Correlation between sarcopenia and atherosclerosis/cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sousa-Coelho ◽  
M Botelho ◽  
C Guerreiro ◽  
S Pais
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Risk Of Falls

Abstract Introduction Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function. Uncontrolled diabetes, obesity, chronic inflammation and lipid abnormalities, cause decreases in muscle strength, which contributes to disease-related morbidity. Objectives The main goal of this study was to correlate the prevalence of sarcopenia with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors, mainly estimated by cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP) and HbA1c levels, in the elderly. Methodology A quantitative observational cross-sectional study was performed in a convenience sample of individuals aged over 60 years old recruited non-randomly. Main study variables were body composition (seca® mBCA515), muscle strength (peak torque, Humac NORM isokinetic dynamometer), risk of falls (TUG test), muscle function (LEFS) and lipids, inflammation and glycaemic profile (cobas b101-Roche®). Results Total cholesterol levels fully correlated with LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, and partially with triglycerides, but not with HDL-cholesterol levels, HbA1c, or BMI. LDL-cholesterol levels did not correlate with muscle mass (free-fat mass (%)), strength, function, or risk of falls. Similarly, HDL-cholesterol levels did not correlate with muscle function or falls risk. Cholesterol ratio, obtained by dividing total cholesterol by HDL-cholesterol levels, was significantly higher in individuals with CRP levels above 3 mg/L. Interestingly, when compared to normal values, individuals with triglycerides above 150 mg/dL showed a statistically significant decrease in muscle strength. Conclusion From the biochemical measured parameters, our data showed that only high triglycerides levels positively correlated with sarcopenia risk, demonstrated by reduced muscle strength. While cholesterol ratio positively correlated with increased inflammation, blood cholesterol levels seem to be independent factors regarding sarcopenia prevalence.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 749-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Pesic ◽  
Slobodan Antic ◽  
Radivoj Kocic ◽  
Danijela Radojkovic ◽  
Sasa Radenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio

Background/Aims. Overt hypothyroidism is disease associated with accelerated arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk is contraversial. As SH is a high prevalence thyroid dysfunction, specially in older women, it is important to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in these patients and that was the aim of this study. Methods. We examined 30 patients with SH and 20 healthy controls. Subclinical hypothireoidism was defined as an elevated thyrotropin (TSH) (> 4.5 mU/L) and normal free thyroxine (FT4) level. In all the participants we determined body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, TSH, FT4, antibodies to thyroid peroxidase, antibodies to thyroglobulin, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglicerides, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio. Results. Mean BMI in patients with SH was significantly higher (p < 0.05), as well as diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.01) compared with the controls. Average levels of total cholesterol (5.40?0.62 vs 5.06?0.19 mmol/l, p < 0.01) and triglycerides (2.16?0.56 vs 1.89?0.24 mmol/l, p < 0.05) were also significantly higher in the group with SH. Individual analysis revealed that the percentage of patients with SH having borderline elevated total cholesterol (63.33%), hypertrigliceridemia (43.33%) and elevated total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (26.67%) were significantly higher than the percentage in the controls. No significant correlation between TSH and lipid parameters was detected. Conclusion. Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with higher BMI, diastolic hypertension, higher total cholesterol and triglicerides levels and higher total cholesterol/HDL cholesterols ratio. This might increase the risk of accelerated arteriosclerosis in patients with SH.

scholarly journals Nutritional status and food consumption in 10–11 year old Dutch boys (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System)

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Van Poppel ◽  
Petra Schneijder ◽  
Michiel R. H. Löwik ◽  
Jaap Schrijver ◽  
Frans J. Kok
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

As part of the Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System, cardiovascular risk factors and food consumption (24 h recall) as well as haematological, Fe and vitamin status (A, B6, C) were assessed in 126 Dutch boys aged 10–11 years (response 71 %). Body mass index (BMI) and the sum of four skinfolds were strongly associated (r0.85,P< 0.01) and 8% of the boys were overweight (BMI > 20.1 kg/m2). Elevated serum total cholesterol levels (> 4.4 mmol/l) were observed in 38 %; total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were strongly associated (r0.88,P< 0.001). Intake of fat was high (38 % of energy) and too much fat was saturated (polyunsaturated: saturated 0.44, guideline: 0.5–1.0), whereas intake of carbohydrate (49% of energy) and dietary fibre was low. About 12% of the boys had insufficient Fe stores (plasma ferritin < 12.0 μg/l) and the mean Fe intake (9.0 mg/d) was below recommended daily allowance (10.0 mg/d). Plasma ferritin was, however, not associated with haematological indices and no frank anaemias were observed. No marginal values were observed for vitamins A, B6and C status. In conclusion, the main nutritional risks in boys aged 10–11 years are cardiovascular risk factors and Fe nutrition.

scholarly journals Femoral Intima-media Thickness, Risk Factors, and Markers of Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Jeremiás ◽  
Katalin Makó ◽  
Anca Bogdan ◽  
Ioana Miu ◽  
Alexandra Șerdean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract Introduction: The burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral vascular pathologies caused by atherosclerosis is constantly increasing. There is continuous research aiming to develop new methods that can evaluate the extent of atherosclerotic disease in different vascular beds, thus estimating global risk. Similar to carotid artery thickness, which is an established marker for increased cardiovascular risk and cerebrovascular disease, femoral intima-media thickness (f-IMT) may have the same role in case of peripheral arterial involvement. The aim of the study was determine whether f-IMT, determined at the level of the superficial femoral artery, is related to traditional risk factors, markers of peripheral vascular atherosclerosis and inflammation. Material and methods: Forty-six patients with known cardiovascular disease were included in the study. Demographical data, cardiovascular history, and risk factors were assessed. We determined metabolic parameters (uric acid, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides), renal function (creatinine and GFR), and inflammation status for all patients. Each patient underwent ultrasound examination of the superficial femoral artery, by which f-IMT was determined for right and left limbs. Ankle-brachial index was also calculated. Data from the low (f-IMT <0.75 mm) and high (f-IMT >0.75 mm) f-IMT groups were compared and correlation coefficients were determined in each groups for f-IMT in relation to the other parameters. Results: Mean age was 71.08 ± 9.78 years. 86.95% of the patients suffered from hyper-tension, 56.62% had coronary heart disease, and 21.73% had a history of stroke. More females had history of hypertension and CAD. The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors were dyslipidemia (68.86%), diabetes (21.73%), and smoking (21.73%). There were significant differences between gender groups for total cholesterol levels (161.36 ± 25.04 mg/dL, 95%CI 150.26–172.47 in males vs. 201.33 ± 52.73 mg/dL, 95%CI 170.07–223.60 in females, p = 0.02), creatinine values (1.04 ± 0.22 mg/dL, 95%CI 0.94–1.14 for males vs. 0.91 ± 0.23 mg/dL, 95%CI 0.81–1.00 for females, p = 0.018), and left f-IMT (0.87 ± 0.18 mm, 95%CI 0.79–0.95 for males vs. 0.75 ± 0.10 mm, 95%CI 0.70–0.79 for females, p = 0.0049). In the group with low f-IMT, a significant, reverse correlation was established between f-IMT, uric acid (r = −0.483, p = 0.042), and right ABI (r = −730, p = 0.0006). In the group with high f-IMT, age (r = 0.408, p = 0.031), fasting glucose (r = 0.407, p = 0.034), total cholesterol (r = 0.429, p = 0.02), HDL-cholesterol (r = −0.56, p = 0.0019), triglycerides (r = 0.45, p = 0.01), hs-CRP (r = 0.45, p = 0.01), and left ABI (r = −0.71, p <0.0001) showed a significant correlation to f-IMT. Conclusions: Increased femoral intima-media thickness is related to age, cardiovascular risk factors, and markers of peripheral arterial disease. Patients with higher f-IMT have a more augmented inflammatory status. Based on these correlations, in patients with cardiovascular disease, f-IMT could become a marker for increased cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases in Overweight Women

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3658
Author(s):  
María-José Castro ◽  
José-María Jiménez ◽  
María López ◽  
María-José Cao ◽  
Manuel Durán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Breast Volume ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio

The assessment of anthropometric variables has been shown to be useful as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in overweight and obese patients. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the relationship between breast volume and body mass index as an indicator of cardiovascular risk in premenopausal women with overweight and mild obesity. A prospective observational study of 93 premenopausal women was performed. Evaluation of anthropometric measures included age, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, breast projection, and ptosis. Cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated using the Framingham cardiovascular risk score, the triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio and the waist-hip ratio. Ninety-three women were included, with a mean 36.4 ± 7.5 years. Mean BMI was 27.3 ± 1.9 kg/m2, waist-to-Hip ratio was 0.8 ± 0.07, and mammary volume was 1045 ± 657.4 cm3. Mean body fat mass was 30.6 + 3.6% and mean visceral fat was 6.6 + 3.2%. The mean triglycerides to HDL ratio was 1.7 ± 0.8 and waist-to-hip ratio was 0.8 ± 0.07. Breast volume related to body mass index can be used as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in premenopausal women who are overweight and mildly obese.

The correlation of apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio and lipoprotein(a) with myocardial infarction

Open Medicine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-429
Author(s):  
Lucia Agoston-Coldea ◽  
Teodora Mocan ◽  
Marc Gatfossé ◽  
Dan Dumitrascu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein A

AbstractRecent evidence shows that apolipoprotein (apo) B, apoB/apoA-I ratio and lipoprotein(a) are better indicators of coronary risk than the conventional lipid profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of apoA-I and B, and lipoprotein(a) with myocardial infarction (MI). We performed a cross-sectional study including 208 patients (100 men and 108 women), with and without previous MI evaluated by coronary angiography. The severity of coronary heart disease was scored on the basis of the number and extent of lesions in the coronary arteries. Lipid levels were measured by the enzymatic method and apolipoprotein levels were measured by the immunoturbidimetric method. The MI group had higher plasmatic levels of lipoprotein(a) (0.37±0.28 vs. 0.29±0.23 g/L, p<0.05), apoB (1.13±0.40 vs. 0.84±0.28 g/L, p<0.05) and of the apoB/apoA-I ratio (0.77±0.37 vs. 0.68±0.20, p<0.05) compared to controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) suggested a good reliability in the diagnose of coronary heart disease for the apoB/apoA-I ratio (0.756, p<0.05), apoB (0.664, p<0.05), lipoprotein(a) (0.652, p<0.05) and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (0.688, p<0.05). Multivariate analysis performed with adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors, showed that the levels of lipoprotein(a), apoB and apoB/apoA-I ratio are significant independent cardiovascular risk factors. Our results indicate that there is an important relationship among high plasma apoB concentration, lipoprotein(a) concentration, the apoB/apoA-I ratio, and MI. We showed that the apoB/apoA-I ratio has a stronger correlation with MI than the total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio. We therefore suggest using apoB/apoA-I ratio and lipoprotein(a) in clinical practice as a markers of MI risk.

scholarly journals Association between triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol ratio and cardiovascular risk factors among elderly persons receiving care under the family health strategy of Viçosa, Minas Gerais

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-243
Author(s):  
Marcos Vidal Martins ◽  
Jacqueline Danesio de Souza ◽  
Karina Oliveira Martinho ◽  
Fernanda Silva Franco ◽  
Adelson Luiz Araújo Tinôco
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Health Strategy

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) ratio and cardiovascular risk factors among the elderly. Method: A cross-sectional epidemiological study with a random sample of elderly persons (n=349) of both genders, who received care under the Family Health Strategy in the municipality of Viçosa, in the state of Minas Gerais, was performed. Cardiovascular risk was calculated by the relationship between the TG and the HDL-c levels, with values greater than 3.5 considered a risk. Social and economic variables, lifestyle, noncommunicable chronic diseases, serum glucose levels, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index were evaluated. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the association between the TG/HDL-c ratio and other variables. Variables associated with the dependent variable with a level of significance lower than 0.20 in univariate regression analysis were included in the final model (stepwise-forward), applying a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The highest TG/HDL-c ratio values were associated with the presence of hypertension, having been or currently be a smoker, having elevated serum glucose and an increased waist circumference. Conclusion: The findings reflect the importance of studies on cardiovascular risk in the elderly, as health professionals should be familiar with the parameters that classify at risk individuals. The TG/HDL-c ratio is a reliable classification method that is easy to apply and correlates closely with adverse health effects.

scholarly journals Abdominal Fat Distribution and Cardiovascular Risk in Men and Women With Different Levels of Glucose Tolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 3340-3347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine H. Scheuer ◽  
Kristine Færch ◽  
Annelotte Philipsen ◽  
Marit E. Jørgensen ◽  
Nanna B. Johansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Context:Regional fat distribution rather than overall obesity has been recognized as important to understanding the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease.Objective:We examined the associations of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with cardiovascular risk factors in a Caucasian population of men and women with normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, or screen-detected diabetes.Design, Setting, and Participants:The study was based on cross-sectional analysis of data from 1412 adults age 45–80 years. VAT and SAT were assessed by ultrasound. The associations of VAT and SAT with blood pressure and lipids were examined by linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, glucose tolerance status (GTS), medication use, and body mass index. Effect modification by GTS and sex was examined, and stratified analyses performed.Results:Independent of SAT and overall obesity, VAT was associated with higher triglyceride and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in both men and women and additionally associated with higher total cholesterol in men. SAT was independently associated with higher total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in both sexes, and SAT was additionally associated with higher triglyceride and lower HDL cholesterol levels in women and with higher blood pressure in participants with diabetes.Conclusion:Both abdominal VAT and SAT are independent of overall obesity associated with cardiovascular risk in a population of men and women at low to high risk of diabetes or with screen-detected diabetes.

scholarly journals Maternal Quercetin Consumption during Pregnancy May Help Regulate Total Cholesterol/HDL-Cholesterol Ratio without Effect on Cholesterol Levels in Male Progeny Consuming High-Fat Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Masakatsu Takashima ◽  
Wataru Tanaka ◽  
Hiroki Matsuyama ◽  
Hayato Tajiri ◽  
Hiroyuki Sakakibara
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Male Progeny ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Quercetin has been shown to have anti-obesity effects, but it is unknown whether these effects can be transmitted from mothers to their progeny. In this study, we investigated whether maternal quercetin consumption during pregnancy has a protective effect on high-fat diet–induced hyper lipid levels and overweight in progeny. Female mice consumed a control diet or a diet containing 1.0% quercetin during breeding. The male progeny were then divided into four groups that were (1) sacrificed at postnatal day 3; (2) born to dams fed the control diet and also fed the control diet (C-C), (3) born to dams fed the control diet and then fed a 30% high-fat diet (C-HF), or (4) born to dams fed the Q-diet and then fed the HF diet (Q-HF). Maternal consumption of quercetin did not affect body weight or blood lipid parameters in either dams or neonates at postnatal day 3. After 13 weeks, the Q-HF group exhibited greater body and liver weights, and higher blood cholesterol levels than the C-HF group. However, the total cholesterol/ high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratios in the Q-HF and C-C groups remained similar. In conclusion, maternal quercetin consumption does not appear to protect the next generation from high-fat diet–induced hyper cholesterol level in the blood and liver, and consequently overweight, but may help regulate the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of a 5-week low-glycaemic index regimen on weight control and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight non-diabetic subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1288-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis de Rougemont ◽  
Sylvie Normand ◽  
Julie-Anne Nazare ◽  
Michael R. Skilton ◽  
Monique Sothier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Hunger Sensation

The glycaemic index (GI) has been developed in order to classify food according to the postprandial glycaemic response. This parameter is of interest, especially for people prone to glucose intolerance; however, the effects of a low-GI (LGI) diet on body weight, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism remain controversial. We studied the effects of either a LGI or high-GI (HGI) diet on weight control and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight, non-diabetic subjects. The study was a randomized 5-week intervention trial. The thirty-eight subjects (BMI 27·3 (sem0·2) kg/m2) followed an intervention diet in which usual starch was replacedad libitumwith either LGI or HGI starch. Mean body weight decrease was significant in the LGI group ( − 1·1 (sEM0·3) kg,P = 0·004) and was significantly greater than in the HGI group ( − 0·3 (sEM0·2) kg,P = 0·04 between groups). Hunger sensation scales showed a trend towards a decrease in hunger sensation before lunch and dinner in the LGI group when compared with the HGI group (P = 0·09). No significant increase in insulin sensitivity was noticed. The LGI diet also decreased total cholesterol by 9·6 % (P < 0·001), LDL-cholesterol by 8·6 % (P = 0·01) and both LDL-:HDL-cholesterol ratio (10·1 %,P = 0·003) and total:HDL-cholesterol ratio (8·5 %,P = 0·001) while no significant changes were observed in the HGI group. Lowering the GI of daily meals with simple dietary recommendations results in increased weight loss and improved lipid profile and is relatively easy to implement with few constraints. These potential benefits of consuming a LGI diet can be useful to develop practical dietetic advice.

scholarly journals Pre- and Post-Treatment Values of HDL Cholesterol and Total: HDL Cholesterol Ratio in Hyperlipoproteinaemic Subjects

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K Sale ◽  
James H Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Mean

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were measured in fasting blood samples from 74 controls and 185 patients with untreated primary hyperlipoproteinaemia. The mean HDL cholesterol levels and the total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol ratios were significantly different between male and female subjects. Only patients with Fredrickson type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia had HDL cholesterol concentrations significantly lower than the controls, but all subjects with hyperlipoproteinaemia had total: HDL cholesterol ratios significantly higher than control values. Subsequent investigations were performed on 31 patients during treatment of the hyperlipoproteinaemia by diet alone or in combination with clofibrate. Responses were variable, but generally improvements in the concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol were accompanied by an unchanged or decreased total: HDL cholesterol ratio, although there was not necessarily an increase in the HDL cholesterol itself.

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