221 Camelina Meal as an Alternative Ingredient in Growing-finishing Pig Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
Adrienne Hilbrands ◽  
Yuzhi Li ◽  
Lee Johnston ◽  
Ryan Cox ◽  
William Lazarus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Camelina Meal

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the most effective inclusion rate of camelina meal (CM) in growing-finishing pig diets. Pigs (n = 192; 11 wk old), balanced for sex and initial weight, were assigned to 4 dietary treatments (6 pens/treatment; 8 pig/pen). Treatments consisted of a non-GMO corn-soybean meal-based control diet (CON), and CON containing 5% CM (5%CM), 10% (10%CM), or 15% (15%CM) camelina meal. Feed deliveries and pigs were weighed every other week to calculate ADG, ADFI, and Gain:Feed on a pen basis. Focal pigs (5/treatment) were harvested at 23 wk of age at the University of Minnesota abattoir for meat quality analysis (drip loss, pH, fat depth, belly firmness, loin marbling score, shelf life) and the remaining pigs were harvested at a commercial abattoir. Before harvest, real-time ultrasonic measurements of back fat depth and loin eye area were collected on all pigs. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix with dietary treatment as a fixed effect and pen as the experimental unit with data collected over time considered as repeated measures. Pigs fed CON diet consumed more feed than pigs fed CM diets (P = 0.002; Table 1). Pigs fed CON diet exhibited higher (P = 0.002) ADG than pigs consuming 10%CM and 15%CM diets. These differences resulted in heavier (P = 0.003) CON-fed pigs at marketing than 10%CM or 15%CM-fed pigs. There were no significant differences in Gain:Feed, any carcass or meat quality traits analyzed (data not shown). These results suggest that supplementing 5% CM in corn-soybean meal-based diets will not negatively influence growth performance, carcass traits, or meat quality of growing-finishing pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of increasing dietary inclusion of camelina cake on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Hilbrands ◽  
L J Johnston ◽  
R B Cox ◽  
F Forcella ◽  
R Gesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the dietary inclusion rate of camelina cake (CC) that would support the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs similar to that of a corn-soybean meal-based diet. Pigs (n = 192; BW = 35.2 kg; Duroc x (Yorkshire x Landrace)), balanced for sex and initial weight, were assigned to pens (8 pigs/pen) and pens were assigned randomly to one of four dietary treatments (6 pens/treatment). Treatments consisted of a non GMO corn-soybean meal control diet (CON), or CON containing 5% (5CC), 10% (10CC), or 15% (15CC) camelina cake. Feed disappearance on a pen basis and individual body weights of pigs were recorded every other week to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) on a pen basis. Prior to harvest, real-time ultrasonic measurements of back fat depth and loin eye area were collected on all live pigs. Pigs were harvested as a single group at about 23 weeks of age at a commercial abattoir. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix with dietary treatment as a fixed effect and pen serving as the experimental unit. Growth performance data collected over time were analyzed using repeated measures within the Proc Glimmix procedure. Overall, pigs fed CON exhibited similar ADG to those consuming 5CC and higher ADG than pigs consuming 10CC and 15CC diets (1.10 kg vs. 1.05 kg for 10CC and 1.02 kg for 15CC; P < 0.05 for both mean comparisons). Pigs fed CON consumed more feed than pigs fed any of the CC diets (ADFI = 2.66 kg for CON vs. 2.46 kg for 5CC, 2.46 kg for 10CC and 2.47 kg for 15CC; P < 0.05 for all). These differences resulted in heavier (P < 0.05) CON-fed pigs at marketing than 10CC or 15CC-fed pigs. There were no differences in any carcass traits analyzed. From these data, we conclude that feeding up to 5% CC in corn-soybean meal-based diets did not negatively influence growth performance, or carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs.

PSVIII-21 Multi-strain probiotics improved carcass characteristics and meat quality in pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 426-426
Author(s):  
Ting-Yu Lee ◽  
San-Land Young ◽  
Chin-Sheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Carcass Characteristic

Abstract Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Many studies have demonstrated that probiotics could enhance the growth performance of swine, but rare evidence on meat quality. Therefore, a combination of Lactobacillus and Bacillus strains, SYNLACTMLeanAd (SLA), on carcass characteristic, meat quality and cecal microbiota of pig was conducted. 60 LYD weaned pigs were randomly allotted to control (corn-SBM based diet, CT), antibiotic (basal diet with 200 ppm Amoxicillin, AB), and multi-strain probiotics (basal diet with SLA at 106 CFU/g feed, SLA). Pigs fed treatment diets from 7 to 130 Kg BW (24 wks) with 20 pigs/TRT, and individual pigs used as experimental unit for carcass evaluation. There were no differences on carcass weight and carcass yield. Lean percentage of CT, AB and SLA were 54.01, 51.54, and 54.75%, respectively (P > 0.05) with subcutaneous fat 21.59, 21.21, 17.22%, and backfat 3.08, 3.21, 2.76 cm, individually (P > 0.05). However, the longissimus muscles area was improved (62.77 vs. 68.42 vs. 91.59 cm2, P < 0.05), loin weight increased (3.52 vs. 3.49 vs. 4.52 Kg, P < 0.05) with greater marbling score (2.38 vs. 1.80 vs.2.78, P < 0.05) in SLA. Sensory evaluation showed pigs fed SLA had higher juiciness score (3.55 vs. 3.18 vs. 3.91, P < 0.05) with better overall acceptance. It is unclear pork quality was different between treatments; however, cecal microbiome gene sequencing suggested a potential linkage of gut microbiota modification and pork quality by AB or SLA feeding.

scholarly journals 349 The use of low antioxidant mineral concentrations in the growing diet as a method to increase marbling deposition in feedlot cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 141-142
Author(s):  
Jerad R Jaborek ◽  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The presence of reactive oxygen species has been associated with the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into lipid filled mature adipocytes in vitro. We hypothesized offering a diet without supplemental antioxidant minerals (Cu, Mg, Zn, and Se) to steers during the growing phase, a time when intramuscular fat cells are believed to be proliferating, would promote differentiation of pre-adipocytes, leading to more desirable marbling scores compared with steers supplemented to meet their mineral requirements. After adaptation to the feedlot, 168 Sim-Angus steers were divided into four weight blocks, placed in one of twenty-four pens, and randomly assigned a dietary treatment. Dietary treatments were: 1) no supplemental (Cu, Mg, Zn, and Se) minerals; 2) control diet with supplemented minerals to meet the mineral requirements of growing beef steers (NRC, 2016); 3) Cu, Mg, Zn, and Se concentrations supplemented at twice the concentration of the control diet. After dietary treatments were applied for the 4-wk long growing phase, steers were offered a common finishing diet until reaching a similar backfat thickness until harvest. Feedlot performance and carcass data were analyzed in SAS with pen as the experimental unit in the following model: Yij = μ+Di+wj+eij, where Di was the fixed effect of diet, wj was the random effect of weight block, and eij was the random error. No significant (P > 0.35) treatment effects were found for feedlot performance and carcass measurements. The feedstuffs in the basal diet may have contained sufficient concentrations of antioxidant minerals to meet the mineral requirements of the steers and mask differences in marbling. Additionally, offering a similar diet during the finishing period may have resulted in compensatory marbling growth, which offset marbling differences after the growing phase and resulted in uniform marbling accumulation across dietary treatments.

Effects of concentrates rich in by-products on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of light lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Avilés Ramírez ◽  
F. Peña Blanco ◽  
A. Horcada Ibáñez ◽  
N. Núñez Sánchez ◽  
F. Requena Domenech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Alternative Ingredients ◽  
Camelina Meal ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
By Products

The effects of feeding concentrates with alternative ingredients to cereal and soybean meal on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of feedlot lambs were studied. A total of 105 non-castrated male lambs were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (5 replicates per treatment): Control (CON, similar to commercial concentrates), Camelina (CAM, where camelina meal replaced 50% of the crude protein from the soybean meal in the CON concentrate), and Fibrous (FIB, concentrate without cereals and soybean meal, with camelina meal in addition to several by-products, and 20% less energy). The CAM treatment performed as well as the CON one. The FIB treatment increased feed conversion rate and tended to improve the redness and the oxidative stability. The CAM and FIB were economically more favourable. We found that a concentrate for feedlot lambs based on alternative ingredients, including several by-products, could be a feasible alternative to typical cereal-soybean meal-based concentrates.

scholarly journals PSIII-19 Supplementation of mint oil and yeast cell in lactation diets on performance of offspring during the early-post weaning period

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
Lily P Hernandez ◽  
James L Dunn ◽  
Joel Wenninghoff ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
And Control

Abstract Social and dietary stress at weaning can increase oxidative stress in piglets and impact performance during the early post-wean period. A study was conducted to assess yeast cell and mint oil supplementation during suckling and post-wean periods on offspring growth performance. A total of 481 piglets (6.25 ± 3.35 kg BW) from 45 sows were randomly allotted to pens balanced by weight and litter (6-8 pigs/pen) within maternal diet. Pens of pigs received the same dietary treatment as the sow during the suckling phase: control diet (CON), control + yeast cell at 0.2% (YC), control + mint oil at 10 ppm (MO), and control + yeast cell and mint oil (YCMO) for 35 d post-wean in a 4-phase feeding regimen (phase 1, d0-6; phase 2, d7-13; phase 3, d14-19; phase 4, d20-35). Performance was analyzed as randomized complete block with pen as experimental unit and Tukey’s adjustment as means separation test. Piglets from YC sows were heavier (P < 0.05) than CON with MO and YCMO intermediate at weaning (6.9, 6.5, 6.7 and 6.6 ± 0.2 kg, respectively) and day 6 post-wean (7.12, 6.68, 7.01, and 6.75 ± 0.09 kg, respectively) and no difference among groups at day 13 (9.1 ± 0.16 kg), 19 (11.3 ± 0.19 kg) and 35 (19.7 ± 0.35 kg). Overall, daily gain was greater (P < 0.05) CON-fed pigs than YCMO pigs (0.40, 0.39, 0.38, 0.37 ± 0.01 g/d in CON, YC, MO, and YCMO, respectively). Overall feed intake was greater (P < 0.05) for YCMO than MO resulting in lower (P < 0.05) gain:feed in YCMO-fed pigs vs CON and MO with YC-fed pigs intermediate (0.538 vs 0.617, 0.621, and 0.585, respectively). Exposure to yeast cell or mint oil during the suckling and early post-wean periods provided some benefit to offspring performance.

scholarly journals Growth, nutrient utilization, body composition, hematology and histopathology of the liver of Clarias gariepinus fed cooked sunflower based diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-351
Author(s):  
Wasiu Adeyemi Jimoh
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Randomized Design

This study investigated the use of cooked sunflower seed meal as soybean meal replacer in Clarias gariepinus diet in a 56-day feeding trial using growth performance, nutrient utilization, body composition, digestibility, haematology and liver histology as indices of assessment. Sunflower seed meal was cooked for 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Each of the differently cooked sunflower seed meal replaced soybean meal portion of control diet at 15, 30 and 45% to produce nine 40% crude protein, 18kj/kg test diets. A diet without sunflower meal served as the control. Triplicate groups of fish in 70-litre capacity aerated rectangular plastic tanks were alloted to each dietary treatment at a stocking rate of 15 fingerlings (3.72±0.22g average weight) per tank in a completely randomized design. Fish were fed to satiation. Data obtained from the experiment were subjected to statistical analysis. The results of the experiment revealed that up to 30% replacement level of 10- and 20-minutes cooked sunflower produced a statistically similar results with soybean-based control diets.

scholarly journals Total replacement of the soybean meal with extruded semi-whole soybean in the piglets feeding during the nursery phase

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 2759
Author(s):  
Maria Eliza Brumatti Galiardi ◽  
Jansller Luiz Genova ◽  
Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Isabela Ferreira Leal ◽  
Petrônio Pinheiro Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Total Replacement ◽  
Feed Digestibility

The objective of this study was to evaluate the total replacement of soybean meal (SM) with extruded semi-whole soybean (ESWS) and its effects on feed digestibility, growth performance, plasma urea concentration (PUC) and economic feasibility. In Experiment I, a digestibility assay was undertaken using 12 crossbred pigs with an initial average body weight (IABW) of 18.85 ± 0.69 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD), with two treatments (reference diet and replacement of 30% of the reference diet by ESWS), six replicates and one pig per experimental unit. Experiment II involved 64 crossbred piglets, entire males, with an IABW of 7.46 ± 0.55 kg, distributed in a CRD, with two treatments (a control diet containing SM and another in which ESWS replaced SM), eight replicates and four animals per experimental unit. The digestible contents of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy of ESWS were 91.26%, 42.21% and 4,629 kcal kg -1, and the digestibility coefficients were 92.33%, 96.49% and 91.21%, respectively. Experiment II data indicated an effect on the feed conversion (FC) in the total period, in which pigs fed SM presented better FC. The diets affected the PUC in the pre-starter II phase and the total period, with pigs fed SM showing higher PUC. The cost of feed per kilogram of live weight gain increased in the starter phase. ESWS does not change the DWG and ADFI of piglets but worsens both the FC in the total period and economic results.

scholarly journals Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and soy isoflavone supplementation on carcass cutability and meat quality of pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E Bryan ◽  
Brooke N Smith ◽  
Lauren T Honegger ◽  
Dustin D Boler ◽  
Ryan N Dilger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Soy Isoflavone ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Belly Quality

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection and dietary soy isoflavone (ISF) supplementation on carcass cutability and meat quality of commercial pigs. Barrows (21 d of age) were randomly allotted to experimental treatments that were maintained throughout the study: noninfected pigs received an ISF-devoid control diet (CON, n = 22) and infected pigs received either the control diet (PRRSV–CON, n = 20) or that supplemented with total ISF in excess of 1,500 mg/kg (PRRSV–ISF, n = 25). Pigs were penned by treatment, with six pigs within a pen. Following a 7-d adaptation, weanling pigs were inoculated once intranasally with either a sham-control (phosphate buffered saline [PBS]) or live PRRSV (1 × 105 tissue culture infective dose [TCID]50/mL, strain NADC20). Pigs were maintained on experimental diets for 166 d after inoculation and then slaughtered (192 or 194 d of age; approximately 120 kg body weight [BW]). At 1-d postmortem, left sides were separated between the 10th and 11th rib for the determination of loin eye area (LEA), backfat (BF) thickness, and loin quality (ultimate pH, instrumental color, drip loss, visual color, marbling, and firmness). Loin chops were aged 14 d postmortem prior to Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) determination. Belly width, length, thickness, and flop distance were determined. Data were analyzed as a one-way ANOVA with pig as the experimental unit. Carcass yield, LEA, BF, and estimated lean percentage did not differ (P &gt; 0.26) among treatments. Loins from CON pigs had increased ultimate pH (P = 0.01), reduced L* scores (P = 0.005) coupled with darker visual color scores (P = 0.004), were firmer (P &lt; 0.0001), and exhibited reduced drip loss (P = 0.01) compared with PRRSV–CON and PRRSV–ISF pigs. However, WBSF did not differ (P = 0.51) among treatments after 14 d of aging. Bellies from CON pigs were more firm compared with bellies from PRRSV–CON and ISF pigs (P &lt; 0.01). These data suggest PRRSV infection did not alter carcass characteristics but may have marginally reduced loin and belly quality. Supplementation with dietary soy isoflavones did nothing to mitigate the detrimental effects of PRRSV infection.

scholarly journals NAKED OATS (Avena nuda) WITH AND WITHOUT LYSINE SUPPLEMENTATION, FOR BOARS AND BARROWS: GROWTH, CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY, ENERGY AND NITROGEN METABOLISM

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
A. FORTIN ◽  
J. K. G. KRAMER ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
L. M. POSTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Naked Oats

Thirty-six boars and 36 barrows were fed four diets. The control was a fortified corn-soybean meal diet. Diets 50 L and 100 L were lysine-supplemented, and 48% and 95%, respectively, of the corn and soybean meal were replaced by Tibor naked oats. Diet 100 (unsupplemented) contained 95% naked oats. The diets were pelleted and given ad libitum to pigs housed three per pen. At a slaughter liveweight of approximately 90 kg, the left side of the carcass was used for carcass and meat quality examinations and samples were taken for fatty acid (FA) analysis. Additionally, 24 boars and 24 barrows were fed the four diets in a metabolism trial to determine metabolizable energy and nitrogen values. Daily gain by pigs fed Diet 100 was less (P < 0.01), and their times to market weight were 10 and 8 d longer, respectively, than pigs fed Diets 50 L and 100 L. Boars ate significantly less feed daily than barrows, and the rate of gain for boars was less and feed efficiency higher than for barrows. Total yield of lean meat was less (P < 0.05) from Diet 100 pigs than from those fed the other diets. The carcass index was higher (P < 0.05) for boars (106) than for barrows (102). The FA profile for the Tibor naked oats was very similar to that reported in a previous study even though the two crops were grown on different farms and 1 yr apart. Naked oats increased significantly the concentration of 18:1n–9 and 20:1 in the carcass backfat, but did not influence the quality of the loin muscle fat. An increased (P < 0.05) intensity of flavor in the pork loin roasts was associated with the naked oats diets. Boar roasts scored higher (P < 0.05) for juiciness than those from barrows; there was no difference in boar taint between the two sexes. The metabolizable energy value of the control diet was higher than those of the oats diets; significantly higher when corrected for N retained. Pigs fed Diet 100 L retained (P < 0.05) the most N (18.7 g d−1) and Diet 100 the least (15.8 g d−1). Nitrogen retention as a proportion of N intake was more (P < 0.05) for boars than for barrows. This study supported the inclusion of at least 48% naked oats in a diet for growing-finishing pigs. Key words: Boars, oats (naked), metabolism, carcass, fatty acids, meat quality

Performance of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets containing toasted or non-toasted canola meal

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
R. W. Newkirk
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Similar Weight

Eighty crossbred pigs (28.7 ± 3.9 kg BW) were assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a factorial design experiment (sex × treatment). The control diet was formulated using barley and soybean meal, while four experimental diets were formulated with either toasted or non-toasted canola meal replacing either half or all of the soybean meal in the test diets. The total glucosinolate content of the non-toasted meal was more than 15-fold higher than the to asted meal (1.01 vs. 15.58 µmol g-1). The principal glucosinolates in the non-toasted meal were 3-butenyl (3.05 µmol g-1), 2-OH-3-butenyl (5.47 µmol g-1) and 4-OH-3-methylindoyl (4.68 µmol g-1). Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for the toasted and non-toasted canola meal diets compared with the soybean meal diet. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in digestibility coefficients between the two canola meals. Digestibility coefficients were higher (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the diets in which canola meal supplied only 50% of the supplementary protein compared with diets in which 100% of the supplementary protein was supplied by canola meal. Pigs fed toasted canola meal had similar weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion (P > 0.05) as pigs fed soybean meal while pigs fed non-toasted canola meal had lower weight gain and feed intake (P < 0.05) than pigs fed soybean meal. Feed conversion was unaffected by dietary treatment (P > 0.05). There were no significant effects (P < 0.05) due to diet on any carcass trait. The overall results of this experiment indicate that omitting the desolventization/toasting procedure from the process involved in the production of canola meal did not result in an improvement in the performance of pigs fed diets containing canola meal. Key words: Pigs, canola meal, performance, digestibility, carcass, toasting

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