9. Accounts

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek French ◽  
Stephen W. Mayson ◽  
Christopher L. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Significant Case ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
A Company ◽  
Technical Rules

This chapter discusses the requirements calling for directors of a company to prepare accounts once a year, to be presented to the company’s members and filed at Companies House (unless the company is unlimited). The technical rules on the preparation of financial statements are explained. The role of the Financial Reporting Council as the regulator for accountancy, auditing, and financial reporting is also considered. The chapter outlines the accounting requirements, in which every company must keep reasonably accurate accounting records of all financial transactions, from which the directors must prepare annual accounts for each of the company’s financial years. The requirements for group accounts and the procedures for revising accounts that are found to be erroneous are examined as well. The chapter considers a particularly significant case: Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605.

9. Accounts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek French
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Significant Case ◽  
A Company ◽  
Technical Rules

This chapter discusses the requirements calling for directors of a company to prepare accounts once a year, to be presented to the company’s members and filed at Companies House (unless the company is unlimited). The technical rules on the preparation of financial statements are explained. The role of the Financial Reporting Council as the regulator for accountancy, auditing and financial reporting is also considered. The chapter sets out the requirements for preparation of a strategic report and directors’ report. The requirements for group accounts and the procedures for revising accounts that are found to be erroneous are examined as well. The chapter considers a particularly significant case: Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Management and Recording of Petty Cash at PT Barelang Elektrindo Era Cemerlang in Batam City

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Sara Desenberia Aritonang ◽  
Viola Syukrina E Janrosi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Statements ◽  
Recording System ◽  
Cash Management ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
One Year ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
A Company ◽  
Computerized System

PT Barelang Elektrindo Eracemerlang comes from sales services in the form of services. In operational activities, because it is not a manufacturing company, it does not have fixed expenses, but there are many expenses in nominal amounts that are not large, so that the role of petty cash is very influential in carrying out the activities of a company that is engaged in other events. In addition, the management of the company's financial transactions and operations is still done manually, resulting in various problems in the absence of a computerized system. In this study the authors used two X variables consisting of management (X1), recording (X2) and one Y variable, namely petty cash. The population in this study is the financial statements of PT Barelang Elektrindo Eracemerlang from 2014 to 2018. The sample in this study is financial reports for one year, January to December 2018. The result of research are Petty cash management at PT Barelang Elektrindo Era Cemerlang uses changing the fund system, where there are several established procedures for carrying out operational activities, such as the formation of petty cash funds, expenses, and refilling of petty cash funds. The petty cash management and recording system at PT Barelang Elektrindo Era Cemerlang has not been in accordance with existing accounting principles, seen from cash management that uses 2 (two) methods directly so that petty cash disbursements cannot be controlled or controlled properly.

scholarly journals Penerapan Zahir Accounting Versi 5.1 Dalam Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Pada PT. Citarum Borneo Quantum

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Dian Indah Sari
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individual Entity ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
A Company ◽  
Computerized System

Abstract – Manually accounting processing has more risks than using a computerized system, because accounting requires a confidential database so all existing transactions are related to the finances of a company or individual entity. For example, in the simplest case, which is journal entry, it often occurs double input with the same number or voucher code for different transactions. This has an impact on the normal balance and financial statements that will be made. In order to collect data to fulfill the preparation of this application program, the authors conducted several ways, namely: Observation Method, This method is done by the author is to directly visit the location of the company and collect accounting transaction evidence and observe the process that has been running, so that the author can apply it to Zahir Accounting. Interview, the author conducted interviews with employees of PT. Citarum Borneo Quantum to obtain information on the history of the company, the process of recording accounting transactions from capital, sales, purchases, and financial statements. Library Study Method, carried out by reading books related to accounting transactions and related to the material of Programming Using Zahir Accounting Version 5.1. Based on the results of the discussion it can be concluded as follows: Application of Zahir Accounting Version 5.1 in preparing financial statements will produce computerized financial reports. The company was greatly helped by the application of Zahir Accounting Version 5.1 because it recorded financial transactions and financial reporting quickly, accurately and efficiently.Keywords: Zahir, Accounting, Financial Report

Composition and characteristics of the financial statements elements in accordance with IFRS

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tariq Jassim
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

In a market economy, the role of International Financial Reporting Standards is increasing. In order to understand their significance in modern conditions it seems necessary to consider the peculiarities of evolution of IFRS formation. The article reflects actual issues concerning the role and significance of International Accounting and Reporting Standards in modern conditions. The author has defined the necessity of applying International Accounting and Reporting Standards by Russian companies. The article highlights the main elements and users of financial statements prepared on the basis of IFRS, and analyzes the similarities and differences that exist in the formation of financial statements, based on the requirements of IFRS and RAS. The main qualitative characteristics of financial statements are considered in detail. Based on the results of the research, the author has identified current trends in the transition to international financial reporting standards.

A Cross-Country Empirical Investigation of Corruption and its Relationship to Economic, Cultural, and Monitoring Institutions: An Examination of the Role of Accounting and Financial Statements Quality

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinilka Barros Kimbro
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Information Monitoring ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cross Country

This paper empirically tests a model that links economic, cultural, and information/monitoring variables to corruption in 61 countries. The results offer significant evidence to suggest that higher GNP per capita, moderate economic growth, effective legal and financial accounting systems, collectivist values and low power distance are associated with countries that have low corruption. Countries that have better laws, more effective judiciary, good financial reporting standards, and a higher concentration of accountants are found to be less corrupt.

Why do Restatements Decrease in a Clawback Environment? An Investigation into Financial Reporting Executives' Decision-Making during the Restatement Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 2515-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Pyzoha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Compensation ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Archival Studies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Auditor Quality

ABSTRACT Prior archival studies find that firms that voluntarily adopted clawback policies have experienced a reduction in restatements. I experimentally examine this outcome by investigating the influence of two key factors (i.e., executive compensation structure and auditor quality) on financial reporting executives' (hereafter, “executives”) decision-making regarding a proposed restatement that will lead to a clawback of their incentives. I find that executives (i.e., CFOs, controllers, and treasurers) facing a lower quality auditor are less likely to agree with amending prior financial statements when a higher proportion of their pay is incentive-based. However, this tendency is reduced when executives face a higher quality auditor, indicating that higher quality auditors can act as effective monitors. My results identify an ex post unintended consequence of clawback regulation that could at least partially offset the benefits of the ex ante deterrent effects of clawbacks, and that could contribute to findings of less frequent restatements when clawback policies are in place. I discuss potential implications regarding the role of executives during restatement decisions and auditors' risk assessments in a clawback environment. Data Availability: Data are available from the author upon request.

Fintech in financial reporting and audit for fraud prevention and safeguarding equity investments

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Roszkowska
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Financial Fraud ◽  
Financial Statement Fraud ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Scandals ◽  
External Auditor ◽  
Equity Investments

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the audit-related causes of financial scandals and advice on how emerging technologies can provide solutions thereto. Specifically, this study seeks to look at the facilitators of financial statement fraud and explain specific fintech advancements that contribute to financial information reliability for equity investments. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the case studies of Enron and Arthur Andersen to document the evidence of audit-related issues in historical financial scandals. Then, a comprehensive and interdisciplinary literature review at the intersection of business, accounting and engineering, provides a foundation to propose technology advancements that can solve identified problems in accounting and auditing. Findings The findings show that blockchain, internet of things, smart contracts and artificial intelligence solutions have different functionality and can effectively solve various financial reporting and audit-related problems. Jointly, they have a strong potential to enhance the reliability of the information in financial statements and generally change how companies operate. Practical implications The proposed and explained technology advancements should be of interest to all publicly listed companies and investors, as they can help safeguard equity investments, thus build investors’ trust towards the company. Social implications Aside from implications for capital markets participants, the study findings can materially benefit various stakeholder groups, the broader company environment and the economy. Originality/value This is the first paper that seeks solutions to financial fraud and audit-related financial scandals in technology and not in implementing yet another regulation. Given the recent technology advancements, the study findings provide insights into how the role of an external auditor might evolve in the future.

Materiality Decisions and the Correction of Accounting Errors

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Acito ◽  
Jeffrey J. Burks ◽  
W. Bruce Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strategic Disclosure ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Lease Accounting ◽  
Accounting Errors

ABSTRACT: We test conjectures about the determinants of materiality judgments by examining a financial reporting choice made by firms that discover errors in prior years' financial statements. From late 2004 to mid-2006, more than 250 U.S. firms uncovered and corrected operating lease accounting errors either by formal restatement—required for errors deemed material—or by a less visible current-period “catch-up” adjustment. We test the role of materiality considerations outlined in SAB No. 99 as well as factors outside authoritative guidance in explaining the correction method chosen. Although both quantitative and qualitative materiality considerations cited in the guidance explain a large portion of the variation in firms' error correction decisions, we find that the prior actions of other firms also appear to play a major role. We also find that clerical considerations, but not strategic disclosure concerns, help explain cross-sectional variation in the timing of firms' error correction announcements.

scholarly journals MOTIVASI DAN STRATEGI MANAJEMEN LABA PADA ORGANISASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Ika Neni Kristanti
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Ceo Turnover ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Earning Management ◽  
Political Motivation ◽  
Jones Model ◽  
A Company

Earnings management occurs when managers use valuations in financial reporting and in compiling transactions to change financial statements so as to mislead some stakeholders regarding the underlying results that depend on reported accounting figures or to influence contract outcomes that depend on reported accounting figures. The existence of earnings management in a company is inseparable from the various types or underlying motivational factors, while some of the motivations associated with the implementation of earnings management are bonus motivation, political motivation, tax motivation, CEO turnover motivation, IPO motivation. The models used in measuring earnings management include: Healy Model, DeAngelo Model, Jones Model, Industrial Model, Jones Modification Model, Dechow-Dichev Model, Kothari Model and Stubben Model. Keywords : earning management, motivation, measuring models

scholarly journals International harmonization of accounting demands a new approach to accounting education

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milana Otrusinová ◽  
Eva Hýblová
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
International Capital ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
And Performance ◽  
A Company

Accounting and financial reporting are valuable sources of information about the financial position and performance of a company. The development of the international capital market have brought needs for international, globally valid and acknowledged accounting norms. Currently, the IFRS are used in agreement with the European Commission directive for the elaboration of financial statements of companies which are issued by securities; the other entities continue using national generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). As the number of companies which apply the GAAP is predominant, the basis of the education of future accounting professionals is formed. However, this situation has to be changed because of the potential expansion of harmonization into a further group of companies (small and medium sized entities) and also because of the increasing international cooperation among companies. Accountants should gain knowledge about all concepts of accounting – specialization narrowed down to national GAAP is limiting, as has been confirmed by recruitment agencies. The aim of the paper is to analyse the needs of accounting education in the current situation in compliance with the development trends of this field.

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