The Importance of the Setting in Meeting Regression in Psycho-Analysis

2016 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
As If ◽  
The Way

In this seminar, Winnicott describes his personal views in relation to meeting the condition of clinical regression in psychoanalysis. Winnicott reminds his students that he accepts the basic principles of psychoanalysis as laid down by Freud but adds that, in some cases, the psychoanalytic setting and the careful maintenance of that setting (reliability and management) are as important as the way the analyst deals verbally with the material. He suggests that in this kind of work with regressed patients it is as if the patient gradually seduces the analyst into collusion with the infant within the patient, the infant who received inadequate attention at the earliest stages. The patient is not there to work in a productive way with the analyst, except when the analyst provides these necessary conditions.

Is God Really in History?

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-390
Author(s):  
Frederick Sontag
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If ◽  
The Way

For some time it seemed as if Christianity itself required us to say that ‘God is in history’. Of course, even to speak of ‘history’ is to reveal a bias for eighteenth- and nineteenth-century forms of thought. But the justification for talking about the Christian God in this way is the doctrine of the incarnation. The centre of the Christian claim is that Jesus is God's representation in history, although we need not go all the way to a full trinitarian interpretation of the relationship between God and Jesus. Thus, the issue is not so much whether God can appear or has appeared within, or entered into, human life as it is a question of what categories we use to represent this. To what degree is God related to the sphere of human events? Whatever our answer, we need periodically to re-examine the way we speak about God to be sure the forms we use have not become misleading.

Heart disease and gender in mass print media

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Juanne Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Achieving ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Developed World ◽  
As If ◽  
The Way

Heart disease is a major cause of death, disease and disability in the developed world for both men and women. Nevertheless, the evidence suggests that women are under-diagnosed both because they fail to visit the doctor with relevant symptoms and because doctors tend to dismiss the seriousness of women's symptoms of heart disease. This study examines the way that popular mass print media present the possible links between gender and heart disease. The findings suggest that the ‘usual candidates’ for heart disease are considered to be high achieving and active men for whom the ‘heart attack’ is sometimes seen as a ‘badge of honour’ and a symbol of their success. In contrast, women are less often seen as likely to succumb, but they are portrayed as if they are and ought to be worried about their husbands. Women's own bodies are described as so problematic as to be perhaps useless to diagnose, because they are so difficult to understand and treat.

scholarly journals REKONSTRUKSI IJTIHĀD DALAM ILMU UṢŪL AL-FIQH

Al-Ahkam ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Rokhmadi Rokhmadi
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Way

<p>Al-Qur’an and Sunnah, needs of understanding and extracting optimally, so that the contents of law can be applied for the benefit of people. The way- to understand and to extract the contents in these two sources- called <em>ijtihād</em>. Thus, <em>ijtihād</em> is needed on <em>istinbāṭ</em> of law from many arguments of the texts (<em>naṣ</em>), eventhough it is <em>qaṭ’ī</em> in which the uṣūliyyūn have agreed that it is not the area for re-extracting to the law (<em>ijtihādiyyah</em>). The problem in this case is that even a <em>qaṭ’ī</em> argument according to the most of uṣūliyyūn has not been <em>qaṭ’ī</em> argument in the other <em>uṣūliyyūn</em> opinion. Reconstruction of <em>ijtihād</em> becomes an alternative, with some considerations: <em>First</em>, weight and tightening the requirements to become a mujtahid, which is almost impossible controlled by someone at the present time; <em>Second</em>, the increasing complexity of the problems faced by the ummat which is very urgent to get the solution; <em>Third</em>, let the period without <em>ijtihād</em> (vacuum of mujtahid) is contrary to the basic principles of Islamic law are always <em>sāliḥ li kulli</em> <em>zamān wa makān</em>. This paper present to discuss further about the urgency of the reconstruction of <em>ijtihād</em> in the challenge of modernity.</p><p>***</p><p>Al-Qur<ins cite="mailto:hasan" datetime="2015-02-17T11:11">’</ins>an maupun <ins cite="mailto:hasan" datetime="2015-02-17T11:11">s</ins>unnah sangat membutuhkan pemahaman dan penggalian secara optimal agar isi kandungan hukumnya dapat diterapkan bagi kemaslahatan umat. Cara untuk menggali dan mengeluarkan isi kandungan yang ada dalam kedua sumber tersebut dinamakan <em>ijtihād</em>. <em>Ijtihād</em> sangat dibutuhkan pada setiap <em>isti<ins cite="mailto:muthohar" datetime="2015-01-29T05:30">n</ins><del cite="mailto:muthohar" datetime="2015-01-29T05:30"></del>bāṭ </em>hukum dari dalil <em>naṣ</em>, sekalipun dalil <em>naṣ</em> tersebut bersifat <em>qaṭ'ī</em> yang oleh para <em>uṣūliyyūn</em> sudah di­sepakati tidak menjadi wilayah untuk dijitihadi lagi. Permasalahannya adalah bahwa sesuatu dalil <em>naṣ</em> yang sudah bersifat <em>qaṭ'ī</em> sekalipun oleh sebagian besar <em>uṣūliyyūn</em>, belum tentu dipandang <em>qaṭ'ī</em> oleh sebagian <em>uṣūliyyūn</em> yang lain. Rekonstruksi <em>ijtihād</em> menjadi se­buah alternatif, dengan beberapa pertimbangan: <em>Pertama</em>, berat dan ketatnya persyaratan-persyaratan menjadi seorang mujtahid, yang hampir tidak mungkin di­kuasai oleh seseorang pada masa sekarang; <em>Kedua</em>, semakin kompleksnya per­masalah­an yang dihadapi oleh ummat yang sangat mendesak untuk mendapatkan solusi; <em>Ketiga</em>, membiarkan satu periode tanpa <em>ijtihād</em> (kevakuman mujtahid) adalah bertentangan dengan prinsip dasar hukum Islam yang selalu <em>sāliḥ li kulli zamān wa makān. </em>Tulisan ini hadir untuk mendiskusikan lebih jauh tentang urgensi rekonstruksi <em>ijtihād</em> dalam menghadapi tantangan modernitas.</p><p>***</p><p>Keywords: <em>ijtihād</em><em>, qaṭ'ī, ẓannī</em><em>, uṣūl al-fiqh</em></p>

scholarly journals Terminology: Aboutness, Representation, and Metasemantics

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Herman Cappelen ◽  
Josh Dever
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
As If ◽  
The Way

This short chapter does two things. First, it shows that in fact workers in AI frequently talk as if AI systems express contents. We present the argument that the complex nature of the actions and communications of AI systems, even if they are very different from the complex behaviours of human beings, and the way they have ‘aboutness’, strongly suggest a contentful interpretation of those actions and communications. It then introduces some philosophical terminology that captures various aspects of language use, such as the ones in the title, to better make clear what one is saying—philosophically speaking—when one claims AI systems communicate, and to provide a vocabulary for the next few chapters.

Academic Reputation, or Voluntary Epistemic Servitude

Reputation ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 216-240
Author(s):  
Gloria Origgi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Academic Reputation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The University ◽  
As If ◽  
The Way

This chapter presents case studies of the way reputations are built at the university. If there is an institution that feeds on reputation, it is the academy. Prestige, notoriety, standing, and reputation reign supreme within its halls. Professors and scholars are not only more motivated by symbolic rewards than by economic interest. They also spend a great deal of time designing institutions whose primary purpose is the creation, maintenance, and evaluation of each other's reputation and eminence. Such rankings are sometimes even treated as if they were the most dependable hallmarks of the truth itself. The chapter shows how the very idea of an academic reputation changed radically after new systems for calibrating reputations came into their own.

“Things in Themselves”

2020 ◽  
pp. 341-364
Author(s):  
Rita McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
As If ◽  
The Way ◽  
Music Manuscript

Hidden in the composer’s archives is a series of little music-manuscript notebooks, a bit battered, as if they had been in and out of Prokofiev’s pockets. These he carried around with him, jotting down musical ideas as and when they occurred to him. The contents of such notebooks can reveal quite special aspects of their creator, exposing facets of the imagination which may well lie below the threshold of even that creator’s consciousness. Are the themes notated boldly in ink or tentatively in pencil? How important are indications of tempo or dynamics in comparison with pitches, meters, rhythms, or key signatures? What kind of second thoughts appeared at this early stage? Above all, what are the characteristics that make these themes so distinctively, unmistakably Prokofiev? This study of his thematic sketches opens up entirely new insights into the way he thought, what his compositional priorities were, and how he expressed himself to himself.

Geology Emerges as a Science

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-33
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Ervin-Blankenheim
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Charles Lyell ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Principles Of Geology ◽  
The Way

This chapter and the next one cover the way in which geology came to be a science in its own right, spanning the early centuries of geology. Lives of crucial individual scientists from the sixteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century are discussed by relating the stories and discoveries of each, commencing with Leonardo da Vinci and continuing with the European geologists, including Nicholaus Steno, Abraham Werner, James Hutton, Charles Lyell, and early fossilists such as Etheldred Benet. Steno, Werner, Hutton and Lyell, and other early geologists revealed and wrote about the basic principles of geology, painstakingly untangling and piecing together the threads of the Earth’s vast history. They made sense of jumbled sequences of rocks, which had undergone dramatic changes since they were formed, and discerned the significance of fossils, found in environments seemingly incongruous to where the creatures once lived, as ancient forms of life. They set the stage for further research on the nature of the Earth and life on it, providing subsequent generations of geologists and those who study the Earth the basis on which to refine and flesh out the biography of the Earth.

Structural Doubleness and Repetition

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-92
Author(s):  
Kent Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Twelfth Night ◽  
John Lyly ◽  
Sympathetic Influence ◽  
As If ◽  
The Way

Chapter 2, treating comic doubleness as a structural matter, explores the way scenes, actions, and plot lines reflect each other, as if to create an uncanny closed circuit or dream-world. Those reflections call up a long-standing critical recognition of ‘magical parallelisms,’ such as between the story lines of Viola and Sebastian, that express the Renaissance fascination with analogy and with occult theories of sympathetic influence. Within the play, structural doublings create affects ranging from enervation and frustrated desires, to a premonition of fatedness and converging destinies, to the agitation of manically accelerated action, to the liberating recognition of differences with in repetitions. Focusing on Twelfth Night, this chapter considers how the play creates the sense of a numinous but opaque providentialism, features that it also finds in other Shakespearean, Italian, and Tudor plays, including those of John Lyly.

‘The Kinge and His Cubbs’ in Peril

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Nadine Akkerman
Keyword(s):  
Blow Up ◽  
Religious Toleration ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Spending Patterns ◽  
Gunpowder Plot ◽  
Sir Walter Raleigh ◽  
As If ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines Elizabeth Stuart's ledger to show how her spending patterns reveal the rhythms of her life at Oatlands. It also considers several plots against her family. The first is a pair of overlapping plots whose combined intention was to overthrow King James in favour of his first cousin, the English-born Lady Arabella Stuart and thence install Thomas Grey, 15th Baron Grey of Hilton, as de facto king, and secure greater religious toleration for Catholics in England. The famed Elizabethan explorer and privateer Sir Walter Raleigh was amongst the backers of this plan. The conspirators escaped execution but not imprisonment. The second is the Gunpowder Plot. The confession of Guy Fawkes showed beyond doubt that although the primary aim had been to blow up parliament with James and Henry in attendance, this was merely a clearing of the way, as 'they intended that the king's daughter the Lady Elizabeth should have succeeded'. The chapter then explores Elizabeth Stuart's education, looking at how Henry and Elizabeth behaved and were in many ways treated as if they were twins.

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