scholarly journals Effect of dietary arginine-to-lysine ratio in lactation on biochemical indices and performance of lactating sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiguo Gao ◽  
Xiaolu Wen ◽  
Chunyan Guo ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Wenjie Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The present study investigated the effect of optimizing the total dietary arginine (Arg)-to-lysine (Lys) ratios on the metabolism of lactating sows and piglet performance by supplementation with l- Arg during lactation. A total of 200 multiparous sows (three to six parities, Yorkshire × Landrace) were selected and randomly and equally assigned to five groups in lactation, and finally, 36, 34, 35, 36, and 33 dams completed the study in the dietary treatments, respectively, where the diets consisted of five step-up Arg-to-Lys ratios (0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3) by the addition of 0%, 0.10%, 0.20%, 0.30%, and 0.40% Arg. The diets contained 3.37 to 3.38 Mcal of digestible energy/kg energy, 17.73% to 17.75% crude protein, and 0.98% to 1.01% Lys and were fed ad libitum during lactation. The performance of sows and suckling piglets was measured, and plasma and milk samples were collected for analysis. The feed intake of sows as well as litter weight gain during lactation increased linearly (P ≤ 0.05), while maternal backfat and milk composition were not affected (P > 0.05) as the dietary Arg-to-Lys ratios increased. Analyzed plasma biochemical indices, including concentrations of free Arg, Orn, and Glu, and prolactin, insulin, and follicle-stimulating hormone, responded linearly (P ≤ 0.05) to increases in dietary Arg-to-Lys ratios. The dietary Arg-to-Lys ratios of 1.01 and 1.02 were optimal for maternal feed intake and litter weight gain, based on broken-line models. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that increasing total dietary Arg-to-Lys ratios in lactation was beneficial for the performance of lactating sows and suckling piglets, and dietary Arg-to-Lys ratios of 1.01 and 1.02 were optimal, from regression analyses, for the practical feeding of lactating sows.

EFFECTS OF CREEP AND STARTER COMPOSITION ON FEED INTAKE AND PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG PIGS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. OKAI ◽  
F. X. AHERNE ◽  
R. T. HARDIN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Complex Formulation ◽  
Period Increase ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Two experiments were conducted to study the performance of 3- and 5-wk-weaned pigs fed creep or starter diets of differing complexity. In experiment 1, 36 litters, adjusted to seven or eight pigs per litter, were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments: no creep feed or ad libitum access to a feed of a simple, semi-complex or complex formulation during the pre-weaning period from 10 days of age until weaning at 3 wk of age. After weaning, pigs were paired by weight, within litters and treatments and each pair randomly allotted to one of the three diets. The post-weaning feeding period was from 3 to 7 wk of age. In experiment 2 the same creep and starter treatments as were used in experiment 1 were fed to 48 litters from 2 to 5 wk of age. After weaning, litter sizes were adjusted to seven or eight pigs and four litters from each pre-weaning treatment were allotted to each of the diets from 5 to 8 wk of age. In both experiments, creep feed intake was low for all three diets and though more of the complex diet was eaten in both experiments there were no significant differences in mean piglet weaning weight. In the post-weaning period, increase in diet complexity led to a corresponding increase in feed intake and weight gain. Only in the first experiment were the differences in post-weaning weight gain significant (P < 0.001). The digestibility coefficient for energy increased with an increase in diet complexity. Significant creep–starter interactions were only observed in the second experiment; the possible reasons for this have been discussed.

Repeated injections with dexamethasone in healthy lactating sows and the effect on growth rate of their suckling piglets

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Norby ◽  
B. E. Straw ◽  
P. C. Bartlett ◽  
K. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Effect On Growth

Twelve lactating sows were given two doses of 14 mg of dexamethasone and 12 controls were given two doses (7.0 mL) of physiological saline. During the treatment period, total litter weight gain in litters of dexamethasone-treated sows was significantly less (P = 0.02) than weight gain of control litters. Key words: Swine, glucocorticoids, growth rate

scholarly journals Effect of high phytase supplementation in lactation diets on sow and litter performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey L Batson ◽  
Hilda I Calderón ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Cross Fostering

Abstract A total of 109 sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) were used to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary phytase in lactation diets, already adequate in P, on sow and litter performance. On d 107 of gestation, sows were blocked by body weight and parity and allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments of increasing phytase concentration (0, 1,000, or 3,000 FYT/kg; Ronozyme Hi Phos GT 2700, DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Parsippany, NJ). The control diet contained no phytase and was formulated to contain 0.50% standardized total tract digestible phosphorus (STTD P; 0.45% available P) and 0.62% STTD Calcium (0.90% total Ca). The phytase diets that contained 1,000 or 3,000 FYT/kg were also formulated to 0.50% STTD P and 0.62% STTD Ca including the release of 0.132% STTD P and 0.096% STTD Ca. Diets were balanced for net energy and fed from d 107 of gestation until weaning (d 18 ±3). All farrowings were monitored, with farrowing duration starting at the time the first pig was born until the first dispersal of placental tissues with no subsequent pigs born. Litters were cross-fostered within treatment until 48 h post-farrowing to equalize litter size. There were no differences among treatments in sow body weight at d 107 of gestation, 24-h after farrowing, or at weaning. Sow average daily feed intake from farrowing to weaning tended to increase (linear, P = 0.093) as phytase increased. There was no evidence for difference in the number of total born pigs, as well as the percentage of stillborns, mummies, and born alive pigs at the completion of farrowing. Similarly, phytase supplementation did not influence (P &gt; 0.05) wean-to-estrus interval or litter size after cross-fostering among dietary treatments. Although not significant (linear, P = 0.226), farrowing duration decreased as added phytase increased with a decrease of 47 minutes (12%) for 3,000 FYT compared to the control. There were no differences in pig weight at weaning, but as a result of increased survivability (linear, P = 0.002), litter weaning weight and overall litter weight gain increased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) up to 1,000 FYT of added phytase with no further benefit observed in sows fed 3,000 FYT. In conclusion, sow feed intake tended to increase linearly with increasing added phytase. Feeding 1,000 FYT/kg maximized overall litter gain and weaning weight; however, a larger scale study with more sows is needed to determine the addition of phytase in lactation diets to reduce farrowing duration.

Extruded full-fat soybean as a substitute for soybean meal and oil in diets for lactating sows: the effect on litter performance and milk composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1725
Author(s):  
Pan Zhou ◽  
Guangbo Luo ◽  
Lianqiang Che ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
Shengyu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing different concentrations of extruded full-fat soybean (EFS) to corn-soybean meal-based lactation diets, at the expense of soybean meal and oil, on sow and litter performance. During gestation, a total of 60 Landrace × Yorkshire multiparous sows were fed the same gestational diet. After farrowing, sows were randomly allotted to one of four treatments including Control (corn-soybean meal-soybean oil), and 6.1%, 12.2%, and 18.3% EFS diets, until Day 21 of lactation. Individual weight at weaning tended to be heavier in the 12.2% EFS group as compared with Controls (P = 0.07). Litter weight in 12.2% EFS group was significantly increased compared with Controls, representing an increase of 7.8%. Average daily feed intake of sows in the 12.2% EFS group tended to increase (P = 0.08) when compared with the other three groups. At Day 21 of lactation, fat and protein content in the milk of the 12.2% EFS group were higher than those of the Control group (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that feeding lactating sows diets supplemented with EFS had a positive effect on milk composition as well as litter performance. Among the three dietary levels of EFS tested, 12.2% EFS supplementation level showed preferable reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Performance, serum biochemical indices and crude protein utilization by broiler chickens fed diets based on two varieties of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grits II. Finisher Phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-174
Author(s):  
O. A. Ogunwole ◽  
F. D. Abayomi ◽  
S. O. Oladimeji ◽  
M. D. Olumide ◽  
H. O. Lawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Effects of feeding diets based on grits from two varieties of cassava on performance, selected serum biochemical indices and crude protein utilization by broiler finisher chickens was studied. In a completely randomized design, Abor Acre broiler chickens (n=210) aged 21 days were allotted to seven dietary treatments; each replicated thrice comprising 10 birds per replicate. Seven isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated; diet 1 contained 50% maize and 0% cassava grits while diets 2, 3 and 4 had 25, 50 and 75% of maize replaced, respectively with cassava grits from TMS 01/1371, diets 5, 6 and 7 had their maize replaced with cassava grits from TME 419 at 25, 50 and 75%, respectively. Chickens were fed on respective experimental diets and offered water ad libitum for three weeks. Feed intake, weight gain, feed and conversion ratio (FCR) differed significantly (P<0.05) while metabolizable crude protein (MCP) values were similar (P>0.05). Higher daily weight gain (DWG) was obtained in birds on diet 7 (69.56 g), 1 (62.71) and 4 (60.25) compared with those on diets 6 (58.10), 3 (54.76), 2 (52.02) and 5 (50.07). Serum albumin (g/dL) were lower but similar in birds on diets 2 (2.35), 3 (2.03), 4(1.97) 5 (1.98). Globulin values varied significantly (P<0.05) across treatments. There was however, no significant effect of treatments (P<0.05) on total protein, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, serum urea nitrogen and creatinine. Interactions of grit varieties and increased dietary inclusion levels of TMS 01/1371 reduced metabolizable crude protein of finishers' broiler significantly (P<0.05). This relationship was not significant for TME 419 (P>0.05). Dietary cassava grits from both varieties of cassava had no deleterious effect on overall broiler chickens performance. However, there was gross reduction in metabolizable crude protein with increasing dietary inclusion of cassava grits.

Effects of protein content on feed intake and performance of grasscutters fed diets containing forage meal

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
J. K. Nyameasem ◽  
M. Akoloh ◽  
E. K. Adu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

The potential of grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) as a source of animal protein can be exploited with better understanding of its nutrient requirement. This experiment was conducted to determine the protein requirement of growing grasscutters fed formulated diets containing forage meal. Twenty-four growing grasscutters, in groups of four, were randomly allotted to four treatment diets formulated to respectively supply 14, 16, 18 and 20% crude protein (CP). Parameters measured included daily feed intake, daily weight gain (growth rate), final bodyweight, feed conversion ratio and cost-to-gain ratio. Dietary protein significantly (P &lt; 0.05) influenced daily weight gain, as well as the final liveweights of the animals. The mean daily weight gain of the animals fed the 18% CP diet was not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) different from those fed the 20% CP diet (12.8 vs 11.7 g/day), but was significantly higher than animals fed the 16% (6.4 g/day) and 14% (7.0 g/day) CP diets. The mean feed conversion ratios of the animals fed the diets with 18% CP (4.1) was, however, only significantly (P &lt; 0.05) different from animals fed diets with 16% (7.2) and 14% (6.3) CP. Given the overall economic importance of low cost-to-gain ratio, and the profitability of the diets thereof, these results suggest that 18% is the optimum CP level for economically feeding growing grasscutters on formulated diets containing forage meal.

scholarly journals PSIII-11 Effect of dietary lactic acid bacteria level on reproductive performance and plasma indices in lactating sows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
can yang ◽  
xiaowu tang ◽  
fengna li ◽  
Ruilin huang ◽  
Yulong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Abstract This experiment was conducted to research the effects of different dietary levels of lactic acid bacterial (LAB) in sows’ diet during lactation on piglet growth performance, serum biochemical indices and amino acid of sows. 40 late gestation (110 d) sows with parity 3 or 4 were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 sows per group. 0, 50, 100, 200, 300 mL Lactobacillus liquid (live LAB concentration was ≥1 *109 CFU/mL) was fed per sow per day for experimental groups L0, L50, L100, L200, L300, respectively. The durations of the test were 35 days. Results showed that, litter weight at weaning from group C grew slower than piglets from groups of L100, L200, L300 (P &lt; 0. 05). Average piglet weight gain from day 1 to 21 of lactation was higher in L200 compared with groups C and L50 (P &lt; 0. 05). Number of weaned pigs increased linearly with dietary LAB level (P = 0.037, r2 = 0.146, y=8.335 + 0.005x). Total litter weight gain from day 0 to 21 increased linearly with the dietary LAB level (P = 0.005, r2 = 0.288, y=15.797 + 0.040x). Serum GLU concentration was smaller in group L50 compared with other groups (P &lt; 0.05). Serum TC concentration was higher in group L100 and lower in groups L200 and L300 (P &lt; 0.05).The values of those amino acids such as leucine, lysine, valine, arginine, cysteine, ornithine were all higher in the sows fed 50 mL LAB than other groups (P &lt; 0.05).In summary, our results have revealed the ability of addition of LAB in sows’ diet during lactation significantly modify piglet growth. Addition of 200 mL LAB liquid seems to be more effective in elevating weight of weaning piglets.

Effect of an acidifier as replacement for antibiotics on the performance and gut morphology of broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
BA Makanjuola ◽  
OO Obi ◽  
TO Olorungbohunmi ◽  
OA Morakinyo ◽  
BA Boladuro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of an acidifier as an alternative to antibiotics on the performance and gut morphology of broiler chickens. One hundred and eighty (180) 7-day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments of 4 replicates each. Each replicate had 15 birds. The diets fed to the birds were: Treatment 1- diet with neither antibiotic nor acidifier; Treatment 2- diet with antibiotic and Treatment 3- diet with acidifier. The antibiotic used was Enrofloxacin which was administered to the birds on Treatment 2 via their drinking water while the acidifier used was Biotronic SE (a combination of propionic and formic acids) which was added to the diet of birds on Treatment 3 at the rate of 4kg/tonne of feed. The experiment lasted 42 days. No significant differences were observed in the feed intake, final weight and weight gain of the birds on the different diets. Significant differences were however observed in the villus height in the duodenum and ileum of the birds. The crypt depth values in the different segments of the small intestines of the birds were not significantly affected by the different treatments.Key words: Organic acids, Biotronic SE, Enrofloxacin, Crypt, villus.

Physiology and bromatology of Oryctolagus cunicullus L. 1758 fed browse legume with enzyme levels

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A.M. Ogungbesan ◽  
O.E. Fasina ◽  
E.O. Alagbe ◽  
O.O. Eniolorunda
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of feeding rabbits with Maxigrain® (M) enzyme supplemented Gliricidia sepium leaf meal (GLM) on their physiology, performance characteristics, and nutrients digestibility. Twenty weaned rabbits of mixed sexes, 5-6 weeks old, were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments including 0 g M which was soybean without M (control) and GLM supplemented with M at 50, 100, 150 and 200 g M per kilogramme of GLM. There were four rabbits per treatment and one rabbit as replicate in a completely randomized design. There were no significant (p > 0.05) treatment effects in all physiological and performance indices as well as those of crude fat, fibre and NFE digestibilities. There were variations (p < 0.05) due to the treatment effects on dry matter, crude protein and ash digestiblities. This implies that the feeding of soft faeces directly from the caecum called coprophagy mechanism in rabbits has its concomitant nutritional benefits. This advantageous benefit can enable rabbit to effectively and efficiently utilize forage or forage-based diet with or without enzyme supplementation.

Performance of broiler chickens fed graded dietary inclusion levels of moringa (Moringa oleifera) seed cake

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
M. Afolayan ◽  
M. M. Iliya ◽  
G. S. Bawa ◽  
L. Alayande
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The progressive increase in the cost and scarcity of conventional feedstuffs, especially energy and protein sources has resulted into a continuous effort in researching into the possible utilization of the under - exploited wild legumes in poultry feed formulation. Several Researchers had reported on the utilization of Moringa oleifera leaf meal in poultry diets whereas; few reports exist on the utilization of Moringa seed. Therefore, this study wasconducted to evaluate the effect of graded dietary levels of moringa seed cake (MSC) on the performance of broiler chickens. A total of 195, one day old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly assigned into five dietary treatments of moringa seed cake, each treatment having three replicates in a completely randomized design. MSC was included at levels of 0, 5,10, 15 and 20% respectively. Feed and water were given ad- libitum. Proximate composition ofMSC showed that it is high in energy, crude protein and ether extract with3304. 39 ME kcals/ kg, 32.49 % and 17.70%, respectively. Birds fed 5% MSC diet were better than the birds on the other levels of MSC diets in terms of growth and carcass characteristics. The results obtained from growth study revealed a significant declined in, final weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio as the inclusion levels of MSC increased beyond 5% in thediets. The birds on control diet had the best result in terms of final weight , daily weight gain and daily feed intake of 2974g/bird, 52.4g/bird / day and 107.51g/bird/ day respectively followed by those fed diet containing 5% MSC with 2183.4g/bird, 38.24/bird /day and 95.66g/bird /day respectively. whereas, the birds fed 20% MSC had the least (P>0.05) final weight, daily weight gain and daily feed intake of 560 g/bird, 9.26g/bird /day and 33.51g/bird/day respectively. Carcass characteristics followed similar trend as the growth parameters. Hematological indices showed significant differences across the dietary treatments, however, the results were within the normal range except for the white blood cell. It can therefore be, concluded that the inclusion of MSC in broiler chicken diet should not exceed 5% for optimum growth and general performance. 

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