scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Carbon and Nitrogen Inputs by Net Precipitation in Atlantic Forest, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Alves Mantovani ◽  
Marcela de Castro Nunes Santos Terra ◽  
Carlos Rogério de Mello ◽  
André Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Vinicius Augusto de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
C And N ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Abstract Understanding both carbon and nitrogen temporal and spatial inputs by rainfall in tropical forests is critical for proper forest conservation and management and might ultimately elucidate how climate change might affect nutrient dynamics in forest ecosystems. This study aimed to quantify the net precipitation contribution to the Atlantic Forest’s total carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N), identifying potential differences between these inputs regarding temporal (seasonal and monthly) and spatial scales. Rainfall samples were collected before and after interacting with the forest canopy from May 2018 to April 2019. The rainfall was enriched after crossing the forest canopy. Significant differences were found for gross rainfall and net precipitation between annual carbon (104.13 kg ha−1 and 193.18 kg ha−1) and nitrogen (16.81 kg ha−1 and 36.95 kg ha−1) inputs, respectively. Moreover, there was seasonal variability in the C and N inputs with 75% occurring in the wet season. Overall, the spatial patterns revealed that the same locations had the highest inputs regardless of the analyzed period. The forest-rainfall interactions provide constant C and N inputs, especially in the wet season, and are fundamental for the maintenance of ecological processes. Study Implications The hydrological and nutrient cycles are tied together. There was significant nutrient enrichment after rainfall interacts with the forest canopy. Rainfall seasonality and canopy deciduousness and heterogeneity drive the temporal and spatial variabilities of carbon and nitrogen. The wet season represented an average of 75% of the total annual carbon and nitrogen contribution, via net precipitation. Such findings enhance our understanding of nutrient deposition, leaching, and absorption processes by canopies and the importance of the tropical forest in the hydrological and nutrient cycle. This knowledge might serve as a guide to improve management practices and justify conservation initiatives.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal patterns in Carbon and Nitrogen inputs by net precipitation in Atlantic Forest, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Alves Mantovani ◽  
Marcela de Castro Nunes Santos Terra ◽  
Carlos Rogério de Mello ◽  
André Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Vinicius Augusto de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Constant Input ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
C And N

Abstract Background Forests are important for governing local and regional water and nutrient dynamics. Thus, studying precipitation-forest interactions is essential to understand the consequences of land-use and climate change for the hydrological and nutrient cycles. This study aimed to quantify the contribution of the net precipitation on Atlantic Forest’s total carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N), identifying potential differences between these chemistry inputs regarding temporal (seasonal and monthly) and spatial scales.Results The rainfall was enriched after crossing the forest canopy. For gross rainfall and net precipitation, respectively, statistical differences were found between annual inputs of carbon (104.13 kg ha− 1 and 193.18 kg ha− 1) and nitrogen (16.81 kg ha− 1 and 36.95 kg ha− 1). Moreover, there was a seasonal variability in the inputs of C and N since 75% occurred in the wet season. November and December concentrated the largest nutrient contribution throughout the year. The spatial variability of C and N was higher in the wet season. Overall, the spatial patterns revealed that the same locations had the highest inputs regardless of the analyzed period.Conclusion Our findings reinforce that forests promote rainfall enrichment with C and N. The forest-rainfall interactions provide constant input of these nutrients, especially in the wet season, being fundamental for maintenance of ecological processes. Despite the nutrient inputs presented some variability, this study provides useful information on the changes of C and N inputs after forest-rainfall interactions. Thus, it can support the estimation of atmospheric deposition and advance the knowledge of the contribution of the leaching and absorption processes by canopies.

scholarly journals Carbon, nitrogen and sulfur (CNS) status and dynamics in Amazon basin upland soils, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Matschullat ◽  
Roberval Monteiro Bezerra de Lima ◽  
Sophie F. von Fromm ◽  
Solveig Pospiech ◽  
Andrea M. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
C And N

Abstract. Given the dimensions of the Amazon basin (7.5 million km2), its internal dynamics, increasing anthropogenic strain on this large biome, and its global role as one of two continental biospheric tipping elements, it appears crucial to have data-based knowledge on carbon and nitrogen concentrations and pools as well as on possible intra-annual dynamics. We quantified carbon (Ct, Corg), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) concentrations in litter (ORG) and mineral soil material (TOP 0–20 cm, BOT 30–50 cm) of upland (terra firme) oxisols across Amazonas state and present a first pool calculation. Data are based on triplicate seasonal sampling at 29 sites (forest and post-forest) within the binational project EcoRespira-Amazon (ERA). Repeated sampling increased data accuracy and allows for interpreting intra-annual (seasonal) and climate-change related dynamics. Extreme conditions between the dry season in 2016 and the subsequent wet season (ENSO-related) show differences more clearly. Median CNS in the Amazon basin TOP soils (Ct 1.9, Corg 1.6, N 0.15, S 0.03 wt-% under forest canopy) as well as Corg / N ratios show concentrations similar to European soils (FOREGS, GEMAS). TOP Ct concentrations ranged from 1.02 to 3.29 wt-% (medianForest 2.17 wt-%; medianPost-Forest 1.75 wt-%), N from 0.088 to 0.233 wt-% (medianForest 0.17 wt-%; medianPost-Forest 0.09 wt-%) and S from 0.012 to 0.051 wt.-% (medianForest 0.03 wt.-%; medianPost-Forest 0.02 wt-%). Corg / N ratios ranged from 6 to 14 (median 10). A first pool calculation (hectare-based) illustrates forest versus post-forest changes. The elements are unevenly distributed in the basin with generally higher CNS values in the central part (Amazonas graben) as compared to the southern part of the basin. Deforestation and drought conditions lead to C and N losses – within 50 years after deforestation, C and N losses average 10 to 15 %. Regional climate change with increased drought will likely speed up carbon and nitrogen losses.

scholarly journals Bidirectional C and N transfer and a potential role for sulfur in an epiphytic diazotrophic mutualism

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3068-3078
Author(s):  
Rhona K. Stuart ◽  
Eric R. A. Pederson ◽  
Philip D. Weyman ◽  
Peter K. Weber ◽  
Ulla Rassmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Imaging Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Diazotrophic Cyanobacteria ◽  
C And N ◽  
Material Exchange ◽  
Nutritional Mutualism

Abstract In nitrogen-limited boreal forests, associations between feathermoss and diazotrophic cyanobacteria control nitrogen inputs and thus carbon cycling, but little is known about the molecular regulators required for initiation and maintenance of these associations. Specifically, a benefit to the cyanobacteria is not known, challenging whether the association is a nutritional mutualism. Targeted mutagenesis of the cyanobacterial alkane sulfonate monooxygenase results in an inability to colonize feathermosses by the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme, suggesting a role for organic sulfur in communication or nutrition. Isotope probing paired with high-resolution imaging mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) demonstrated bidirectional elemental transfer between partners, with carbon and sulfur both being transferred to the cyanobacteria, and nitrogen transferred to the moss. These results support the hypothesis that moss and cyanobacteria enter a mutualistic exosymbiosis with substantial bidirectional material exchange of carbon and nitrogen and potential signaling through sulfur compounds.

scholarly journals Bacteria diversity and microbial biomass in forest, pasture and fallow soils in the southwestern Amazon basin

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Cenciani ◽  
Marcio Rodrigues Lambais ◽  
Carlos Clemente Cerri ◽  
Lucas Carvalho Basílio de Azevedo ◽  
Brigitte Josefine Feigl
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Al Content ◽  
C And N

It is well-known that Amazon tropical forest soils contain high microbial biodiversity. However, anthropogenic actions of slash and burn, mainly for pasture establishment, induce profound changes in the well-balanced biogeochemical cycles. After a few years the grass yield usually declines, the pasture is abandoned and is transformed into a secondary vegetation called "capoeira" or fallow. The aim of this study was to examine how the clearing of Amazon rainforest for pasture affects: (1) the diversity of the Bacteria domain evaluated by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), (2) microbial biomass and some soil chemical properties (pH, moisture, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H + Al, and BS), and (3) the influence of environmental variables on the genetic structure of bacterial community. In the pasture soil, total carbon (C) was between 30 to 42 % higher than in the fallow, and almost 47 % higher than in the forest soil over a year. The same pattern was observed for N. Microbial biomass in the pasture was about 38 and 26 % higher than at fallow and forest sites, respectively, in the rainy season. DGGE profiling revealed a lower number of bands per area in the dry season, but differences in the structure of bacterial communities among sites were better defined than in the wet season. The bacterial DNA fingerprints in the forest were stronger related to Al content and the Cmic:Ctot and Nmic:Ntot ratios. For pasture and fallow sites, the structure of the Bacteria domain was more associated with pH, sum of bases, moisture, total C and N and the microbial biomass. In general microbial biomass in the soils was influenced by total C and N, which were associated with the Bacteria domain, since the bacterial community is a component and active fraction of the microbial biomass. Results show that the genetic composition of bacterial communities in Amazonian soils changed along the sequence forest-pasture-fallow.

scholarly journals Forest defoliator pests alter carbon and nitrogen cycles

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 160361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne l-M-Arnold ◽  
Maren Grüning ◽  
Judy Simon ◽  
Annett-Barbara Reinhardt ◽  
Norbert Lamersdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
C And N

Climate change may foster pest epidemics in forests, and thereby the fluxes of elements that are indicators of ecosystem functioning. We examined compounds of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in insect faeces, leaf litter, throughfall and analysed the soils of deciduous oak forests ( Quercus petraea  L.) that were heavily infested by the leaf herbivores winter moth ( Operophtera brumata  L.) and mottled umber ( Erannis defoliaria  L.). In infested forests, total net canopy-to-soil fluxes of C and N deriving from insect faeces, leaf litter and throughfall were 30- and 18-fold higher compared with uninfested oak forests, with 4333 kg C ha −1 and 319 kg N ha −1 , respectively, during a pest outbreak over 3 years. In infested forests, C and N levels in soil solutions were enhanced and C/N ratios in humus layers were reduced indicating an extended canopy-to-soil element pathway compared with the non-infested forests. In a microcosm incubation experiment, soil treatments with insect faeces showed 16-fold higher fluxes of carbon dioxide and 10-fold higher fluxes of dissolved organic carbon compared with soil treatments without added insect faeces (control). Thus, the deposition of high rates of nitrogen and rapidly decomposable carbon compounds in the course of forest pest epidemics appears to stimulate soil microbial activity (i.e. heterotrophic respiration), and therefore, may represent an important mechanism by which climate change can initiate a carbon cycle feedback.

scholarly journals Distribution and altitudinal patterns of carbon and nitrogen storage in various forest ecosystems in the central Yunnan Plateau, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiang Li ◽  
Qibo Chen ◽  
Zhuang Li ◽  
Bangxiao Peng ◽  
Jianlong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Pinus Yunnanensis ◽  
Yunnan Plateau ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
C And N ◽  
Quercus Semecarpifolia ◽  
Management Policies

AbstractThe carbon (C) pool in forest ecosystems plays a long-term and sustained role in mitigating the impacts of global warming, and the sequestration of C is closely linked to the nitrogen (N) cycle. Accurate estimates C and N storage (SC, SN) of forest can improve our understanding of C and N cycles and help develop sustainable forest management policies in the content of climate change. In this study, the SC and SN of various forest ecosystems dominated respectively by Castanopsis carlesii and Lithocarpus mairei (EB), Pinus yunnanensis (PY), Pinus armandii (PA), Keteleeria evelyniana (KE), and Quercus semecarpifolia (QS) in the central Yunnan Plateau of China, were estimated on the basis of a field inventory to determine the distribution and altitudinal patterns of SC and SN among various forest ecosystems. The results showed that (1) the forest SC ranged from 179.58 ± 20.57 t hm−1 in QS to 365.89 ± 35.03 t hm−1 in EB. Soil, living biomass and litter contributed an average of 64.73%, 31.72% and 2.86% to forest SC, respectively; (2) the forest SN ranged from 4.47 ± 0.94 t ha−1 in PY to 8.91 ± 1.83 t ha−1 in PA. Soil, plants and litter contributed an average of 86.88%, 10.27% and 2.85% to forest SN, respectively; (3) the forest SC and SN decreased apparently with increasing altitude. The result demonstrates that changes in forest types can strongly affect the forest SC and SN. This study provides baseline information for forestland managers regarding forest resource utilization and C management.

Simulation of protozoa-induced mineralization of bacterial carbon and nitrogen

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Rutherford ◽  
N. G. Juma
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Glucose Addition ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
Typic Cryoboroll ◽  
Bacterial C

Modelling in soil ecological research is a means of linking the dynamics of microbial and faunal populations to soil processes. The objectives of this study were (i) to simulate bacterial-protozoan interactions and flows of C and N in clay loam Orthic Black Chernozemic soil under laboratory condtions; and (ii) to quantify the flux of C and N (inputs and outputs) through various pools using the simulation model. The unique features of this model are: (i) it combines the food chain with specific soil C and N pools, and (ii) it simultaneously traces the flows of C, 14C, N and 15N. It was possible to produce a model that fitted the data observed for the soil. The simulated CO2-C evolved during the first 12 d was due mainly to glucose addition (171 μg C g−1 soil) and cycling of C in the soil (160 μg C g−1 soil). During this interval, bacterial C uptake was 5.5-fold greater than the initial bacterial C pool size. In the first 12 d protozoa directly increased total CO2-C evolution by 11% and increased NH4-N mineralization 3-fold, compared to soil containing only bacteria. Mineralization of C and N was rapid when bacterial numbers were increased as a result of glucose addition. Key words: Acanthamoeba sp., modelling, N mineralization-immobilization, organic matter, Pseudomonas sp., Typic Cryoboroll

Repeated freeze–thaw cycles increase extractable, but not total, carbon and nitrogen in a Maine coniferous soil

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 115353
Author(s):  
Kaizad F. Patel ◽  
Corianne Tatariw ◽  
Jean D. MacRae ◽  
Tsutomu Ohno ◽  
Sarah J. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Freeze Thaw
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