scholarly journals THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF A TRIBAL POPULATION, THE YANOMAMA INDIANS. XIV. CLINES AND THEIR INTERPRETATION

Genetics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-121
Author(s):  
R H Ward ◽  
James V Neel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
South American ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Gene Frequencies

ABSTRACT The Yanomama Indians are a South American tribe distributed over an irregular area approximately 200 × 300 miles. The gene frequencies observed at 12 loci in 47 villages within this area have been analyzed for the occurrence of clines. Apparently significant clines are observed for alleles of the Rh, MNSs, Kidd, Gm, Inv and serum albumin system. Available data concerning recent tribal expansion and admixture permit a tentative analysis of the causes of these clines. Although the action of selection cannot be rigorously excluded, it seems unlikely to be the major cause. Admixture with surrounding tribes plays a role which can be quantified because of the fortuitous circumstance of two genetic markers for admixture. It is suggested that an important factor in the origin of these clines is the manner in which the tribe has recently expanded through successive village fissionings and a predominantly centrifugal pattern of village migration.

scholarly journals Widespread Infection with Hemotropic Mycoplasmas in Free-Ranging Dogs and Wild Foxes Across Six Bioclimatic Regions of Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Sophia Di Cataldo ◽  
Aitor Cevidanes ◽  
Claudia Ulloa-Contreras ◽  
Irene Sacristán ◽  
Diego Peñaloza-Madrid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Species Group ◽  
South American ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Sequence Types

Blood samples of 626 rural dogs, 140 Andean foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus), and 83 South American grey foxes (L. griseus) from six bioregions of Chile spanning 3000 km were screened for Mycoplasma DNA by conventional PCR and sequencing. Risk factors of infection were inferred using Generalized Linear Mixed Models and genetic structure by network analyses. Overall, Mycoplasma haemocanis/Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhc/Mhf) and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp) observed prevalence was 23.8% and 12.8% in dogs, 20.1% and 7.2% in Andean foxes, and 26.5% and 8.4% in grey foxes, respectively. Both hemoplasmas were confirmed in all the bioregions, with higher prevalence in those where ticks from the Rhipicephalus sanguineus species group were absent. Candidatus M. haematominutum and a Mycoplasma sp. previously found in South American carnivores were detected in one fox each. Although the most prevalent Mhc/Mhf and CMhp sequence types were shared between dogs and foxes, network analysis revealed genetic structure of Mhc/Mhf between hosts in some regions. Male sex was associated with a higher risk of Mhc/Mhf and CMhp infection in dogs, and adult age with CMhp infection, suggesting that direct transmission is relevant. No risk factor was identified in foxes. Our study provides novel information about canine hemoplasmas with relevance in distribution, transmission routes, and cross-species transmission.

scholarly journals Variation in fine-scale genetic structure and local dispersal patterns between peripheral populations of a South American passerine bird

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 8363-8378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Botero-Delgadillo ◽  
Verónica Quirici ◽  
Yanina Poblete ◽  
Élfego Cuevas ◽  
Sylvia Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
South American ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Local Dispersal

Novel phytoplasma strains of X-disease group unveil genetic markers that distinguish North American and South American geographic lineages within subgroups 16SrIII-J and 16SrIII-U

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pérez-López ◽  
W. Wei ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
R.E. Davis ◽  
M. Luna-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
North American ◽  
South American ◽  
Disease Group

High heterogeneity of Apolipoprotein E gene frequencies in South American Indians

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. De Andrade ◽  
C. E. A. Coimbra Jr ◽  
R. V. Santos ◽  
A. Goicoechea ◽  
F. R. Carnese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
American Indians ◽  
South American ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
South American Indians ◽  
E Gene ◽  
Apolipoprotein E Gene

Population genetics and the conservation and management of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Major Floods

Molecular genetics provides data with temporal and spatial scales unavailable from other disciplines. Patterns of genetic diversity are influenced by adaptive, environmental, and stochastic factors. The rate of change in genetic markers allows investigations of diversity on temporal scales resulting from recent history (hundreds of years) to deep evolutionary time (millions of years). Cryptic spatial population structure is often revealed by molecular markers. Phylogeographic analysis of genes within populations can unite demographics with glaciation, uplift, climatic shifts, or major floods. Historically, the application of genetic markers has been largely limited to analyses of gene frequencies and patterns of diversity. The consequences of genetic rarity are controversial in relationship to endangerment or patterns of extinction. However, it is widely recognized that genes reflect a species' evolutionary past and represent the raw material underlying the diversity of biological expression throughout a species' range. DNA provides the architecture necessary for a species' adaptation and future survival. Conservation of this evolutionary legacy is important considering anthropomorphic manipulation of a species and the environment upon which it depends. In this paper I investigate evolution and genetic variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) based on the current literature. I further discuss conservation and restoration questions using molecular markers.

scholarly journals Spatial genetic structure within populations and management implications of the South American species Acacia aroma (Fabaceae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e0192107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pometti ◽  
Cecilia Bessega ◽  
Ana Cialdella ◽  
Mauricio Ewens ◽  
Beatriz Saidman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Management Implications
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