Substrate-Borne Vibrational Communication in the Vector of Apple Proliferation Disease Cacopsylla picta (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 596-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Oppedisano ◽  
Jernej Polajnar ◽  
Rok Kostanjšek ◽  
Antonio De Cristofaro ◽  
Claudio Ioriatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Apple Proliferation ◽  
Cacopsylla Picta ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
New Information ◽  
Microscopy Investigation ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
Vibrational Signals

Abstract Cacopsylla picta (Förster, 1848) (Hemiptera: Pysllidae) is the main vector of apple proliferation, a phytoplasma-caused disease. It represents one of the most severe problems in apple orchards, and therefore, there is a mandatory requirement to chemically treat against this pest in the European Union. Sexual communication using substrate-borne vibrations was demonstrated in several psyllid species. Here, we report the characteristics of the vibrational signals emitted by C. picta during courtship behavior. The pair formation process can be divided into two main phases: identification and courtship. Females initiate the communication on the host plant by emitting trains of vibrational pulses and, during courtship, if males reply, by emitting a signal consisting of a series of pre-pulses and a ‘buzz’, a duet is established. Moreover, a scanning electron microscopy investigation showed the presence of a stridulatory structure on the thorax and wings of both sexes, whereas the video recordings elucidated associated wing movement. The results provide new information about the biology of this phytoplasma vector and could form a basis of an environmentally friendly pest management strategy.

Young children as playwrights and their participation in classroom peer culture of sociodramatic play

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-242
Author(s):  
Shelley Stagg Peterson ◽  
Soon Young Jang ◽  
Christina Tjandra
Keyword(s):  
Grocery Store ◽  
Dramatic Play ◽  
Peer Culture ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
Sociodramatic Play ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
New Information ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Dramatic Play Center

In this study, analysis of video recordings of 5-year-old children’s use of language and nonverbal modes of communication (e.g. gaze, action, gesture, and proximity) is used to examine how children contribute to sociodramatic play narratives and participate in the classroom peer culture. In their dramatic play at a restaurant play center and at a grocery store dramatic play center, eight focus children took up narrative playwright roles, where they contributed to the narrative of the dramatic play, mainly by expressing their own needs and by making connections or providing information to their peers. Children took up intervening playwright roles, in which they changed the direction of the narrative, changed or suggested a change of role, or assigned a new role to an object, most frequently by expressing desires or by providing new information. Dramatic play provided an authentic context for the children to try out various social strategies and to observe how others responded to their efforts, in order to position themselves in desirable ways within the classroom social network. Children took up powerful roles through frequency of participation and through directing others’ actions and maintaining the use of desired objects when continuing the play narrative by taking up narrative playwright roles. In addition, they used humor and made imaginative suggestions for roles and plots when taking up intervening playwright roles where they introduced new characters, roles for objects, and plots. Our research provides examples of peers teaching each other in dramatic play through the responses they give to each other and through modeling social approaches that allow them to fulfill desired social purposes and take up powerful social roles in the peer network.

scholarly journals Female adult puncture-induced plant volatiles promote mating success of the pea leafminer via enhancing vibrational signals

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1767) ◽  
pp. 20180318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ge ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Junnan Yang ◽  
Jianing Wei ◽  
Le Kang
Keyword(s):  
Mating Success ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Green Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Mate Location ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Induced Plant Volatiles ◽  
Vibrational Signals ◽  
Behavioural Tests ◽  
Species Specific

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) synergize with the sex pheromones of herbivorous insects to facilitate mate location. However, the synergism of HIPVs and acoustic signals for sexual communication remains unknown. Here, we investigated the synergy between HIPVs and vibrational duets for sexual communication and mating in the pea leafminer ( Liriomyza huidobrensis ). Our results indicated that adult leafminers do not produce species-specific pheromone, and female-puncture-induced plant volatiles facilitate the attraction of both sexes to host plant leaves and sexual encounters. Insect-derived cues do not participate in mate locations. Both sexes do not produce qualitatively different cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), and CHCs from females cannot elicit the antennal and behavioural responses of males. By contrast, induced green leaf volatiles, terpenoids and oximes elicit dramatic antennal responses in both sexes. Electrophysiological and behavioural tests consistently showed that the volatiles (Z)-3-hexenol and (Z)-3-hexenyl-acetate elicited the most intense gas chromatographic-electroantennographic responses, and attracted males and females. Remarkably, these volatiles significantly promoted the occurrence of vibrational duets between the sexes, thereby increasing the mating success of leafminers. Therefore, the synergism of HIPVs and vibrational signals largely promoted the mating success of leafminers, suggesting an alternative control strategy through precision trapping for non-pheromone-producing insects. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management’.

scholarly journals The analysis of approaches to conducting bioequivalence studies and the policy of “transparency” of their results in Ukraine, the United States and the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
О.S. Popov ◽  
І.V. Kravchenko ◽  
V.Ye. Dоbrоvа ◽  
K.M. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Drug Registration ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Mandatory Requirement

Providing the population of Ukraine with quality, effective and, at the same time, economically affordable medicines is a priority task of the healthcare system. Taking into account the relatively low cost of their development generic drugs are available to the majority of the country’s population; thus, bioequivalence studies are needed to obtain data on their efficacy and safety. Ukraine is currently in the process of harmonizing domestic regulatory requirements for generic drugs and conducting bioequivalence studies with global ones. Therefore, it is important to find out the differences in approaches to the registration of generics and studies of their bioequivalence in Ukraine and other countries. Another important aspect is to provide the policy of “transparency” of bioequivalence research results, which contributes to the use of better drugs. Aim. To analyze domestic and global approaches to the organization of the bioequivalence research and provide the policy of “transparency” of their results. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of approaches to drug registration, requirements for generic drugs and bioequivalence studies and ways to provide the policy of “transparency” of their results in Ukraine, the United States and the European Union was conducted. Results. The analysis has revealed that the methods of registration of drugs in Ukraine, the United States and the EU are the same. Approaches to providing the “transparency” of the results of bioequivalence studies differ since in Ukraine the publication of such information is not mandatory and is at the discretion of pharmaceutical manufacturers. Conclusions. Domestic regulatory requirements for assessing generic drugs are harmonized with the world ones. Today, there is a need to introduce a mandatory requirement for the publication of bioequivalence studies, and it will contribute to providing an effective “transparency” policy.

scholarly journals The masked seducers: Lek courtship behavior in the wrinkle-faced bat Centurio senex (Phyllostomidae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241063
Author(s):  
Bernal Rodríguez-Herrera ◽  
Ricardo Sánchez-Calderón ◽  
Victor Madrigal-Elizondo ◽  
Paulina Rodríguez ◽  
Jairo Villalobos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Hard Seeds ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
Wing Tips

Centurio senex is an iconic bat characterized by a facial morphology deviating far from all other New World Leaf Nosed Bats (Phyllostomidae). The species has a bizarrely wrinkled face and lacks the characteristic nose leaf. Throughout its distribution from Mexico to Northern South America the species is most of the time rarely captured and only scarce information on its behavior and natural history is available. Centurio senex is frugivorous and one of the few bats documented to consume also hard seeds. Interestingly, the species shows a distinct sexual dimorphism: Adult males have more pronounced facial wrinkles than females and a fold of skin under the chin that can be raised in style of a face mask. We report the first observations on echolocation and mating behavior of Centurio senex, including synchronized audio and video recordings from an aggregation of males in Costa Rica. Over a period of 6 weeks we located a total of 53 perches, where during the first half of the night males were hanging with raised facial masks at a mean height of 2.35 m. Most of the time, the males moved just their wing tips, and spontaneously vocalized in the ultrasound range. Approaches of other individuals resulted in the perching male beating its wings and emitting a very loud, low frequency whistling call. Following such an encounter we recorded a copulation event. The observed aggregation of adult C. senex males is consistent with lek courtship, a behavior described from only few other bat species.

scholarly journals E-HEALTH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLE. COMMENTS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF POLISH LAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Leszek Sobieski
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Care Services ◽  
New Information ◽  
Subsidiarity Principle ◽  
Information And Communication

In the article an attempt was made to present the assumptions of Polish legislative solutions concerning e-health in the context of one of the basic principles of European philosophical and legal thought – the principle of subsidiarity. The principle of subsidiarity, the essence of which is to leave it to the political communities to carry out tasks for which they can take responsibility, has been incorporated into the legislation of nation states and the European Union, determiningthe identity of European civilisation. Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland are an example of the translation of the subsidiarity principle into legal norms. Attention has been paid to the possibility of decentralising and delegating competences to lower levels of public authority in the field of health, using or amending the e-health legislation accordingly. Appropriate division of tasks and competences in the area of health care, taking into account the subsidiarity principle, can be observed at both national and EU level. European Union law recognises the autonomy of the Member States to define national health regulations. On the basis of selected national and EU regulations, a definition of e-health has been proposed, understood as a set of provisions within the health care system regulating the collection, processing of data and provision of health care services in order to identify and optimise the satisfaction of individual and collective health needs as well as to pursue an effective health policy by public authorities. The basic assumptions of key national and EU legal acts are also indicated. On the basis of the solutions adopted in the Act on Health Care Services Financed from Public Funds, the formal possibility of delegating and effective performance of tasks has been demonstrated in the field of health protection by local government units. New information and communication technologies provide the basis for a more complete implementation of the subsidiarity principle in health protection, as they enable the necessary knowledge on the collective and individual health needs at European, national and any other expected level – regional, population, age to be gathered and transferred. They are a tool, previously unavailable, for the precise identification of the needs of separated communities. On the other hand, new technologies can be a tool for communities to meet these needs to the extent that they are able to provide organisational and financial security. The combination of new information and communication technologies with the application of a systematic concept of tasks implementation based on the principle of subsidiarity will allow for a change in the model of health care in Poland.

12. Digital Policy-Making in the European Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 275-296
Author(s):  
Abraham L. Newman
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Private Governance ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
New Information ◽  
Transgovernmental Networks ◽  
Governance Modes

Digital technologies are transforming European societies, politics, and markets. Since the 1970s, the European Union has attempted to navigate these pressures through a package of digital policy-making. These efforts have targeted the dual missions of pan-European market-making, as well as market correction. Relying on a host of governance modes including the regulatory method, policy coordination, incorporated transgovernmental networks, and private governance, the European Union has tried to steer the new information society so as to both spur market growth and protect citizens against abuse. The ultimate success of these efforts has been encumbered by the overall complexity of the sector, where policy efforts quickly bleed over into other issue areas, such as competition policy and justice and home affairs, and have international consequences. Digital policy-making in Europe faces considerable challenges ahead, as EU institutions grapple with the rise of platform companies, disinformation campaigns, and transatlantic disputes over data privacy and the market power of US-based technology companies.

scholarly journals Molecular diagnostics reveal spiders that exploit prey vibrational signals used in sexual communication

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2204-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
META VIRANT-DOBERLET ◽  
R. ANDREW KING ◽  
JERNEJ POLAJNAR ◽  
WILLIAM O. C. SYMONDSON
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Vibrational Signals

scholarly journals Creative economy: Exploring the concept and European perspective

Skola biznisa ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 142-172
Author(s):  
Žarko Đorić
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
New Information ◽  
Information And Communication

In recent times, our environment and the way we produce and consume cultural goods and services are changing radically due to the strong influence of globalization, faster communication channels, global connectivity and the implementation of new information and communication technologies. In the conditions of convergence of economic, social, cultural and technological changes, the importance of strengthening creative potentials and capacities to achieve economic and other gains is very much recognized, so new development strategies are needed in this area. In such circumstances, the concept of "creative and cultural economy" is popularized worldwide as the interface between culture, economics and technology. Our world is increasingly dominated by images, sounds, symbols and ideas that create new jobs, wealth and new culture. Because of this, economic development can no longer be considered unilaterally, only through the accumulation of economic capital, but as a three-dimensional space whose dimensions are the size, structure, and the change in the relationship between economic and creative resources. In this paper, the author deals with theoretical and applied aspects of the creative economy development. The obtained results indicate a significant economic potential that the creative economy brings within the European Union, primarily in terms of employment and contribution of enterprises within the creative sector. The research aims to interpret data, describe facts, processes, and objects and empirically confirm their connections and relationships using a descriptive method and a compilation method.

scholarly journals Sexually dimorphic venom proteins in long-jawed orb-weaving spiders (Tetragnatha) with potential roles in sexual interactions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela A Zobel-Thropp ◽  
Emily A Bulger ◽  
Matthew H J Cordes ◽  
Greta J Binford ◽  
Rosemary G Gillespie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Dietary Specialization ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Locking Mechanism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ecological Success ◽  
And Function

Venom has been associated with the ecological success of many groups of organisms, most notably reptiles, gastropods, and arachnids. In some cases, diversification has been directly linked to tailoring of venoms for dietary specialization. Spiders in particular are known for their diverse venoms and wide range of predatory behaviors, although there is much to learn about scales of variation in venom composition and function. The current study focuses on venom characteristics in different sexes within a species of spider. We chose the genus Tetragnatha (Tetragnathidae) because of its unusual courtship behavior involving interlocking of the venom delivering chelicerae (i.e., the jaws), and several species in the genus are already known to have sexually dimorphic venoms. Here, we use transcriptome and proteome analyses to identify venom components that are dimorphic in Tetragnatha versicolor. We present cDNA sequences of unique high molecular weight proteins that are only present in males and that have remote, if any, detectable similarity to known venom components in spiders or other venomous lineages and several have no detectable homologs in existing databases. While the function of these proteins is not known, their presence in association with the cheliceral locking mechanism during mating together with the presence of prolonged male-male mating attempts in a related, cheliceral-locking species (Doryonychus raptor) lacking the dimorphism suggests potential for a role in sexual communication.

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