scholarly journals PSI-30 Evaluation of urine estrone sulfate (P-Test) in beef cattle as an alternative pregnancy detection method

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
Bailey Hooten ◽  
Cheyenne Runyan ◽  
David Roper ◽  
William B Smith ◽  
Nicholas W Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
State University ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Estrone Sulfate ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Consistent Method ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Test Color

Abstract Pregnancy detection in cattle can be expensive and labor intensive to producers. A simple, cost-efficient method of determining early pregnancy, chute side, is lacking within the industry. This study tested various proven pregnancy detection methods against an alternative method. Pregnancy was assessed by ultrasonography, blood serum pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB), and urine estrone sulfate (“P-Test”). A fixed timed AI (FTAI) protocol was conducted on 14 predominantly British cattle housed at Tarleton State University in Stephenville, TX. Cows were synchronized using the co-synch plus 7 day CIDR protocol, with PGF injection of d 7. Heifers were synchronized similarly with the exception of GnRH injection on d 1. Estrotech patch scores (1 – 4, 1 showing little signs of estrus to 4 presenting signs of estrus) were utilized to indicate estrus activity prior to FTAI (21.4% vs. 78.6% females scored 1 vs. 4, respectively). FTAI was performed on protocol d 10 along with a 2mL injection of GnRH. Serum for PSPB analysis was collected at d 30 and 60 post insemination, while urine was sampled on d 60. Overall 53.8% (ultrasonography) and 71.4% (PSPB) of cattle were determined to be pregnant at d 30 post FTAI. Chi squared analysis proved that PSPB and ultrasound were similar at detecting pregnancy (P = 0.04). At d 60 “P-Test” color varied indicating differing levels of estrone sulfate. A t-test revealed increased PSPB from d 30–60 post FTAI (P < 0.0001); however, “P-Test” could not predict similar results (P = 0.655). Data suggest the “P-Test” is not a consistent method to diagnose early pregnancy. Future studies may be warranted to investigate a more desirable time point for utilizing the chute side “P-Test” as a reliable method to determine pregnancy.

Strategic Aspects of NPY-Based Monoclonal Antibodies for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1097-1102
Author(s):  
Drashti Desai ◽  
Pravin Shende
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Active Immunotherapy ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Protein Fusion ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cost Efficient

: Immunotherapy emerges as a treatment strategy for breast cancer marker, diagnosis and treatment. In this review, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)-based passive and peptide vaccines as active immunotherapy approaches like activation of B-cells and T-cells are studied. Passive immunotherapy is mAbs-based therapy effective against tumor cells, which acts by targeting HER2, IGF 1R, VEGF, BCSC and immune checkpoints. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and GPCR are the areas of interest to target BC metastases for on-targeting therapeutic action. Neuropeptide S (NPS) or NPS receptor 1, acts as a biomarker for Neuroendocrine tumors (NET), mostly characterized by synaptophysin and chromogranin-A expression or Ki-67 proliferation index. The protein fusion technologies arise as a promising avenue in plant expression systems for increased recombinant Ab accumulation and cost-efficient purification. Recently, mAbs-based immunotherapy effectiveness is appreciated as a novel therapeutic combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy to reduce the side effects and improve therapeutic responsiveness. Synthetic drug resistance will be overcome by mAbs-based therapy through several clinical trials and detection methods need to be optimized for accuracy and precision. Pharmacokinetic attributes need to be accessed for preferred receptor-agonist activity without ligand accumulation.

scholarly journals Evidence for the Use of Mucus Swabs to Detect Renibacterium salmoninarum in Brook Trout

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Tawni B. Riepe ◽  
Victoria Vincent ◽  
Vicki Milano ◽  
Eric R. Fetherman ◽  
Dana L. Winkelman
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Renibacterium Salmoninarum ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

Efforts to advance fish health diagnostics have been highlighted in many studies to improve the detection of pathogens in aquaculture facilities and wild fish populations. Typically, the detection of a pathogen has required sacrificing fish; however, many hatcheries have valuable and sometimes irreplaceable broodstocks, and lethal sampling is undesirable. Therefore, the development of non-lethal detection methods is a high priority. The goal of our study was to compare non-lethal sampling methods with standardized lethal kidney tissue sampling that is used to detect Renibacterium salmoninarum infections in salmonids. We collected anal, buccal, and mucus swabs (non-lethal qPCR) and kidney tissue samples (lethal DFAT) from 72 adult brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) reared at the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Pitkin Brood Unit and tested each sample to assess R. salmoninarum infections. Standard kidney tissue detected R. salmoninarum 1.59 times more often than mucus swabs, compared to 10.43 and 13.16 times more often than buccal or anal swabs, respectively, indicating mucus swabs were the most effective and may be a useful non-lethal method. Our study highlights the potential of non-lethal mucus swabs to sample for R. salmoninarum and suggests future studies are needed to refine this technique for use in aquaculture facilities and wild populations of inland salmonids.

scholarly journals A Students’ Preferences-Based Approach to Select Methods for Detecting and Handling Free-Riding

2021 ◽  
pp. 027347532199210
Author(s):  
Else-Marie van den Herik ◽  
Tim M. Benning
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Ranking Task ◽  
Handling Methods ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Marketing Educators

Free-riding is a serious challenge in group projects. While there are various methods to reduce free-riding, marketing educators still face a difficult task when selecting an appropriate method for their course. In this study, we propose a students’ preferences-based approach that supports marketing educators with the selection of methods to detect and handle free-riding. To measure these preferences, students completed an online survey based on a choice task about two methods to detect free-riding and a ranking task about four methods to handle free-riding ( n = 254). Their answers were analyzed using chi-squared tests, Borda scores, and rank-ordered logit models. The results show that (a) neither Dutch nor international students have a clear preference for one of the two detection methods (the reporting system vs. the process evaluation system), (b) grade discussion (a possible reduction of the free-rider’s grade based on a conversation with the course coordinator about each student’s contribution) is the most preferred method to handle free-riding, and (c) international students have a stronger preference for stricter handling methods. Marketing educators can apply the proposed approach, or use our specific findings, for designing methods to reduce free-riding in their courses.

Disgust sensitivity predicts obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms above and beyond anxiety sensitivity and negative affectivity

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 145-145
Author(s):  
P. Chorot ◽  
B. Sandin ◽  
M.A. Santed ◽  
R.M. Valiente ◽  
M. Olmedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
State University ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Introduction and aimsBoth anxiety sensitivity (AS) and negative affect (NA) are significant general predictors of anxiety disorders, including the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; Taylor, 1999). Recently, our group reported preliminary findings suggesting that disgust sensitivity was able to predict OCD symptoms, particularly contamination obsessions and washing compulsions, when controlling for AS and NA (Sandín et al., 2008). The present study examines whether disgust domains of the Cuestionario de Sensibilidad al Asco (CSA) [Disgust Sensitivity Questionnaire] predict obsessive-compulsive symptoms above and beyond AS and NA.MethodA sample of undergraduates completed the CSA (see Valiente et al.), the Padua Inventory-Whasington State University Revision (Burns et al., 1996), the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (Taylor et al., 2007; Sandín et al., 2007), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson et al., 1988, Sandín et al., 1999).ResultsHierarchic regression analysis revealed that CSA was a better predictor of contamination obsessions and washing compulsions than anxiety sensitivity and negative affect. Also, CSA domains predicted differentially each obsessive-compulsive dimension.ConclusionsContamination-based OCD symptoms appears to be particularly associated to disgust sensitivity, specially with the CSA dimension of hygiene (it includes items such as “Seeing someone spit”, Touching the clothes of a beggar or homeless”). Assuming that contamination-based OCD is a very prevalent type of OCD, future studies on implication of this dimension in its development and/or maintenance is warranted.

scholarly journals Detection of C-Reactive Protein Using Histag-HRP Functionalized Nanoconjugate with Signal Amplified Immunoassay

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Mohd Farhan Siddiqui ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmad Khan ◽  
Seungkyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Detection Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Elisa Format ◽  
Early Biomarker ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Detection Of Biomarkers ◽  
Gold Nanoprobe

Ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers is highly significant for disease prognosis and public health treatment. Despite wide acceptance in routine laboratory tests, the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been of limited use for early biomarker detection due to insufficient sensitivity and multiple long incubation time. Several nanoprobes have been introduced to circumvent the limitation, however, rapid, simple, and chemical-free nanoprobe synthesis and sensitive detection methods, particularly for ELISA, are still lacking. In this study, we have synthesized a gold nanoprobe, conjugated with multiple 6X-histidine (6X-his) peptide and nickel-horseradish peroxidase (Ni2+-HRP), for enhancing the colorimetric signal in ELISA. The developed nanoprobe has been tested for the detection of immunologically significant C-reactive protein (CRP) in ELISA format. The performance of designed probe is validated by testing standard and serum samples, and the detection limit of 32.0 pg/mL with R2 = 0.98 is confirmed. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the developed nanoprobe was performed with ELISA developed on conventional guidelines, the proposed immunoassay showed an increase of 12-fold sensitivity for detecting CRP due to the high loading of 6Xhis peptide and binding of multiple Ni2+-HRP on a gold nanoparticle. Additionally, the proposed assay provides a simple, fast, and cost-efficient (not requiring multiple antibodies) detection of CRP with easy nanoprobe synthesis. Moreover, the developed Histag-HRP functionalized nanoconjugate immunoassay is flexible and can be applied to other biomarkers efficiently by using disease specific antibody.

Development of Detection Research on Fatigue Driving

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 813-817
Author(s):  
Xiao Jun He ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Zhen Di Yi ◽  
Yuan Quan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Driving Fatigue ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Fatigue Driving ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fatigue Detection

This paper presents the current most common fatigue-driving detection methods. The advantages and disadvantages of these detection methods are compared with. Moreover, several major products of the current fatigue detection are listed briefly. Furthermore, the development trends of driving-fatigue detection technology are prospected. The author believes that driver fatigue testing standards need to be further clarified and the non-contact detection method of driving-fatigue needs to be developed deeply. Information fusion is an important orientation for driving fatigue and we should design the cost-efficient detection products for fatigue-driving.

scholarly journals RedoxiFluor: A microplate assay to quantify protein thiol redox state in percentages and moles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Tuncay ◽  
Anna Noble ◽  
Matthew Guille ◽  
James Cobley
Keyword(s):  
Redox State ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Microplate Assay ◽  
Protein Thiol ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
Thiol Redox State ◽  
Thiol Redox ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Context Specific

Abstract An accessible, time- and cost-efficient microplate assay to quantify protein thiol redox state in percentages and moles relative to the thiol proteome (i.e., context) and other targets (i.e., array mode) would be invaluable for understanding how protein thiols regulate essential biological processes. RedoxiFluor achieves several key benefits (i.e., percentages, moles, context, array mode) in a microplate format. After robustly validating RedoxiFluor, comparative analysis reveals that key benefits are intractable to other immunological techniques. Moles is an unprecedented achievement. Proof-of-concept studies illuminating fundamental redox principles (i.e., specificity, context, and heterogeneity) through measurement alone demonstrate how RedoxiFluor can advance understanding. For example, target specific protein thiol redox state changes are: (1) context specific (i.e., redox stimulus dependent); (2) selective (i.e., redox stimuli oxidise select targets); and (3) heterogenous (i.e., target responses vary markedly). RedoxiFluor is a powerful new tool for advancing a far-reaching and influential field: protein thiol redox biology.

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