Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Among Infants, Toddlers, and Children in Western Burkina Faso: Results From a Clinical Trial of Alternative Immunization Schedules

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C Moïsi ◽  
Seydou Yaro ◽  
Sita S Kroman ◽  
Clarisse Gouem ◽  
Dramane Bayane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso ◽  
Western Burkina Faso

Abstract Background Many African countries have introduced pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into their routine immunization program to reduce the burden of morbidity and death that results from Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, yet immunogenicity and reactogenicity data from the region are limited for the 2 available PCV products. Methods We conducted a randomized trial of 13-valent PCV (PCV13) in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Infants received 3 doses of PCV at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age or at 6 weeks, 14 weeks, and 9 months of age; toddlers received 2 doses 2 months apart or 1 dose beginning at 12 to 15 months of age; and children received 1 dose between 2 and 4 years of age. We measured each participant’s serotype-specific serum immunoglobulin G concentration and opsonophagocytic activity before and after vaccination. For each age group, we compared immune responses between study arms and between the standard schedule in our study and the PCV13-licensing trials. Results In total, 280 infants, 302 toddlers, and 81 children were assigned randomly and underwent vaccination; 268, 235, and 77 of them completed follow-up, respectively. PCV13 resulted in low reactogenicity in all the study arms. The vaccine elicited a strong primary immune response in infants after 2 or more doses and in children aged 1 to 4 years after 1 dose. Infants who received a booster dose exhibited a robust memory response. Immunogenicity was higher than or comparable to that observed in the PCV13-licensing trials for a majority of serotypes in all 3 age groups. Conclusions PCV13 has a satisfactory immunogenicity and reactogenicity profile in this population. Our findings will help support decision making by countries regarding their infant and catch-up vaccination schedules.

scholarly journals Impact of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Pneumococcal Meningitis, Burkina Faso, 2016–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S253-S262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi M Soeters ◽  
Dinanibè Kambiré ◽  
Guetawendé Sawadogo ◽  
Rasmata Ouédraogo-Traoré ◽  
Brice Bicaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In 2013, Burkina Faso introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into the routine childhood immunization program, to be administered to children at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age. We evaluated the impact of PCV13 on pneumococcal meningitis. Methods Using nationwide surveillance, we gathered demographic/clinical information and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results for meningitis cases. Pneumococcal cases were confirmed by culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or latex agglutination; strains were serotyped using PCR. We compared annual incidence (cases per 100 000) 4 years after PCV13’s introduction (2017) to average pre-PCV13 incidence (2011–2013). We adjusted incidence for age and proportion of cases with CSF tested at national laboratories. Results In 2017, pneumococcal meningitis incidence was 2.7 overall and 10.5 (<1 year), 3.8 (1–4 years), 3.5 (5–14 years), and 1.4 (≥15 years) by age group. Compared to 2011–2013, PCV13-serotype incidence was significantly lower among all age groups, with the greatest decline among children aged <1 year (77%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 65%–84%). Among all ages, the drop in incidence was larger for PCV13 serotypes excluding serotype 1 (79%; 95% CI, 72%–84%) than for serotype 1 (52%; 95% CI, 44%–59%); incidence of non-PCV13 serotypes also declined (53%; 95% CI, 37%–65%). In 2017, 45% of serotyped cases among all ages were serotype 1 and 12% were other PCV13 serotypes. Conclusions In Burkina Faso, meningitis caused by PCV13 serotypes continues to decrease, especially among young children. However, the concurrent decline in non-PCV13 serotypes and short pre-PCV13 observation period complicate evaluation of PCV13’s impact. Efforts to improve control of serotype 1, such as switching from a 3 + 0 schedule to a 2 + 1 schedule, may improve overall control of pneumococcal meningitis in this setting.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against medically-attended lower respiratory tract infection and pneumonia among older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Lewnard ◽  
Katia J Bruxvoort ◽  
Heidi Fischer ◽  
Vennis X Hong ◽  
Lindsay R Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Before And After

Importance: In 2014, the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) extended existing pneumococcal vaccination recommendations for adults aged ≥65 years to include 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), primarily to prevent non-bacteremic pneumonia. Objective: To determine PCV13 effectiveness against all-cause inpatient plus outpatient medically-attended lower-respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and pneumonia among US older adults. Design: Prospective, open cohort study following participants from 2016 to 2019. We conducted analyses in a self-matched framework, comparing outcomes during participants' follow-up periods before and after receipt of PCV13. Setting: Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) integrated healthcare delivery system. Participants: Adults aged ≥65 years who received PCV13 between 2016-2019. Exposures: Receipt of PCV13 at ages ≥65 years, concordant with ACIP guidelines. Main outcomes and measures: We estimated the adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) for first LRTI and pneumonia episodes during each respiratory season, comparing PCV13-exposed and PCV13-unexposed time at risk for each participant using a self-matched inference framework. We computed aHR estimates using Cox proportional hazards models. We defined vaccine effectiveness (VE) as (1-aHR)*100%. We also estimated PCV13-attributable absolute reductions in incidence of LRTI and pneumonia. Results: Observations were available both before and after PCV13 receipt for 42,700 participants. Among these individuals, 1,419 experienced LRTI and 969 experienced pneumonia over approximately 26,000 combined years of follow-up before PCV13 receipt; 3,849 experienced LRTI and 2,727 experienced pneumonia over approximately 74,000 combined years of follow-up after PCV13 receipt. In adjusted analyses, VE was 9.5% (95% confidence interval: 2.2% to 16.3%) against all-cause medically-attended LRTI and 8.8% (-0.2% to 17.0%) against all-cause medically-attended pneumonia. In contrast, we did not identify evidence of protection against LRTI and pneumonia following receipt of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. We estimated that PCV13 prevented 0.7 (0.2 to 1.4) and 0.5 (0.0 to 1.0) cases of LRTI and pneumonia, respectively, per 100 vaccinated persons annually. Over a five-year time horizon, one case of LRTI and pneumonia, respectively, was prevented for every 27 (14 to 116) and 42 (-97 to 268) individuals receiving PCV13. Conclusions and relevance: PCV13 vaccination among older adults reduced the burden of medically-attended respiratory illness in this population.

Change in Bacterial Causes of Community-Acquired Parapneumonic Effusion and Pleural Empyema in Children 6 Years After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Implementation

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Madhi ◽  
Corinne Levy ◽  
Laurence Morin ◽  
Philippe Minodier ◽  
François Dubos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
Parapneumonic Effusion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A

AbstractWe describe here changes in the bacterial causes of pleural empyema before and after implementation of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) program in France (2009–2017). For 220 (39.3%) of 560 children, a bacterial cause was found. The frequency of pneumococcal infection decreased during the study from 79.1% in 2009 to 36.4% in 2017 (P < .001). Group A streptococcus is now the leading cause of documented empyema (45.5%).

scholarly journals 964Seroepidemiology of Pediatric Pneumococcal Colonization and Infection Before and After 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S280-S281
Author(s):  
Douglas Swanson ◽  
Christopher Harrison ◽  
R. Scott Duncan ◽  
Chris Paap ◽  
Laura Puzniak
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pneumococcal Colonization

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine impact assessment in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah H. Baqui ◽  
Eric D. McCollum ◽  
Samir K. Saha ◽  
Arun K. Roy ◽  
Nabidul H. Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

The study examines the impact of the introduction of 10-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV10) into Bangladesh’s national vaccine program. PCV10 is administered to children under 1 year-old; the scheduled ages of administration are at 6, 10, and 18 weeks. The study is conducted in ~770,000 population containing ~90,000 <5 children in Sylhet, Bangladesh and has five objectives: 1) To collect data on community-based pre-PCV incidence rates of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) in 0-59 month-old children in Sylhet, Bangladesh; 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of PCV10 introduction on Vaccine Type (VT) IPD in 3-59 month-old children using an incident case-control study design. Secondary aims include measuring the effects of PCV10 introduction on all IPD in 3-59 month-old children using case-control study design, and quantifying the emergence of Non Vaccine Type IPD; 3) To evaluate the effectiveness of PCV10 introduction on chest radiograph-confirmed pneumonia in children 3-35 months old using incident case-control study design. We will estimate the incidence trend of clinical and radiologically-confirmed pneumonia in 3-35 month-old children in the study area before and after introduction of PCV10; 4) To determine the feasibility and utility of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia in a large sample of children in a resource-limited setting. We will also evaluate the effectiveness of PCV10 introduction on ultrasound-confirmed pneumonia in 3-35 month-old children using an incident case-control design and to examine the incidence trend of ultrasound-confirmed pneumonia in 3-35 month-old children in the study area before and after PCV10 introduction; and 5) To determine the direct and indirect effects of vaccination status on nasopharyngeal colonization on VT pneumococci among children with pneumonia.  This paper presents the methodology. The study will allow us to conduct a comprehensive and robust assessment of the impact of national introduction of PCV10 on pneumococcal disease in Bangladesh.

Lower respiratory infections mortality among Brazilians under-five before and after national pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation

Vaccine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2559-2565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Camargos ◽  
Cristiana M. Nascimento-Carvalho ◽  
Renato Teixeira ◽  
Elisabeth França
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Before And After
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