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

The cellular sites of formation of γglobulin in lymphatic tissues of man and in a representative human lymphoid infiltrate have been studied by fluorescent antibody technique. The findings indicate that γ-globulin is formed in the germinal centers of lymphatic nodules and in the cytoplasm of mature and immature plasma cells of two types—those with and those without Russell bodies. The germinal center cells that synthesize γ-globulin have been designated "intrinsic" cells to distinguish them from the medium and large lymphocytes, and the primitive reticular cells that occur elsewhere and do not produce γ-globulin. Unlike the plasma cells, which function as individual units, the intrinsic cells apparently form γ-globulin only when they are arranged in discrete aggregations. The function, the blood supply, and the systematic cellular arrangement of germinal centers justifies the postulate that they are miniature organs of internal secretion of γ-globulin. The release of γ-globulin from its sites of formation appears to be accomplished by holocrine and apocrine secretion. Presumably, these secretory mechanisms are adaptations required for the production of antibody since they have not been described in parenchymal cells that form the other serum proteins. The cells found to form γ-globulin appear to be identical with those previously shown to form specific antibody in response to a variety of antigens in the experimental animal. This evidence indicates that normal γ-globulin, if it exists, originates in the same cells that produce antibody. It is suggested, also, that each of the 3 morphologically distinct categories of cells that synthesize γ-globulin represents a response to a particular form of antigenic stimulation. Nuclear participation in the process of γ-globulin synthesis was not detected by the technique employed.

Surgical Treatment of Intrabiliary Rupture of Hydatid Cysts of Liver: Comparison of Choledochoduodenostomy with T-Tube Drainage

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan Elbir ◽  
Haldun Gundogdu ◽  
Mehmet Caglikulekci ◽  
Cuneyt Kayaalp ◽  
Fuat Atalay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Tube Drainage ◽  
T Tube ◽  
Intrabiliary Rupture

scholarly journals Slip of the T tube within the common bile duct: A little known complication of the T tube drainage

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Radoje Colovic ◽  
Vladimir Radak ◽  
Nikica Grubor ◽  
Slavko Matic
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Tube Drainage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Abdominal Drain ◽  
T Tube ◽  
Tube Position ◽  
Bile Drainage ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

Complications related to the T tube drainage of the common bile duct are not uncommon. Some, like dislocations of the T tube out of the common bile duct, could be very serious, particularly if developed during the first few days after surgery, when the abdominal drain in the subhepatic space had been already removed. Then, an emergency reoperation might be necessary. The slip of the T tube upwards or downwards inside the common bile duct is not so rare. Fortunately, it is less dangerous and can usually be resolved without reoperation. It takes place several days after surgery, followed by the right subcostal pain, occasionally with temperature, rise of the bilirubin and with decrease or complete cessation of the bile drainage through the T tube. The diagnosis can be made only on the basis of T tube cholangiography. The re-establishment of the proper T tube position must be done under X-ray visualization. Seven cases of the T tube slip within the common bile duct, its clinical presentation, diagnosis and method of repositioning were presented. Possible mechanism of complication was described. As far as we know, the complications have not been described by other authors.

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