Stress-induced hyperphagia: empirical characterization of stress-overeaters

Background Stressful situations can have an impact on an individual’s eating behavior. People vulnerable to the influence of stress tend to change the quantity and quality of their food intake. Variables such as sex and body mass index (BMI) seem to be related to this stress-eating behavior, but it is rather unclear what factors account to the parameters associated with stress-eating behavior. The aim of this survey was to identify further characteristics of adults in Germany related to stress-overeating, focusing on stress perception, coping, eating motives and comfort foods as well as personality types. Methods This online survey was performed throughout Germany and comprised a 38-item pre-tested questionnaire. Stress-induced overeating was classified based on the Salzburg Stress Eating Scale (SSES). Moreover, validated questionnaires were used to identify additional characteristics of stress eaters. Participants were recruited using a convenience sampling approach, and data were collected between January and April 2021. Results The overall sample consisted of 1222 participants (female 80.8%, aged 31.5±12.8). 42.1% of participants were identified as stress-overeaters. Among the remaining group, 78.9% stated to eat less, 21.1% to eat equally when stressed. Female participants had a higher mean SSES score compared to male participants. The BMI was positively correlated to SSES, r(1220)=0.28, p>0.005. ‘Agreeableness’ (BigFive) was found to be a negative predictor of stress-overeating. The most pronounced difference in eating motives (The Eating Motivation Survey, TEMS) was found for ‘Affect Regulation’ and ‘Weight Control’. Conclusions The results indicate that stress-overeating affects a large proportion of the surveyed population. BMI, personality and eating motives additionally characterize stress-overeaters and may contribute to develop new approaches to address unhealthy stress-related eating patterns.

Weight loss practices and eating behaviours among female physique athletes: Acquiring the optimal body composition for competition

Little is known about weight loss practices and eating behaviours in female physique athletes. This study investigated the weight loss history, practices, and key influences during the pre-competition period in a large cohort of female physique athletes stratified by division and experience level. Eating attitudes and behaviours were assessed to identify whether athletes were at risk of developing an eating disorder. Using a cross-sectional research design, female physique athletes (n = 158) were recruited and completed an anonymous online self-reported survey consisting of two validated questionnaires: Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire and Eating Attitudes Test-26. Irrespective of division or experience, female physique athletes used a combination of weight loss practices during the pre-competition phase. Gradual dieting (94%), food restriction (64%) and excessive exercise (84%), followed by body water manipulation via water loading (73%) were the most commonly used methods. Overall, 37% of female physique athletes were considered at risk of developing an eating disorder. Additionally, 42% of female physique athletes used two pathogenic weight control methods with 34% of Figure novice athletes indicating binge eating once a week or more. The coach (89%) and another athlete (73%) were identified as key influences on athletes’ dieting practices and weight loss. The prevalence of athletes identified with disordered eating symptoms and engaging in pathogenic weight control methods is concerning. In future, female physique athletes should seek advice from registered nutritionists to optimise weight management practices and minimise the risk of developing an eating disorder.

Social Influence on Fad Diet Use: A Systematic Literature Review

Background: A fad diet is a broad term used to describe dieting methods that recommend altering the intake of macronutrients to specific proportions or instruct people to intake or avoid particular foods, often with the goal of rapid weight loss. Previous literature reviews report social influence impacts general diet behaviour, but have yet to examine fad diets, specifically. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize literature related to social influence on an individual's fad diet use and understand the sociocultural factors related to diet use. Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases were searched to identify articles investigating the impact of social on fad diet use. Covidence was used to manage the review process and Garrard's Matrix Method was used to extract data from reviewed articles (n = 13). Results: A majority of reviewed studies examined interpersonal influence (62%) and reported social influence impacting a variety of fad diet behaviours (92%). Interpersonal and media influence were highlighted as motivating factors for adopting unhealthy dieting methods (54%), and studies showed interpersonal support impacted adoption and maintenance of fad diet use (23%). Also, social norms were reported to influence unhealthy weight control behaviours (15%). Discussion: This review revealed social influence is associated with the adoption, adherence, and termination of fad diets. The prevalence of fad diets in society and the lack of research on this topic warrants further examination of factors related to fad diets use and the spread among interpersonal networks.

Trends in Obesity and Metabolic Status in Northern and Southern China Between 2012 and 2020

Background: The trends of obesity-associated metabolic status in Chinese are lacking, especially those from different regions.Objectives: To examine the trends of obesity and metabolic status among Chinese population in 2012–2020.Methods: In a series cross-sectional study, data on 256,782 participants surveyed between 2014 and 2020 in Beijing, northern China, and 697,170 participants surveyed between 2012 and 2020 in Hunan, southern China were analyzed. Anthropometrics, blood pressure measurements, and blood tests were performed according to standard protocols. Trends in obesity and metabolic status were evaluated using the Joinpoint software.Results: Based on age- and sex-standardized values, the mean BMI values in northern and southern participants were 23.94 (95% CI: 23.93, 23.95) and 23.68 (95% CI: 23.67, 23.69) kg/m2, respectively. Between 2014 and 2020, the overall obesity prevalence among northern participants increased from 12.70% (95% CI: 12.17, 13.23%) to 14.33% (95% CI: 13.97, 14.70%) (P = 0.009), mainly derived by the 20–39 and 40–59 age groups. Moreover, the prevalence of metabolically healthy obese significantly increased from 2.07% (95% CI: 1.84, 2.30%) to 4.33% (95% CI: 4.13, 4.53%) in Northerners. Between 2012 and 2020, no significant trend in obesity was found among overall southern participants, but the prevalence of metabolically unhealthy obese significantly increased from 5.36% (95% CI: 5.18, 5.54%) to 7.35% (95% CI: 7.11, 7.58%), mainly derived by the 20–39 and 40–59 age groups.Conclusions: The trends in obesity and metabolic status were different between southern and northern Chinese. A national weight control plan is needed in China, focusing on young and middle-aged population.

Chrononutrition in Cardiometabolic Health

In recent years, a healthy balanced diet together with weight reduction has risen to the forefront of minimizing the impact of cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that metabolic processes present circadian rhythmicity. Moreover, the timing of food consumption exerts a powerful influence on circadian rhythms. In this context, the subject of chrononutrition, described as the alignment of timing of food intake to the rhythms imposed by the circadian clock, has attracted considerable interest for possible beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. Current human studies suggest that chrononutrition-based dietary interventions could reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease by improving weight control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. However, meta-analysis of randomized control trials in this topic present varying and somehow conflicting results. Even the traditional association of breakfast skipping with adverse cardiovascular outcomes is nowadays controversial. Therefore, long-term and fairly consistent studies on the effect of chrononutrition on cardiovascular outcomes are needed. The purpose of this review is to provide concise evidence of the most recent literature involving the effects of chrononutrition and the specific chrononutrition-based dietary interventions, in particular time-restricted eating, on body weight and other cardiovascular disease risk factors.

The Associations Between the Anorexic Readiness Syndrome, Familism, and Body Image Among Physically Active Girls

Introduction:Anorexic Readiness Syndrome (ARS) is a construct of prophylactic importance, useful in the selection of people showing a tendency to use restrictive diets and increased concentration on the body. The aim of the research was to verify the significance of the type of physical activity, body perception and familism for the development of ARS.Material and Method: The research was carried out in the first half of 2021on a sample of 163 girls. It consisted of: (1) physically inactive girls (n = 48), (2) physically active girls in disciplines other than aesthetic (n = 69), (3) girls engaged in aesthetic physical activity (n = 46). The study used: Anorexic Readiness Syndrome Questionnaire (ARS-12), Familism Scale (FS) and Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ).Results: The highest average ARS score was recorded in the group of girls engaged in aesthetic activity. A significant difference in the severity of ARS occurs between people who do not engage in activity and those who practice aesthetic activity. The severity of ARS rises as the difference between real and ideal body weight increases. People active in aesthetic disciplines who obtained a high score on the Respect scale (FS subscale) have a lower ARS score than those physically active in other disciplines who obtained low scores on the Respect scale. The higher the score on the Material success and achievement scale (FS), the greater the ARS intensity in all subgroups. What is much more important in shaping ARS is the perception of your body. The focus on eating and body weight and Clothing and appearance (BIAQ subscales) are relevant to the ARS and moderate the relationship between Material success (FS subscale) and anorexic readiness.Conclusions: People engaging in aesthetic physical activity are more likely to suffer from ARS. The family can certainly prevent a child from developing anorexic readiness by shaping a sense of community and family identity, a clear division of roles, limiting the importance of materialism and competition in raising children. The prevention of ARS and eating disorders should also focus on strengthening the realistic assessment of body parameters and their acceptance, as well as promoting strategies for healthy weight control.

Optimal Max Keto My Honest Reviews In 2022 : Does It Real Real Work ! v1

How Does The Optimal Max Keto Work? Optimal Max Keto is a weight reduction supplement that works by utilizing 100% unadulterated beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) ketones. Concentrates on show that taking BHB ketone salts can bring ketone step up in your circulatory system. Commonly, to drive yourself into a fat-consuming condition of "ketosis" without fasting or practicing is testing enough for everybody; except now there's Optimal Max Keto which guarantees a simpler way! It powers your body to go into a territory of Ketosis without the requirement for fasting or exercise. Optimal Max Keto, very much like numerous other Keto pills, utilizes different sorts of salts like calcium, magnesium, and sodium. These three minerals are fit for raising your ketones levels which powers the body to consume with smoldering heat any fats it has put away for energy as opposed to utilizing carbs. Fixings Found In Optimal Max Keto Optimal Max Keto contains regular parts. Here is a fast once-over of every part in Optimal Max Keto and how it functions. BHB Ketones (800mg): Optimal Max Keto contains three types of beta-hydroxybutyrate ketone salts. These salts incorporate Magnesium Beta Hydroxybutyrate, Calcium Beta Hydroxybutyrate, and Sodium Beta Hydroxybutyrate. Regardless, these salts are otherwise called BHB ketones and are fundamental in bringing the Ketone level up in our blood likewise that fasting and practicing do to your body. A solitary portion of Optimal Max Keto (Ketosis) contains a restrictive mix of these fixings. This is roughly 800 mg BHB ketones that assist you with arriving at your weight reduction objectives. As such, devouring BHB resembles assuming a weight reduction alternate way since you won't have to practice quick or follow any severe dietary arrangement. Optimal Max Keto Negative Effects: There's consistently a chance of unfriendly responses occurring in the main long stretches of utilizing a thing like this. It is really far-fetched that they might happen for anybody, however they could occur in specific circumstances. Since they are conceivable in specific conditions, we'll give you the data on wellbeing and security that you need before submitting a request. As indicated by the headings utilize this Optimal Max Keto equation as it were. Any individual younger than 18 ought not obtain this dietary enhancement. Generally don't utilize some other overabundance weight-control detailing in front of undertaking this one. Quit utilizing it and counsel your doctor quickly assuming you are encountering any genuine medical problems later you start utilizing the enhancement. Many individuals lean toward having a meeting with their primary care physician prior to starting to utilize the item. Optimal Max Keto Cost: Various individuals are working toward weight the executives just as the requirement for great quality items is expanding. When there is an interest for items raises its cost will in all likelihood follow firmly. We don't wish to guarantee an Optimal Max Keto value that isn't genuine, we have choices so you can consider. To verify you are getting the most affordable charge Optimal Max Keto cost, buy now, on the grounds that the cost will likely improve as expression proliferates. Likely the most reliable situation to observe the most existing expense data and realities are on the slimmax.com set up Optimal Max Keto web website. We have made it fundamental with the goal that you can get sufficiently close to. All you want simply click on any of the hyperlinks nitty gritty in this article! Purchase Now Optimal Max Keto Pills Overview We love distinguishing items which work in supporting people get the constitution they wish to have. We can't stand by to let individuals about it know if we run over one that capacities as you would anticipate. This is among the best ones we have distinguished. To buy your provisions, submit a request through Optimal Max Keto set up site. Continuously buy straightforwardly from the maker assuming you are capable! At the point when you are aware of a person who can be looking to place the item into their life ensure they've look at this assessment as well. Use the switches on the right to frontward them the Optimal Max Keto outline right now. Much obliged for checking out and best needs on the prosperity! As indicated by its marking, Optimal Max Keto Reviews is a result of KP Commerce, LLC, an enhancements organization. The item is a weight reduction equation that assists the body with entering the province of Ketosis in a more limited time and with less exertion than eating less junk food. Tragically, there isn't a lot of data about its maker or maker, yet here is the thing that we know: End Optimal Max Keto can be probably the most ideal decision for anybody hoping to get in shape without slimming down or working out. Notwithstanding, the organization suggests faster outcomes by watching what you eat and getting into a basic exercise standard, like strolling. This can assist with the speed and effectiveness of the whole weight reduction process.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents

Background Metabolic diseases have been associated with childhood obesity no longer restricted to adults as previously known. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) have been reported in children with morbid obesity. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has been used as a primary procedure for weight control among children and adolescents with acceptable records of effective weight loss together with evidence of improvement of associated co-morbidities. Results Thirty-two patients were diagnosed with morbid obesity and DM presented to obesity and nutrition clinic and were included in this study. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) was the chosen operation to treat their obesity and associated co-morbidities. Fasting blood sugar and HbA1c were measured before the operation and 1 year after surgery. Twenty-seven patients had significant improvement of their glycemic profile and managed to stop the hypoglycemic medication. Conclusion LSG may play an important role as a metabolic control procedure rather than a bariatric restrictive procedure only.

Metabolomic Signatures for the Effects of Weight Loss Interventions on Severe Obesity in Children and Adolescents

Childhood obesity has increased worldwide, and many clinical and public interventions have attempted to reduce morbidity. We aimed to determine the metabolomic signatures associated with weight control interventions in children with obesity. Forty children from the “Intervention for Children and Adolescent Obesity via Activity and Nutrition (ICAAN)” cohort were selected according to intervention responses. Based on changes in body mass index z-scores, 20 were responders and the remaining non-responders. Their serum metabolites were quantitatively analyzed using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry at baseline and after 6 and 18 months of intervention. After 18 months of intervention, the metabolite cluster changes in the responders and non-responders showed a difference on the heatmap, but significant metabolites were not clear. However, regardless of the responses, 13 and 49 metabolites were significant in the group of children with obesity intervention at 6 months and 18 months post-intervention compared to baseline. In addition, the top five metabolic pathways (D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism; arginine biosynthesis; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; TCA cycle; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis) including several amino acids in the metabolites of obese children after 18 months were significantly changed. Our study showed significantly different metabolomic profiles based on time post obesity-related intervention. Through this study, we can better understand and predict childhood obesity through metabolite analysis and monitoring.