Multi-species relationships in legume roots: From pairwise legume-symbiont interactions to the plant – microbiome - soil continuum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrto Tsiknia ◽  
Daniela Tsikou ◽  
Kalliope K Papadopoulou ◽  
Constantinos Ehaliotis
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Symbiotic Interactions ◽  
Additive Contribution ◽  
Microbial Symbionts ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Mutualistic relationships of legume plants with, either bacteria (like rhizobia) or fungi (like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), have been investigated intensively, usually as bi-partite interactions. However, diverse symbiotic interactions take place simultaneously or sequentially under field conditions. Their collective, but not additive, contribution to plant growth and performance remains hard to predict, and appears to be furthermore affected by crop species and genotype, non-symbiotic microbial interactions and environmental variables. The challenge is: (1) to unravel the complex overlapping mechanisms that operate between the microbial symbionts as well as between them, their hosts and the rhizosphere (2) to understand the dynamics of the respective mechanisms in evolutionary and ecological terms. The target for agriculture, food security and the environment, is to use this insight as a solid basis for developing new integrated technologies, practices and strategies for the efficient use of beneficial microbes in legumes and other plants. We review recent advances in our understanding of the symbiotic interactions in legumes roots brought about with the aid of molecular and bioinformatics tools. We go through single symbiont-host interactions, proceed to tripartite symbiont-host interactions, appraise interactions of symbiotic and associative microbiomes with plants in the root-rhizoplane-soil continuum of habitats and end up by examining attempts to validate community ecology principles in the legume-microbe-soil biosystem.

scholarly journals Genomic Research Favoring Higher Soybean Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 481-490
Author(s):  
Marcela C. Pagano ◽  
Mohammad Miransari ◽  
Eduardo J.A. Corrêa ◽  
Neimar F. Duarte ◽  
Bakhytzhan K. Yelikbayev
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Symbiotic Associations

Interest in the efficient production of soybean, as one of the most important crop plants, is significantly increasing worldwide. Soybean symbioses, the most important biological process affecting soybean yield and protein content, were revitalized due to the need for sustainable agricultural practices. Similar to many crop species, soybean can establish symbiotic associations with the soil bacteria rhizobia, and with the soil fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and other beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms are often applied as biofertilizers. Microbial interactions may importantly affect soybean production and plant health by activating different genomic pathways in soybean. Genomic research is an important tool, which may be used to elucidate and enhance the mechanisms controlling such actions and interactions. This review presents the available details on the genomic research favoring higher soybean production. Accordingly, new technologies applied to plant rhizosphere and symbiotic microbiota, root-plant endophytes, and details about the genetic composition of soybean inoculant strains are highlighted. Such details may be effectively used to enhance soybean growth and yield, under different conditions, including stress, resulting in a more sustainable production.

Earthworms can modify effects of hydrochar on growth of Plantago lanceolata and performance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Pedobiologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Salem ◽  
Josef Kohler ◽  
Susanne Wurst ◽  
Matthias C. Rillig
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Plant Growth and Performance: Importance in Biotic and Abiotic Stressed Regulation

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Diagne ◽  
Mariama Ngom ◽  
Pape Ibrahima Djighaly ◽  
Dioumacor Fall ◽  
Valérie Hocher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ion Selectivity ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
And Performance

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic associations with most terrestrial plants. These soil microorganisms enhance the plant’s nutrient uptake by extending the root absorbing area. In return, the symbiont receives plant carbohydrates for the completion of its life cycle. AMF also helps plants to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, extreme temperature, heavy metal, diseases, and pathogens. For abiotic stresses, the mechanisms of adaptation of AMF to these stresses are generally linked to increased hydromineral nutrition, ion selectivity, gene regulation, production of osmolytes, and the synthesis of phytohormones and antioxidants. Regarding the biotic stresses, AMF are involved in pathogen resistance including competition for colonization sites and improvement of the plant’s defense system. Furthermore, AMF have a positive impact on ecosystems. They improve the quality of soil aggregation, drive the structure of plant and bacteria communities, and enhance ecosystem stability. Thus, a plant colonized by AMF will use more of these adaptation mechanisms compared to a plant without mycorrhizae. In this review, we present the contribution of AMF on plant growth and performance in stressed environments.

scholarly journals The Current Survey of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Benghazi’s Coastal Plain

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Marei Abdelkarim
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis

Rhizospheres of crop plants are complexes of chemical and microbial interactions. Of importance, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial microorgansims associated with roughly eighty-percent of terrestrial land plants. In this mutualistic symbiosis, the fungus receives the photosynthetic product (sugar) fixed from its host by photosynthesis. In return, the host plant gains a plethora of benefits from the fungus such as enhanced nutrient uptakes, protection against both biotic (soil-borne root pathogens, insect attack) and abiotic (drought, heavy metal pollution, and soil salinity) stresses. Taxonomically, AMF belong to a new erected phylum called Glomeromycota. The field study was conducted in a farm owned and supervised by The Great Man-Made Project in February 2019. The present study was performed to determine the presence or the absence of AMF in a field cultivated with wheat crops (Triticum aestivum, L.) during the vegetative stage, and also to investigate soil physiochemical properties effect on AMF colonization. Results showed that colonization of wheat plant roots were significantly low. The result clearly implies that high-input fertilizers viz., phosphorus fertilization, and agricultural practices such as intensive tillage drastically reduced AMF colonization.

Plants and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Cues and Communication in the Early Steps of Symbiotic Interactions

2007 ◽  
pp. 181-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivienne Gianinazzi‐Pearson ◽  
Nathalie Séjalon‐Delmas ◽  
Andrea Genre ◽  
Sylvain Jeandroz ◽  
Paola Bonfante
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Symbiotic Interactions

scholarly journals The Vicia faba Leghemoglobin Gene VfLb29 Is Induced in Root Nodules and in Roots Colonized by the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus fasciculatum

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Frühling ◽  
Hélène Roussel ◽  
Vivienne Gianinazzi-Pearson ◽  
Alfred Pühler ◽  
Andreas M. Perlick
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Glomus Fasciculatum ◽  
Symbiotic Interactions

To investigate similarities between symbiotic interactions of broad bean (Vicia faba) with rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi, plant gene expression induced by both microsymbionts was compared. We demonstrated the exclusive expression of 19 broad bean genes, including VfENOD2, VfENOD5, VfENOD12 and three different leghemoglobin genes, in root nodules. In contrast, the leghemoglobin gene VfLb29 was found to be induced not only in root nodules, but also in broad bean roots colonized by the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatum. In uninfected roots, none of the 20 nodulin transcripts investigated was detectable. VfLb29 has an unusually low sequence homology with all other broad bean leghemoglobins as well as with leghemoglobins from other legumes. It can be regarded as a novel kind of leghemoglobin gene not described until now and the induction of which is common to symbiotic interactions of broad bean with both Rhizobium and a mycorrhizal fungus.

scholarly journals The Medicago truncatula Sucrose Synthase Gene MtSucS1 Is Activated Both in the Infected Region of Root Nodules and in the Cortex of Roots Colonized by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 903-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalija Hohnjec ◽  
Andreas M. Perlick ◽  
Alfred Pühler ◽  
Helge Küster
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Microbial Symbionts

The MtSucS1 gene encodes a sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) in the model legume Medicago truncatula. To determine the expression pattern of this gene in different organs and in particular during root endosymbioses, we transformed M. truncatula with specific regions of MtSucS1 fused to the gusAint reporter gene. These fusions directed an induction to the vasculature of leaves, stems, and roots as well as to flowers, developing seeds, young pods, and germinating seedlings. In root nodules, strong promoter activity occurred in the infected cells of the nitrogen-fixing zone but was additionally observed in the meristematic region, the prefixing zone, and the inner cortex, including the vasculature. Concerning endomycorrhizal roots, the MtSucS1 promoter mediated strongest expression in cortical cells harboring arbuscules. Specifically in highly colonized root sections, GUS-staining was furthermore detected in the surrounding cortical cells, irrespective of a direct contact with fungal structures. In accordance with the presence of an orthologous PsSus1 gene, we observed a comparable regulation of MtSucS1 expression in the grain legume Pisum sativum in response to microbial symbionts. Unlike other members of the MtSucS gene family, the presence of rhizobial or Glomus microsymbionts significantly altered and enhanced MtSucS1 gene expression, leading us to propose that MtSucS1 is involved in generating sink-strength, not only in root nodules but also in mycorrhizal roots.

scholarly journals Impact of land use history on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in arid soils of Argentinean farming fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Emanuel Ontivero ◽  
Samuele Voyron ◽  
Lucía V Risio Allione ◽  
Paolo Bianco ◽  
Valeria Bianciotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Amf Diversity

ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a key soil functional group, with an important potential to increase crop productivity and sustainable agriculture including food security. However, there is clear evidence that land uses, crop rotations and soil features affect the AMF diversity and their community functioning in many agroecosystems. So far, the information related to AMF biodiversity in ecosystems like the Argentinean Puna, an arid high plateau where plants experience high abiotic stresses, is still scarce. In this work, we investigated morphological and molecular AMF diversity in soils of native corn, bean and native potato Andean crops, under a familiar land use, in Chaupi Rodeo (Jujuy, Argentina), without agrochemical supplements but with different histories of crop rotation. Our results showed that AMF morphological diversity was not only high and variable among the three different crop soils but also complemented by Illumina MiSeq data. The multivariate analyses highlighted that total fungal diversity is significantly affected by the preceding crop plants and the rotation histories, more than from the present crop species, while AMF communities are significantly affected by preceding crop only in combination with the effect of nitrogen and calcium soil concentration. This knowledge will give useful information on appropriate familiar farming.

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