scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Association of Cigarette Craving with Insula Structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maylen Perez Diaz ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Pochon ◽  
Dara G Ghahremani ◽  
Andy C Dean ◽  
Paul Faulkner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cigarette Craving ◽  
Left And Right

Abstract Background Cigarette craving, which can negatively impact smoking cessation, is reportedly stronger in women than in men when they initiate abstinence from smoking. Identifying approaches to counteract craving in people of different sexes may facilitate the development of personalized treatments for Tobacco Use Disorder, which disproportionally affects women. Because cigarette craving is associated nicotine dependence and structure of the insula, this study addressed whether a person’s sex influences these associations. Methods The research participants (n=99, 48 women) reported daily cigarette smoking and provided self-reports of nicotine dependence. After overnight abstinence from smoking, they underwent structural MRI scanning to determine cortical thickness of the left and right anterior circular insular sulcus, and self-rated their cigarette craving before and after their first cigarette of the day. Results Women reported stronger craving than men irrespective of smoking condition (i.e., pre- or post-smoking) (p=0.048), and smoking reduced craving irrespective of sex (p<0.001). A three-way interaction of sex, smoking condition, and right anterior circular insular sulcus thickness on craving (p=0.033) reflected a negative association of cortical thickness with pre-smoking craving in women only (p=0.012). No effects of cortical thickness in the left anterior circular insular sulcus were detected. Nicotine dependence was positively associated with craving (p<0.001) across groups and sessions, with no sex differences in this association. Conclusions A negative association of right anterior insula thickness with craving in women only suggests that this region may be a relevant therapeutic target for brain-based smoking cessation interventions in women.

Attitudes toward nicotine dependence among chemical dependency unit staff — before and after a smoking cessation trial

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Hurt ◽  
Ivana T. Croghan ◽  
Kenneth P. Offord ◽  
Kay M. Eberman ◽  
Robert M. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Chemical Dependency ◽  
Before And After

Hippocampal Abnormalities in Youth with Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Dudek ◽  
Jovanka Skocic ◽  
Erin Sheard ◽  
Joanne Rovet
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Hippocampal Function ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder

AbstractIndividuals diagnosed with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) exhibit difficulty on hippocampally mediated memory tasks and show reduced hippocampal size. However inconsistencies exist regarding the affected memory functions and where within the hippocampi effects occur. Given recent studies showing anterior and posterior segments support distinct memory functions and sex dimorphisms in hippocampal function, we asked whether these factors influence memory performance in youth with ARND (n= 18) and typically developing controls (n= 17). Participants received a battery of memory tests and a structural MRI scan. Right and left hippocampi were manually traced; anterior and posterior segments were delineated at the uncus. Measured were intracranial volumes (ICV) and right and left hippocampi and hippocampal segments. Volumes were adjusted for ICV. Relative to controls, the ARND group had lower IQs and memory performance on most tasks and marginally smaller ICVs. Left and right hippocampal volumes and posterior segments were smaller in the ARND group. Although no sex differences were observed between groups, females overall had larger anterior hippocampi than males. Positive and negative associations between hippocampal and selective memory indices were found in the ARND group only. These findings are the first to suggest that posterior hippocampal development may be compromised in youth with ARND. (JINS, 2014,20, 181–191)

Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Social Control Correlates of Smoking among Pregnant Women Trying to Quit

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fillo ◽  
Kimberly E. Kamper-DeMarco ◽  
Whitney C. Brown ◽  
Paul R. Stasiewicz ◽  
Clara M. Bradizza
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnant Smokers

Approximately 15% of US women currently smoke during pregnancy. An important step toward providing effective smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy is to identify individuals who are more likely to encounter difficulty quitting. Pregnant smokers frequently report smoking in response to intrapersonal factors (e.g., negative emotions), but successful cessation attempts can also be influenced by interpersonal factors (i.e., influence from close others). This study examined the association between emotion regulation difficulties, positive and negative social control (e.g., encouragement, criticism), and smoking cessation-related variables (i.e., smoking quantity, withdrawal symptoms) among pregnant smokers. Data were drawn from the pretreatment wave of a smoking cessation trial enrolling low-income pregnant women who self-reported smoking in response to negative affect (N = 73). Greater emotion regulation difficulties were related to greater smoking urges (b = 0.295, p = .042) and withdrawal symptoms (b = 0.085, p = .003). Additionally, more negative social control from close others was related to fewer smoking days (b = -0.614, p = .042) and higher smoking abstinence self-efficacy (b = 0.017, p = .002). More positive social control from close others interacted with negative affect smoking (b = -0.052, p = .043); the association between negative affect smoking and nicotine dependence (b = 0.812, p < .001) only occurred at low levels of positive social control. Findings suggest that emotion regulation difficulties may contribute to smoking during pregnancy by exacerbating women's negative experiences related to smoking cessation attempts. Negative social control was related to lower smoking frequency and greater confidence in quitting smoking, suggesting that it may assist pregnant smokers' cessation efforts. Positive social control buffered women from the effects of negative affect smoking on nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals Effect of dental wear, stabilization appliance and anterior tooth reconstruction on mandibular movements during speech

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila de Oliveira Serrano ◽  
Fernanda Faot ◽  
Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury ◽  
Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Anterior Tooth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Wear ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Mandibular Movements

This study described changes in mandibular movements during pronunciation of /m/ and /s/ sounds in Portuguese, in patients presenting dental wear before and after appliance insertion and tooth reconstruction. Subjects were divided into a control group of dentate patients and an experimental group of patients with incisal tooth wear due to bruxism. A magnetic jaw tracking device measured the jaw opening, and translations to left and right sides of the mandible during pronunciation of phonemes. Evaluations were carried out 1 week and immediately before appliance insertion; 24 h, 7, 30 and 60 days after appliance insertion; and 1 week and 1 month after tooth reconstruction. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests (p<0.05). Jaw opening was different (p<0.05) for both sounds in all periods. The anteroposterior amplitude for /s/ showed differences immediately before and 1 month after appliance insertion (p<0.05). Lateral amplitude for the right side showed differences between groups after appliance insertion for /s/, and 1 and 2 months after appliance insertion for the /m/ (p<0.05). Volunteers with anterior tooth wear had a wider opening movement, and the movements during speech of /m/ and /s/ sounds were not changed after appliance insertion and reconstruction of teeth.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Medication and Primary Healthcare Use before and after Spousal Bereavement at Older Ages in Denmark: Nationwide Register Study of over 6000 Bereavements

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Oksuzyan ◽  
Rune Jacobsen ◽  
Karen Glaser ◽  
Cecilia Tomassini ◽  
James W. Vaupel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Healthcare Use ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Conjugal Loss ◽  
Gp Visits

Background. The study aimed to examine sex differences in healthcare use before and after widowhood to investigate whether reduced healthcare use among widowers compared with widows may partially explain excess mortality and more adverse health outcomes among men than women after spousal loss.Methods. All individuals alive and aged at least 60 years in 1996 and who became widowed in the period from 1996 to 2003 were selected from the 5% sample of the total Danish population and all Danish twins. The healthcare use was assessed as the average daily all-cause and major system-specific medication use and the average annual number of visits to general physicians (GPs).Results. The average daily use of all-cause and major system-specific medications, as well as the number of GP visits increased over the period from 1 year before and up to 5 years after a spouse's death, but there were no sex-specific patterns in the trajectories of medication use and number of GP visits after conjugal loss.Conclusion. We found little support for the hypothesis that reduced healthcare use contributes to the explanation of more adverse health outcomes after conjugal loss in men compared with women in Denmark.

scholarly journals Smoking Cessation Services by Community Pharmacists: Real-World Practice in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11890
Author(s):  
Sunee Lertsinudom ◽  
Pentipa Kaewketthong ◽  
Tamonwan Chankaew ◽  
Dujrudee Chinwong ◽  
Surarong Chinwong
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Self Report ◽  
P Value ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Smoking Cessation Services ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide

This study aimed to report the effectiveness of community pharmacy smoking cessation services in 13 health regions in Thailand using a retrospective data-collecting method from the Foundation of Community Pharmacy database. The participants were smokers aged at least 18 years. The outcomes were the abstinence of smoking at least 30 consecutive days by self-report only and self-report with exhaled CO level <7 ppm (if available), the number of cigarettes smoked daily, exhaled carbon monoxide (exhaled CO), and % peak expiratory flow rate (%PEFR); smokers measured these outcomes before and after receiving the smoking cessation services. Of 58 community pharmacies, 532 smokers (93% male, mean age of 42.4 ± 14.9 years) received smoking cessation services from community pharmacists. Of 235 smokers with complete data, 153 (28.8%, 153/532) smokers reported smoking abstinence by self-report. The mean number of cigarettes smoked daily reduced from 15.3 ± 8.7 to 1.9 ± 3.8 cigarettes, p-value < 0.001. The exhaled CO levels of smokers significantly reduced from 11.7 ± 5.9 ppm to 7.2 ± 4.4 ppm, p-value < 0.001. The %PEFR also significantly increased from 84.2 ± 19.4 to 89.5 ± 19.5, p-value < 0.001. In conclusion, Thai community pharmacy smoking cessation services could aid smokers to quit smoking. This study is the outcome of the real-world community pharmacy smoking cessation service; policymakers should consider this service to be included in the national healthcare policy.

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