Research: why and how?

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter sets the scene of the book and provides a rationale for why research should be done. It begins with a definition of research and continues with a brief historical overview of medical research. The pivotal role of research in everyday medical practice is explained. The key databases containing published peer-reviewed articles related to clinical medicine and healthcare are detailed. The three major goals of research (description, explanation and prediction) are outlined. This chapter further focuses on the principles of the scientific method, its characteristics and main steps. Several classifications of the types of research are also presented. Bradford-Hill's proposed criteria for causality are also outlined. The hierarchy of research evidence and the corresponding levels of recommendations are also presented.

Proof, Science, and the Practice of Medicine

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-818
Author(s):  
Michael S. Kramer ◽  
I. B. Pless
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Hard Evidence ◽  
Informed Opinion ◽  
Principal Criterion

We read with surprise and considerable alarm Dr Crook's editorial concerning the role of scientific proof in medical practice. Unfortunately, he appears to confound the admittedly problematic philosophical construct of "proof" with the basic tenets of the scientific method. It is one thing to argue that scientific proof is difficult to define, but quite another to then conclude that opinion, even enlightened and informed opinion, is preferable to hard evidence as the principal criterion for assessing the efficacy of medical treatment.

SWEET SAWBERRY (Comarum Palustre L.) IN MEDICAL PRACTICE (literature review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Platonov ◽  
Aleksandr Hadarcev ◽  
Elena Belyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
General Description ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Comarum Palustre ◽  
Practice Literature ◽  
Active Substances

The review substantiates the use of biologically active substances of plant origin, derived from marsh saber, common on the territory of Russia – in various sections of clinical medicine. The General description and zones of its distribution, possibilities of extraction of Sabel-nick rhizomes are given. The chemical composition was charac-terized and the role of proanthocyanidins in the anti-inflammatory effects of sabelnik was clarified. The possibility of obtaining various medicinal forms of drugs from the rhizomes of sabelnik is shown. A well-known range of applications in medical practice for lesions of the musculoskeletal system, arthrosis and arthritis, nephropathy, after transurethral resection of the prostate, etc.

The ‘reasonable patient’ of 2025 envisioned (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Dowie ◽  
Mette Kjer Kaltoft
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Uk Supreme Court ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Made In

UNSTRUCTURED . The verdict of the UK Supreme court in the case of Bellman versus Boojum-Snark Integrated Care Trust (2025) will have profound implications for all medical practice, medical education and medical research, as well as the regulation of medicine and allied healthcare fields. Major changes will result from the judgment made in favour of Bellman’s negligence claim, reflecting an expanded and more precise definition of informed and preference-based consent, compared with that in Montgomery (2015) and also with the principles laid out in the UK GMC guidance on Decision Making and Consent (2020). (In case of doubt, this is a vision paper.)

scholarly journals Causality in medicine: the case of tumours and viruses

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1404) ◽  
pp. 1831-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Vonka
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Special Case

Clarification of the aetiology of chronic human diseases such as atherosclerosis or cancer is one of the dominant topics in contemporary medical research. It is believed that identification of the causal factors will enable more efficient prevention and diagnosis of these diseases and, in some instances, also permit more effective therapy. The task is difficult because of the multistep and multifactorial origin of these diseases. A special case in contemporary aetiological studies is definition of the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of human cancer. Virus–associated cancer develops only in a small minority of infected subjects, which implies that, if the virus does play a role in the pathogenesis of the malignancy, other factors must also be involved. In this paper the author attempts to review the present methodological approaches to aetiological studies of chronic diseases, discusses the role of criteria for identifying causal relationships and proposes guidelines that might help to determine the role of viruses in human cancer.

Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Medical Research

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
J. D. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valve ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mechanism Of Failure ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Scanning Electron

When the transmission electron microscope was commercially introduced a few years ago, it was heralded as one of the most significant aids to medical research of the century. It continues to occupy that niche; however, the scanning electron microscope is gaining rapidly in relative importance as it fills the gap between conventional optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.IBM Boulder is conducting three major programs in cooperation with the Colorado School of Medicine. These are the study of the mechanism of failure of the prosthetic heart valve, the study of the ultrastructure of lung tissue, and the definition of the function of the cilia of the ventricular ependyma of the brain.

The role of computers in medical research

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 196 (11) ◽  
pp. 944-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document