scholarly journals Heightened condition dependent expression of structural colouration in the faces, but not wings, of male and female flies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E White ◽  
Amy Locke ◽  
Tanya Latty
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Condition Dependence ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Honest Signals ◽  
Mutual Mate Choice ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Structural Colouration

Abstract Structurally coloured sexual signals are a conspicuous and widespread class of ornament used in mate choice, though the extent to which they encode information on the quality of their bearers is not fully resolved. Theory predicts that signalling traits under strong sexual selection as honest indicators should evolve to be more developmentally integrated and exaggerated than nonsexual traits, thereby leading to heightened condition dependence. Here we test this prediction through examination of the sexually dimorphic faces and wings of the cursorial fly Lispe cana. Males and females possess structural UV-white and golden faces, respectively, and males present their faces and wings to females during close-range, ground-based courtship displays, thereby creating the opportunity for mutual inspection. Across a field-collected sample of individuals, we found that the appearance of the faces of both sexes scaled positively with individual condition, though along separate axes. Males in better condition expressed brighter faces as modelled according to conspecific flies, whereas condition scaled with facial saturation in females. We found no such relationships for their wing interference pattern nor abdomens, with the latter included as a nonsexual control. Our results suggest that the structurally coloured faces, but not the iridescent wings, of male and female Lispe cana are reliable guides to individual quality and support the broader potential for structural colours as honest signals. They also highlight the potential for mutual mate choice in this system, while arguing for one of several alternate signalling roles for wing interferences patterns among the myriad taxa which bear them.

scholarly journals Heightened condition dependent expression of structural colouration in the faces, but not wings, of male and female flies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E White ◽  
Amy Locke ◽  
Tanya Latty
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Condition Dependence ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Honest Signals ◽  
Mutual Mate Choice ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Structural Colouration

Structurally coloured sexual signals are a conspicuous and widespread class of ornament used in mate choice, though the extent to which they encode information on the quality of their bearers is not fully resolved. Theory predicts that signalling traits under strong sexual selection as honest indicators should evolve to be more developmentally integrated and exaggerated than nonsexual traits, thereby leading to heightened condition dependence. Here we test this prediction through examination of the sexually dimorphic faces and wings of the cursorial fly Lispe cana. Males and females possess structural UV-white and golden faces, respectively, and males present their faces and wings to females during close-range, ground-based courtship displays, thereby creating the opportunity for mutual inspection. Across a field-collected sample of individuals, we found that the appearance of the faces of both sexes scaled positively with individual condition, though along separate axes. Males in better condition expressed brighter faces as modelled according to conspecific flies, whereas condition scaled with facial saturation in females. We found no such relationships for their wing interference pattern nor abdomens, with the latter included as a nonsexual control. Our results suggest that the structurally coloured faces, but not the iridescent wings, of male and female Lispe cana are reliable guides to individual quality and support the broader potential for structural colours as honest signals. They also highlight the potential for mutual mate choice in this system, while arguing for one of several alternate signalling roles for wing interferences patterns among the myriad taxa which bear them.

4. Sex roles and stereotypes

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
Leigh W. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mating Competition ◽  
Characteristic Behaviour ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Female Roles

‘Sex roles and stereotypes’ examines the notion, implicit in many of the original ideas about sexual selection, that males and females have natural ‘roles’ with characteristic behaviour associated with each sex. It also explores further the reasons behind deviations from the ‘typical’ sex roles in mate choice and in mating competition. Are there ‘standard’ male and female roles in both humans and other animal species? One version of sex roles holds that males are generally dominant and females submissive, stemming from the way that sexual selection favours different behaviours in each sex. This could mean that sexual selection dictates particular behaviours in males and females. But in fact, sexual behaviour is extraordinarily varied in nature.

scholarly journals Coevolution of male and female mate choice can destabilize reproductive isolation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Aubier ◽  
Hanna Kokko ◽  
Mathieu Joron
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Male Mate Choice ◽  
Premating Isolation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mate ◽  
Female Preferences ◽  
Mutual Mate Choice ◽  
Male Mate

Abstract Sexual interactions play an important role in the evolution of reproductive isolation, with important consequences for speciation. Theoretical studies have focused on the evolution of mate preferences in each sex separately. However, mounting empirical evidence suggests that premating isolation often involves mutual mate choice. Here, using a population genetic model, we investigate how female and male mate choice coevolve under a phenotype matching rule and how this affects reproductive isolation. We show that the evolution of female preferences increases the mating success of males with reciprocal preferences, favouring mutual mate choice. However, the evolution of male preferences weakens indirect selection on female preferences and, with weak genetic drift, the coevolution of female and male mate choice leads to periodic episodes of random mating with increased hybridization (deterministic ‘preference cycling’ triggered by stochasticity). Thus, counterintuitively, the process of establishing premating isolation proves rather fragile if both male and female mate choice contribute to assortative mating.

Intersexual differences in chemosensory responses to selected lipids reveal different messages conveyed by femoral secretions of male Iberian rock lizards

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar López ◽  
José Martín
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Tongue Flick ◽  
Secondary Sexual Traits ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sexual Traits ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Femoral Secretions

AbstractThe effects of intrasexual selection (i.e., male-male competition) and intersexual selection (i.e., mate choice) may result on the evolution of different secondary sexual traits. We tested whether chemosensory responses of male and female Iberolacerta cyreni lizards to femoral secretion of conspecific males (a chemical sexual trait used in social behavior) were eliciting by different chemical traits. Tongue-flick essays showed that males and females had similar chemosensory responses to the femoral secretions of males, but males and females differed in the magnitude of their chemosensory responses to the different chemicals found in secretions. Moreover, responses to chemicals related to body size depended on the own body size of the responding male, but did not in females. These results might support that femoral secretions of males convey different messages for male or female I. cyreni lizards.

scholarly journals The status of Asthenopus Curtus (Hagen) (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae) ()

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Berner
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Status ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Study of a series of reared adult male and female mayflies in the genus Asthenopus from the Amazon demonstrated that males had been described by Hagen as A. curtus and females as A. amazonicus. As only a single species is represented by the strongly sexually dimorphic males and females, all should be designated as A. curtus (Hagen) and A. amazonicus (Hagen) is, therefore, a synonym.

scholarly journals Coevolution of male and female mate choice can destabilize reproductive isolation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Aubier ◽  
Hanna Kokko ◽  
Mathieu Joron
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Male Mate Choice ◽  
Premating Isolation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mate ◽  
Female Preferences ◽  
Mutual Mate Choice ◽  
Male Mate

AbstractSexual interactions play an important role in the evolution of reproductive isolation, with important consequences for speciation. Theoretical studies have focused on the evolution of mate preferences in each sex separately. However, mounting empirical evidence suggests that premating isolation often involves mutual mate choice. Here, using a population genetic model, we investigate how female and male mate choice coevolve under a phenotype matching rule and how this affects reproductive isolation. We show that the evolution of female preferences increases the mating success of males with reciprocal preferences, favouring mutual mate choice. However, the evolution of male preferences weakens indirect selection on female preferences and, with weak genetic drift, the coevolution of female and male mate choice leads to periodic episodes of random mating with increased hybridization (deterministic ‘preference cycling’ triggered by stochasticity). Thus, counterintuitively, the process of establishing premating isolation proves rather fragile if both male and female mate choice contribute to assortative mating.

scholarly journals Mutual mate choice and its benefits for both sexes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Reyes-Ramírez ◽  
Iván Antonio Sandoval-García ◽  
Maya Rocha-Ortega ◽  
Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Mutual Mate Choice ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
High Condition ◽  
Individual Condition

Abstract In mating interactions, it is common in nature for both sexes to choose simultaneously. However, this mutual mate choice and its consequences for progeny has received relatively little study; an approach where both male and female condition is manipulated is thus desirable. We compared both sexes’ preferences in Tenebrio molitor beetles when individual condition varied (healthy vs infected with a fungus), and observed the direct benefits of those preferences. We predicted that: (a) females and males in good condition would prefer high quality mates; (b) preferences would be weaker when the choosing individual is in poor condition (and thus less selective given, for example, time and energetic constrains); and, (c) high quality mates would lay a larger number of total eggs and/or viable eggs than low quality mates. We found that both males and females in good condition were not more likely to choose mates that were also in good condition. However, poor-condition animals were more likely to prefer similar quality animals, while high-condition animals did not necessarily prefer mates of similar condition. Choosing sick males or females had a negative impact on egg number and viability. Our results suggest a non-adaptive mate choice in this species. Possibly, a deteriorated condition may drive individuals to invest more in attracting mates, because their chances of surviving the infection are very low. However, we do not discount the possibility that the fungus is manipulating individuals to increase its transmission during mating.

Effect of territory intruders on the perceived quality of territorial males in an endangered pupfish, Cyprinodon bovinus

Behaviour ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-479
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Bloch ◽  
Layla Al-Shaer ◽  
Kimberly Little ◽  
Murray Itzkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Territorial Male ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Stimulus

AbstractSocial eavesdropping can guide mate choice and the assessment of competitor quality. In the endangered Leon Springs pupfish (Cyprinodon bovinus), males establish breeding territories that they defend from conspecifics and heterospecific egg predators. Females enter the breeding area to assess males and spawn in their territories. It was hypothesized that male and femaleC. bovinuseavesdrop on social interactions within male territories to evaluate each territorial male’s ability to exclude intruders and attract potential mates. Using a repeated design, a bottle containing either a femaleC. bovinus, a non-territorial maleC. bovinus, a swarm ofG. nobilis, or water was placed at the centre of a male’s territory. Territorial males received more spawns and females spawned more frequently per visit when a female stimulus was present. These results suggest that females eavesdrop to inform their mating decisions, but this may be limited to the assessment of extra-pair females within territories.

scholarly journals A Study on Effect of Sleep Duration On SpO2 And Pulse Rate in College Students Of Angamaly, Kerala

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Kumar Sai Sailesh ◽  
Padmanabha Padmanabha ◽  
Jobby Abraham ◽  
Jose Angel ◽  
Mukkadan J.K
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

The present study was undertaken with an objective to observe the effect of sleep duration on spo2 and pulse rate in males and females and to create awareness among the general population to improve the quality of life. The present study has been performed at Little Flower Medical Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India. A total of two hundred and twenty two healthy male and female college students, with mean age 18.55 ± 0.94 were participated voluntarily in the medical camp comprising 110 males and 112 females. Two investigators of our study recorded Spo2 and pulse rate by using pulse oximeter from the students at the same time. The participants were grouped into two groups, those who sleep more than seven hours and those who sleep for less than seven hours and their spo2 pulse rate were compared. The analysis of data was done by SPSS 20.0. Independent sample t test is used for data analysis. Spo2 is equal in both the groups. However pulse rate is slightly lower in the students who sleep less than seven hours. However this is not statistically significant (P value 0.372). Our study suggests that Pulse rate is slightly lower in the students whose sleep duration is less. No significant change is observed in spo2 in our study. Hence this study merits to continue with higher sample size.

Gender Differences in Quality of Work Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Shivani Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Quality Of Work Life ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Males And Females

The purpose of this study is to investigate gender differences in the level of the quality of work life between male and female employees in IT industries. The sample comprised of 150 people, out of which 90 were males and 60 were females from IT industries. Quality of work life was measured through a seven-dimensioned quality of work life (QWL) scale developed by Angus S. McDonald. Following data collection, significant differences regarding quality of work life were examined by using t-test. The findings indicated significant difference in the exhibition of most of the facets of quality of work life between the two groups. These insights can be used for the improved level of quality of work life between males and females in IT industries. This paper presents data and provides insights into the level of quality of work life of the employees.

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